Warning: Since version 1.3.0. the dictionary database format changed and is incompatible with previous versions. In order to use the newest version you have to re-build the dictionary database.

This software is protected by the terms of the AMP Open Community License, Version 1.0 (available at www.tibet.iteso.mx/Guatemala/). The Tibetan script input facility was built by THDL's Edward Garrett (http://www.thdl.org/).
It uses Tibetan Computer Company (http://www.tibet.dk/tcc/)fonts created by Tony Duff and made available by the Trace Foundation (http://trace.org/).

ABOUT THE TIBETAN-SANSKRIT TABLE OF BUDDHIST TERMINOLOGY BASED ON THE YOGACARABHUMI:

The Tibetan-Sanskrit tab separated database file was extracted, converted, filtered, and sorted by Richard B. Mahoney from YOKOYAMA, Koitsu & HIROSAWA, Takayuki, eds., Index to the Yogacarabhumi (Chinese-Sanskrit-Tibetan) (Tokyo : Sankibo Busshorin, 1996). See http://homepages.comnet.co.nz/~r-mahoney/links/links.html for details.

ABOUT RANGJUNG YESHE TIBETAN-ENGLISH DHARMA DICTIONARY 3.0:

Copyright © Rangjung Yeshe Publications and the individual contributors.

The Rangjung Yeshe Tibetan-English Dharma Dictionary is specifically licensed to Andres Montano by Rangjung Yeshe Publications. Permission must be obtained directly from Rangjung Yeshe Publications for any other public display of the dictionary.

Users desiring off-line access to the dictionary through The Tibetan to English Translation Tool must purchase the dictionary directly with Rangjung Yeshe Publications. See http://www.rangjung.com/ry-dic.htm for details.

ABOUT JEFFREY HOPKINS' TIBETAN-SANSKRIT-ENGLISH DICTIONARY VERSION 2.0.0:

Formulator and Editor: Jeffrey Hopkins
Contributors: Joe Wilson, Craig Preston, John Powers, Nathaniel Garson, Paul Hackett, Andres Montano

A project of the Tibetan Studies Institute, Boonesville, Virginia, and the University of Virginia Tibetan Studies Program

© Jeffrey Hopkins 1992.

Apology

This is a work in progress in crude form that is being shared with students of the Tibetan language mainly in order to receive input for further development. The English translations of the entries can be said only to represent what contributors, over a span of over thirty years, thought were my current translations. A small number are simply wrong; others need to be updated; and all will receive much more attention and, hence, detail.

The Dictionary has been entered into a database with fields for the entry, Sanskrit, tenses, my English, a few others’ interests, examples, definition, divisions, and comments. At this point, very few entries contain all of these items, but the plan is provide these, where appropriate, over the years. Translations for entries that have arisen from my work and from interactions with my students are in boldface, whereas those from other works are in regular type on separate lines and are marked with an initial at the end of the line. A key to these markings is given on the next page.

(Please note that the radical signs for Sanskrit roots are, after the first letter of the alphabet, in a state of disarray.)

I hope that you will bear with the many inadequacies of this first release.

	Paul Jeffrey Hopkins
	Professor of Tibetan Studies

Abbreviations

B-7: ??? {PH: see dngos med ... & dngos po (synonyms) }

BJ: Bel-jor-hlun-drup (Dpal 'byor lhun grub).  Legs bshad snying po'i dka' 'grel bstan pa'i sgron me (Buxaduar: Sera Monastery, 1968).

BK: ??? {PH: see bka' (examples) }

BR: Losang Gyatso (Blo bzang rgya mtsho).  Presentation of Knowledge and Awareness (Blo rig).

BWT:  Ngak-wang-bel-den (Ngag dbang dpal ldan).  Annotations for [Jam-yang-shay-ba's] "Tenets" (Grub mtha' chen mo'i mchan).

C: Conze, Edward.  Materials for a Dictionary of the Prajnaparamita Literature (Tokyo: Suzuki Research Foundation, 1967).

col.: colloquial

D1: Pur-bu-jok (Phur bu lcog).  Presentation of the Collected Topics (Part 1: Bsdus grwa chung ngu).

D2: Pur-bu-jok (Phur bu lcog).  Presentation of the Collected Topics (Part 2: Bsdus grwa 'bring).

DASI: Decisive Analysis of Special Insight.

DG: Germano, David. Poetic Thought, the Intelligent Universe, and the Mystery of Self: the Tantric Synthesis of rDzogs Chen in Fourteenth Century Tibet. (Ph.d. dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison,WI 1992).

DK: Dzong-ka-ba (Tsong kha pa blo bzang grags pa).  Drang ba dang nges pa'i don rnam par phye ba'i bstan bcos legs bshad snying po (Sarnath: Pleasure of Elegant Sayings Press, 1979).

Ganden Triba: Oral commentary of Ganden Triba Jam-bel-shen-pen.

GCT: Ngak-wang-dra-shi (Ngag dbang bkra shis).  Collected Topics by a Spiritual Son of Jam-yang-shay-ba (Sgo mang sras bsdus grwa).

GD: Dreyfus, George. Ontology, Philosophy of Language, and Epistemology in Buddhist Tradition (Ph.d. dissertation. Religious Studies, University of Virginia, Charlottesville,VA 1991).

Gon-chok: Gon-chok-jik-may-wang-bo (Dkon mchog 'jigs med dbang po). Precious Garland of Tenets (Grub mtha' rin chen phreng ba).

Jang.: Jang-gya (Lcang skya rol pa'i rdo rje). Presentation of Tenets (Lcang skya grub mtha').

JKA: ??? {PH: see mngon sum (definition) } 

KS: Khetsun Sangpo, Biographical Dictionary of Tibet and Tibetan Buddhism. (LTWA: Dharamsala, HP)

L: Lamotte, Etienne.  Samdhinirmocana-sutra (Louvain: Universite de Louvain, 1935).

LAK: Jam-bel-sam-pel ('Jam dpal bsam phel).  Presentation of Awareness and Knowledge (Blo rig gi rnam bzhag).

Lati: Oral commentary by Lati Rinbochay.

LCh: Chandra, Lokesh.  Tibetan-Sanskrit Dictionary (New Delhi, 1987).

LG: Losang Gyatso's Blo rig.

LM: ??? {PH: see skye bu chung ngu ... }

LR: Hopkins, Jeffrey.  Glossary for Gsung rab kun gyi snying po lam rim gyi gtso bo rnam pa gsung gi khrid yid gzhan phan snying po (by Panchen Lama IV).

LSR: Tsul-trim-nam-gyel (Tshul khrims rnam rgyal).  Presentation of Signs and Reasonings (Rtags rigs kyi rnam bzhag).

LWT: Lo-sang-gon-chok (Blo bzang dkon mchog).  Word Commentary on the Root Text of [Jam-yang-shay-ba's] "Tenets".

ME: Hopkins, Jeffrey.  Meditation on Emptiness (London, Wisdom, 1983).

MGP: ??? {PH: see bkag (examples) }

MSA: Nagao, Gadjin.  Index to the  Mahayanasutralankara (Tokyo: Nippon Gakujutsu Shinkvo-kai, 1958).

MSI: Dzong-ka-ba (Tsong kha pa blo bzang grags pa).  Middling Exposition of Special Insight (Lhag mthong 'bring).

MV: Nagao, Gadjin.  Index to the Madhyanta-vibhaga (Tokyo: 1961).

N: Zuiryu NAKAMURA. Index to the Ratnagotravibhaga-mahayanottaratantra-sastra (Tokyo, 1961).

P: Peking edition of the Tripitaka.

PGP: Lo-sang-da-yang (Blo bzang rta dbyangs).  Presentation of the Grounds and Paths in Prasangika (Thal 'gyur pa'i sa lam).

PP: Candrakirti.  Prasannapada.

S: Samdhinirmocana-sutra (Tok Palace version, 160 pp., Leh, Ladakh: Shesrig Dpemzod, 1975-1980, vol. ja).

TAK: Pur-bu-jok (Phur bu lcog).  Explanation of the Presentation of Objects and Object-Possessors as Well as Awareness and Knowledge (Yul dang yul can dang blo rig).

TCT: Pur-bu-jok (Phur bu lcog).  Presentation of the Collected Topics (Yongs 'dzin bsdus grwa).

TGP: Nga-wang-bel-den (Ngag dbang dpal ldan).  Treatise Illuminating the Presentation of the Four Great Secret Tantra Sets (Sngags kyi sa lam).

TN: Vasubandhu.  Trisvabhavanirdesha.

VM: Bu-don-rin-chen-drup (bu ston rin chen grub), The Practice of (Jnandagarbha's) "The Rite of the Vajra-Element Mandala: The Source of All Vajras": A Precious Enhancer of Thought (rDo rje dbyings kyi dkyil 'khor gyi cho ga rdo rje thams cad 'byung ba zhes bya ba'i lag len rin chen bsam 'phel), in Collected Works, Part 12 na. Lhasa: Zhol Printing House, 1990.

Y: Susumi YAMAGUCHI.Index to the Prasannapada Madhyamakavrtti. (Kyoto: Heirakuji-Shoten, 1974).

YT: Oral commentary by Yeshi Thupten.

ABOUT THE TIBETAN VOCABULARY VERSION APRIL 14, 2003 BY DAN MARTIN

Although called a 'vocabulary' this might qualify as a small dictionary, since there are more than 20,000 entries.  True, it isn't, strictly speaking, a dictionary, but it does contains materials useful in making one.

This is meant to be a word-index more than a dictionary, and technical, idiosyncratic, and obsolete usages and meanings are given priority over more common ones which may readily be found in the available dictionaries.  To some degree, the content reflects my own research focus on 11th and 12th century texts.  There is a certain emphasis on medicine and materia medica, and on things, material objects, substances, mineralogy, zoology, botany, architecture and cultural institutions, with a fair number of specialized meditation terms, Bon vocabulary, Buddhalogical concepts, foreign words, etc.  There is but little coverage of philosophical terms per se.  There should be no proper names (even if there are a few in fact, mainly clan names) or book titles, but there are many official titles, some names & epithets of deities, etc.

One of the main motives of making this vocabulary list was to better understand 12th-century Tibetan works (which means that a special effort was made to locate and record terms of obscure or unknown meaning; many of these are quoted in their original context, often without suggesting any definition at all).  Meanwhile, a very valuable dictionary of unusual words (based on a considerable range of previous glossaries, rather than dictionaries) has been published:  Btsan-lha Ngag-dbang-tshul-khrims, Brda-dkrol Gser-gyi Me-long, Mi-rigs Dpe-skrun-khang, 1997 (here abbreviated as Btsan-lha).  The main-entry content of Btsan-lha has been completely entered here, although the complete contents of the entries have not been (in effect, this work includes a word-index to Btsan-lha).

This vocabulary should be considered a tool of last or semi-final resort, after looking into the standard Tibetan lexicons and coming up empty or dissatisfied.  Of course, you may still come up empty, but please don't blame your dissatisfaction on me.  Bless it when it helps you, ignore it when it doesn't, and we'll all be happier people.

	Dan Martin
	Jerusalem 2003

A few technical points on alphabetic order:  Subscript 'wa' (wa-zur) and subscript 'a ('a-chung) are ignored for the purpose of alphabetization (i.e., a syllable spelled with wa-zur should occur immediately after the same syllable without it).  Genitive endings, in all their forms, may be ignored for the sake of alphabetization (this is not done consistently, however, and for this I apologize).  So, too, are vowel combinations that use 'a-chung (ga'u is alphabetized as if it were simply ga, unless it is written in two syllables, ga 'u).

Note that underlining (even especially beneath numbers) is used here with no other purpose than to indicate reference sources (but if preceded by a not-underlined author's name, divided from the underlined part by a comma, you must rather look under that). In bibliographical statements using the preposition 'in,' such as for example, "Shastri in TS9." one will find nothing under "Shastri," but must look under "TS9." Several different modes of abbreviation have been used, but in general, economy of space has been a large consideration.  Details of volume (Roman numerals) and page number (Arabic numbers) immediately follow the underlined portion, with no intervening punctuation marks.  For example, "193 VI 320r.2" means line 2 of the recto side of folio no. 320, in volume six of the publication represented by "193"  in the attached bibliographic key.

Note

When an entry says, "See [such-and-such-a-word]" it may mean to see it in the Das or the Yisun dictionary, and not necessarily in the vocabulary that follows.

Non-Bibliographical Abbreviations

<   =         is derived from

=   =         is equivalent to (more or less synonymous with)

[~]  =        should be read as, or understood to mean

abbr.  =      abbreviation

acc. [to]  =  according [to]

Ch.  =        Chinese

coll.  =      Colloquial

fur  =        future

hon.  =       honorific

impv. =       imperative

lit.  =       literal meaning, literally

med.  =       medical

Mong.  =      Mongolian

obs.  =       obsolete

O.T.  =       Old Tibetan (both Dunhuang and brda'-rnying [early Phyi-dar] vocabulary, nota bene)

pf.  =        perfect (past tense)

q.v.  =       quod vide (which one should have a look at)

Skt.  =       Sanskrit

ZZ   =        Zhang-zhung language [ZZ means Zhang-zhung Snyan-brgyud--nota bene]. 

Bibliographical Abbreviations

4:      Rje-btsun Mi-la-ras-pa'i Rnam-thar Rgyas-par Phye-ba Mgur-'bum,  woodblock print from recently carved blocks in Kulu Manali at Monastery of Ci-ta-ri.

4A:    Rnal-'byor-gyi Dbang-phyug Dam-pa Rje-btsun Mi-la-ras-pa'i Rnam-thar Thar-pa dang Thams-cad Mkhyen-pa'i Lam-ston.  Same printing as 4.

4X:    Rnal-'byor-gyi Dbang-phyug Mi-la Bzhad-pa'i-rdo-rje'i Gsung Mgur:  Mdzod Nag-ma, edited & arranged by Zhwa-nag III Rang-byung-rdo-rje (1284-1339), Damchoe Sangpo (Dalhousie 1978), in  2 vols.

5:      Lo-chen 'Gyur-med-bde-chen, Grub-pa'i Dbang-phyug Chen-po Brtson-'grus-bzang-po'i Rnam-thar: Kun-gsal Nor-bu'i Me-long, M.M. Press, Ballimaran (Delhi 1976). 

9:      Detlef Ingo Lauf, Secret Doctrines of the Tibetan Books of the Dead, Shambhala (Boulder 1977).

12:    'Jam-mgon Kong-sprul, Rgya-chen Bka' Mdzod, a Collection of the Writings of 'Jam-mgon Kong-sprul, Ngodup, Kyichu Temple (Paro n.d.), in  20 vols.

17:    'Brug-chen IV Padma-dkar-po, Collected Works (Gsung-'bum) of Kun-mkhyen Padma-dkar-po (Darjeeling 1973-76).

19:    Tsepon W.D.  Shakabpa, Tibet--A Political History, Yale University Press (New Haven 1973).

27:    D.S. Ruegg,  The Life of Bu-ston Rin-po-che, Serie Orientale Roma no. XXIV, Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente (Rome 1966).

28:    Giuseppe Tucci, Preliminary Report on Two Scientific Expeditions in Nepal, Serie Orientale Roma vol. X (Rome 1956).

36:    Kong-sprul (comp.), Gdams-ngag Mdzod, reproduced from Dpal-spungs blockprint by N. Lungtok & N. Gyaltsan (Delhi 1971).

42:    Mi-pham-rgya-mtsho, Gzhan-gyis Brtsad-pa'i Lan Mdor-bsdus-pa Rigs-lam Rab Gsal: De-nyid Snang-byed (1969).

45lahul:  Collected Works (Gsung-'bum) of Sgam-po-pa Bsod-nams-rin-chen (reproduced from a ms. from the Bkra-shis Chos-rdzong monastery in Miyad Lahul), Khasdub Gyatso Shashin (Delhi 1975).

56:    Giuseppe Tucci,  Transhimalaya, Nagel Publishers  (Geneva 1973).

60:    Khams-smyon Dharma-seng-ge, Nyams-mgur Chu-zla'i Gar 'Phreng (the visionary and mystic poetry of Khams-smyon Dharma-sengge) Sonam T. Kazi (Gangtok 1970). 

61:    'Phags-mchog-rdo-rje, Nges Don Phyag-rgya-chen-po'i Khrid-rim-gyi Zin Thun Rgyal Kun Dgyes-pa'i Gsang Mdzod,  printed at Rta-mgo Monastery in Bhutan,  a woodblock print in 115 folios.  The colophon reads: Punyabhadras Mkhan-ljongs 'Od-gling-du// (?).

64:    Rgod-tshang-pa Mgon-po-rdo-rje, Collected Works (Gsung-'bum) (reproduced from the ms. set once belonging to Rje Shâkya-rin-chen and preserved at Pha-jo-lding Monastery), Jayyed Press (Delhi 1976), in  5 vols.

73:    Bka'-brgyud Yid-bzhin-nor-bu-yi 'Phreng-ba:  A Precious Rosary of Lives of Eminent Masters of the 'Bri-gung-pa Dkar-brgyud-pa Tradition, SSS series no. 38, S.W. Tashigangpa (Leh 1972).

75:    Herbert V. Guenther, The Life and Teachings of Naropa,  Oxford University Press (London 1963).

76:    Glo-bo Mkhan-chen Bsod-nams-lhun-grub, Tshad-ma Rigs-pa'i Gter-gyi Rnam-par Bshad-pa Rigs-pa ma-lus-pa-la 'Jug-pa'i Sgo (a commentary on the Tshad-ma Rigs Gter of Sa-skya Paˆ?i-ta reproduced from an original ms., with English introduction by E. Gene Smith), Sonam T. Kazi (Gangtok 1970).

79:    Karma Grags-pa-yongs-'dus, Pha-gcig Bla-ma Dam-pa'i Rnam-thar Rjes-su Dran-cing Gsol-'debs-pa dang / Bshags-shing Bsngo-ba'i Rim-pa bcas Mos-gus Yid-kyi 'Khri-shing, a woodblock print.

87:    Rin-chen Gter Mdzod Chen-mo, Kyichu Monastery (Paro 1976), in 110 vols.

91:    Collected Rediscovered Teachings of Ratna-gling-pa, Taklung Tsetrul (Darjeeling 1977), in 14 vols.

120:  Mi-'jigs-pa-sbyin-pa-dpal (Abhåyadanaßr¥), [translated by] Dge-slong Smon-grub-shes-rab.  'Phags-yul Grub-chen Brgyad-cu-rtsa-bzhi'i Byin-rlabs Skor-las / Lo-rgyus Rnam-par Thar-pa-rnams ("The Biography of 84 Saints of Buddhist," added English title), E. Kalsang (Varanasi 1972).

124:  Gcod-kyi Chos-skor (three texts on the history and practice of the Zhi-byed and Gcod precepts, reproduced from rare block prints from the library of the Tibet House;  includes: Sher-phyin Tshigs-bcad Chen-mo of Óryadeva, Phung-po Gzan-skyur-gyi Rnam-bshad, and Zhi-byed dang Gcod-yul-gyi Chos-'byung by 'Jigs-bral-chos-kyi-seng-ge), Tibet House (New Delhi 1974).

127:  Alex Wayman, Calming the Mind and Discerning the Real, from the Lam-rim Chen-mo of Tso?-kha-pa, Columbia University Press (New York 1978).

129:  Rtsib-ri Spar-ma, compiled by La-dwags Khrid-dpon 'Khrul-zhig Padma-rnam-rgyal,  Kargyud Sungrab Nyamso Khang (Darjeeling 1978+), in 30 vols. 

132:  Khams-smyon Dharma-seng-ge, Rje-btsun Thams-cad Mkhyen-pa Bai-ro-tsa-na'i Rnam-thar 'Dra-'bag Chen-mo, Ven. D.G. Khochhen Tulku, Nyingmapa Lama's College, Clement Town (Dehra Dun 1977?).

133:  Ngag-dbang-rig-gnas-rgya-mtsho, Bdud-rtsi Snying-po Yan-lag Brgyad-pa Gsang-ba Man-ngag-gi Rgyud-las Dum-bu Dang-po Rtsa-ba'i Rgyud-kyi Rnam-bshad Zhal-lung Don-gsal (reproduced from a rare ms. from the library of Tashi Wangyal Martse), T. Sonam Tashigang (Leh 1977).

145:  Sa-skya-pa'i Bka'-'bum,  Toyo Bunko (Tokyo 1968).

166:  Rong-zom Bka'-'bum (a collection of writings by the Rnying-ma-pa master Rong-zom Chos-kyi-bzang-po, reproduced from a ms. copy of an incomplete print of the Zhe-chen blocks with the detailed Dkar-chag of 'Jam-mgon Mi-pham Rin-po-che), Kunsang Topgay (Thimphu 1976).

171:  Three Lamas of Zangskar (three autobiographical works by 'Brug-pa Bka'-brgyud-pa masters of Zangs-dkar: Bzhad-pa-rdo-rje, Karma-bstan-'dzin, & Kun-dga'-chos-legs, reproduced from rare mss. preserved at Dzongkhul Monastery, Kawring, Gemur), Topden Tsering (Gemur          1978).

206:  Snyan-rgyud Nam-mkha'i 'Phrul-mdzod Drang-nges Skor and  Zhang-zhung Snyan-rgyud Skor (texts from two cycles of Bon-po Rdzogs-chen Oral Transmission Precepts, compiled & reproduced by Sherab Wangyal from xylographic prints from Sman-ri blocks), Tibetan Bonpo Monastic Centre (Dolanji 1972).

212:  Collected Writings of 'Jam-mgon 'Ju Mi-pham-rgya-mtsho, Sonam Topgay Kazi (Gangtok 1975), in 15 vols. 

234:  Ras-chung Snyan-rgyud (Bde-mchog Mkha'-'gro Snyan-rgyud [Ras-chung Snyan-rgyud]), S.W. Tashigangpa (Leh 1971), in 2 vols. 

242:  Collected Works (Gsung-'bum) of Smin-gling Lo-chen Dharma-shri (reproduced from various mss. available in India & Nepal), Ven. D.G. Khochen Tulku, Nyingmapa Lama's College (Dehra Dun 1977), in 19 (?) vols.

267:  Mkha'-'gro Gsang Gcod Rgyud Skor /  Zab Lam Mkha'-'gro Gsang-ba'i Gcod-kyi Gdams-pa (a collection of Bonpo Gcod tantras & related texts, largely from the oral transmission received by Sprul-sku Khro-gnyan-rgyal-mtshan, reproduced from mss. of Bsam-gling Monastery), Tashi Dorji, Tibetan Bonpo Monastic Centre (Dolanji 1973).

273A:  Rtsa-rgyud Chen-po Gsang-ba-bsen-thub dang De'i 'Grel-pa, Tashi Dorje, Tibetan Bonpo Monastic Centre (Dolanji 1985), in 2 vols.

274:  Nam-mkha' Mdzod (a collection of ritual texts, khrid-yig, and treatises on aspects of the four consecrations.  by Shar-rdza Bkra-shis-rgyal-mtshan, reproduced from Delhi lithographic editions of early 1950's and xylographic prints from Khams by Ngawang Sonam, Patshang Lama Sonam Gyaltsen, and Khedup Gyatso), Tibetan Bonpo Monastic Centre (Dolanji 1973), in 3 vols.

295:  Theg Rim Rtsa-'grel Cha-lag bcas (a collection of five Bon texts) TBMC (Dolanji 1972).

356:  Selected Writings of the First Zhwa-nag Karma-pa Dus-gsum-mkhyen-pa (reproduced from rare mss. from the library of Zhwa-dmar Rin-po-che), Dzongsar Chhentse Labrang, Palace Monastery (Gangtok 1980).

367:  Collected Works of A-kya Yongs-'dzin Dbyangs-can-dga'-ba'i-blo-gros, Lama Guru Deva (Delhi 1971+)

397:  The Collected Works of the Great 'Jam-dbyangs Mkhyen-brtse'i-dbang-po (reproduced from a set of prints from Rdzong-gsar blocks), Gonpo Tseten, Palace Monastery (Gangtok, 1977), in 24 vols.

440:  Dkon-mchog-rgyal-mtshan, Rdzogs-chen Sta-bla, 'Das-log Dkar-chag Thar-pa'i Lam Ston Gsal-ba'i Sgron-me, Konchhog Lhadripa (Paro, Bhutan 1983), includes a Foreword by Bkra-shis-tshe-ring.

445:  Klong-chen-pa Dri-med-'od-zer, Mdzod Bdun, Sherab Gyaltsen (Gangtok 1983), in 6 vols.

447:  Rten-'brel Yig Rnying, National Library of Bhutan (Thimphu 1985).

449:  'Gos Lo-tsa-ba Gzhon-nu-dpal, Mkhas-pa-chen-po Dpal Nags-kyi-rin-chen-gyi Rnam-par Thar-pa (biography of Vanaratna), National Library of Bhutan (Thimphu 1985).

453:  Khyung-po-ras-pa Grub-dbang 'Gyur-med-'od-gsal, Rje-btsun Mi-'gyur-dpal-gyi-sgron-ma'i Rnam-thar Dad-pa'i Gdung-sel (composed in 1782), National Library of Bhutan  (Thimphu 1984).

467:  'Bab-rom Bka'-brgyud-kyi Chos-skor Thor-bu Sna-tshogs, Mr. Hogen Sheza, Ladakh Baudh Vihara (Delhi 1982), in 3 vols. 

472:  Zhabs-dkar Tshogs-drug-rang-grol, 'Od-gsal Rdzogs-pa-chen-po'i Khregs-chod Lta-ba'i Glu-dbyangs Sa Lam ma-lus Myur-du Bgrod-pa'i Rtsal-ldan Mkha'-lding Gshog Rlabs  &  Rang Gzhan Thams-cad 'Tshegs-pa'i Man-ngag Gser-gyi Ri-bo, Rangrig & Konchhog Lhadrepa (Darjeeling 1985).

476:  The Collected Writings (Gsung-'bum) of 'Bri-gung Chos-rje 'Jig-rten-mgon-po Rin-chen-dpal, Khangsar Tulku (New Delhi 1969-71), in 5 vols.

491:  Mdo-phran Nyi-shu-rtsa-gcig-pa (collection of hitherto unpublished Bonpo canonical works from the sutra section of the Bonpo Kanjur, reproduced from rare a ms. from Hor Ba-chen Klu-phug Bde-chen-g.yung-drung-gling) TBMC (Dolanji 1985).

495:  Karma-'phrin-las-pa (1456-1539), The Songs of Esoteric Practice (Mgur) and Replies to Doctrinal Questions (Dris-lan), Ngawang Topgay (New Delhi 1975). 

501:  The Bonpo Approach to Abhidharma (texts from the Sman-ri Yig-cha by Mnyam-med Shes-rab-rgyal-mtshan and Slob-dpon Bstan-'dzin-rnam-dag.  Repr. from rare mss. from the library of the Bonpo Monastic Centre), Khedup Gyatso (Dolanji 1982).

506A: Shar-rdza Bkra-shis-rgyal-mtshan, Legs-bshad Rin-po-che'i Gter-mdzod, Mi-rigs Dpe-skrun-khang, ed. by Rdo-rje-rgyal-po (Lhasa 1985).

600:  Dkon-mchog-'jigs-med-dbang-po, Chos-kyi Rnam-grangs (=Mdo Rgyud Bstan-bcos Du-ma-nas 'Byung-ba'i Chos-kyi Rnam-grangs Shes-ldan Yid-kyi Dga'-ston), Mtsho-sngon Mi-rigs Dpe-skrun-khang (Xining 1992).

601:  Mnyam-med Chos-dbang-rgyal-mtshan-gyi Gsung-ngag Thor-bu-ba-rnams (an uncatalogued woodblock print in Hamburg Institute [no call no., accessions no. 1975.130], in 65 folios (marginal notation KA).   It is an early Mang-yul Gung-thang print, and has fine woodcut illustrations in front and end.

602:  Dpal-ldan Bla-ma Dam-pa / Sprul-pa'i Skyes-mchog Nam-mkha'-rgyal-mtshan-dpal-bzang-po'i Rnam-par Thar-pa / Skal-ldan Dga'-ba Bskyed-pa'i Pad-tshal Yid-kyi 'Dod-'jo, woodblock print in 58 folios (marginal notation kha), in Hamburg institute collection (no call no., accessions no. 1975.129).  It is an early Mang-yul Gung-thang print.  Includes a woodcut portrait of the author.

Achard, L'Essence:  Jean-Luc Achard, L'Essence perlée du secret: Recherches philologiques et historiques sur l'origine de la Grande Perfection dans la tradition rNying ma pa, Brepols (Turnhout 1999).

Allen, Search:  Charles Allen, The Search for Shangri-La: A Journey into Tibetan History, Abacus (London 1999).

Allione, Women of Wisdom:  Tsultrim Allione, Women of Wisdom, Arkana (London 1986).  A newer edition is available.

Almogi, MA thesis:  Orna Almogi, The Life and Works of Rong-zom Paˆ?ita, "Wissenschaftliche Hausarbeit zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Magister Artium der Universität Hamburg" (Hamburg 1997).

AO:   Acta Orientalia (journal)

AOH: Acta Orientalia Hungarica (journal).

Ardussi, Drinking:  John Ardussi, Brewing and Drinking the Beer of Enlightenment in Tibetan Buddhism: The Dohå Tradition in Tibet.  Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 97, no. 2 (1977), pp. 115-124.

Aris, Discourse:  Michael Aris, 'Jigs-med-gling-pa's Discourse on India of 1789, Studia Philologica Buddhica, The International Institute of Buddhist Studies (Tokyo 1995).

Avedon:  John Avedon, In Exile from the Land of Snows, Wisdom (Boston 1984).

Aziz:  Barbara Nimri Aziz, Tibetan Frontier Families: Reflections of Three Generations from D'ing-ri, Carolina Academic Press (Durham 1978).

B in L:  Nawang Tsering, Buddhism in Ladakh (a study of the life & works of the eighteenth century Ladakhi saint scholar Ngag-dbang-tshe-ring by [his namesake] Nawang Tsering), Sterling Publishers (New Delhi 1979).

BA:  George N. Roerich [and, of course, Gendun Chomphel], trs., The Blue Annals, Motilal Banarsidass (Delhi 1976), first published in Calcutta in 1949.

Barnett, Resistance:  Robert Barnett & Shirin Akiner, eds., Resistance and Reform in Tibet, Hurst & Co. (London 1994).

BBNP:  Bka'-gdams-kyi Man-ngag Be'u-bum Sngon-po'i Rtsa-'grel, Mi-rigs Dpe-skrun-khang (Beijing 1991), equivalent to Gangs-can Rig-brgya'i Sgo-'byed Lde-mig series no. 16.  The vocabulary is on pp. 464-486.

BD of T&TB:  Khetsun Sangpo (=Mkhas-btsun-bzang-po), Biographical Dictionary of Tibet and Tibetan Buddhism (in Tibetan), Library of Tibetan Works and Archives (Dharamsala 1981+), in 12 volumes.

Bell, Religion:  Sir Charles Bell (1870-1945), The Religion of Tibet, Clarendon Press (Oxford 1931).

Bellezza, Divine Dyads:  John Vincent Bellezza, Divine Dyads: Ancient Civilization in Tibet, Library of Tibetan Works & Archives (Dharamsala 1997).

Bernard:  Theos Bernard, Land of a Thousand Buddhas, Rider & Co. (London 1950) reprint of 1st edition, 1940.  Also published under the title Penthouse of the Gods.

Beyer:  Stephan V. Beyer, The Cult of Tårå: Magic and Ritual in Tibet, University of California Press (Berkeley 1973).

Beyer, CT Lang:  Stephan V. Beyer, The Classical Tibetan Language, State University of New York Press (Albany 1992).

Bka'-gdams Glegs-bam Pha-chos(PRC):  Published in 2 volumes:  Jo-bo Rje Dpal-ldan A-ti-sha'i Rnam-thar Bka'-gdams Pha-chos, Mtsho-sngon Mi-rigs Dpe-skrun-khang (Xining 1993) [volume 1].  'Brom-ston Rgyal-ba'i-'byung-gnas-kyi Skyes-rabs Bka'-gdams Bu-chos, Mtsho-sngon Mi-rigs Dpe-skrun-khang (Xining 1993) [volume 2].

Bka'-gdams Thor-bu:  Bka'-gdams-kyi Skyes-bu Dam-pa-rnams-kyi Gsung-bgros Thor-bu-pa-rnams.  44 fols.  Margin:  thor(p.n.) bu.  Woodblock print, personal copy purchased in Lhasa (1993).  Collection of sayings of early Bka'-gdams-pas; final prayer by 'Bri-gung-pa Dkon-mchog-ratna (i.e., Dkon-mchog-rin-chen, b. 1590). 

Bka'-ma Rgyas-pa: Bdud-'joms Rin-po-che, ed., Rnying-ma Bka'-ma Rgyas-pa, Dupjung Lama (Kalimpong 1982-5).

Blan:  Blang-dor Gsal-bar Ston-pa'i Drang-thig Dwangs Shel Me-long by Sde-srid Sangs-rgyas-rgya-mtsho + 16 other texts.  Sonam Drakpa (Dolanji: 1979).

Bo-dong-pa, Guhyasamåja History:  Bo-dong Phyogs-las-rnam-rgyal (1376-1451), Gsang-'dus Lung-rigs Man-ngag Ston-par Byed-pa'i Bla-ma Tshad-ma'i Lo-rgyus, contained in:  Bo-dong Phyogs-las-rnam-rgyal, Encyclopedia Tibetica, Tibet House (New Delhi 1970+), vol. 64, pp. 383-577.

Bon Kanjur(192-vol. version):  There are also some references to the 3rd edition.  See the forthcoming catalogue (Osaka 2003?).

Bonnefoy, ed., Asian Mythologies:  Yves Bonnefoy, ed., Mythologies, University of Chicago Press (Chicago 1991).

BLP:  Bsod-nams-don-grub, Bod-kyi Lo-rgyus Dpe-tho, Bod-ljongs Mi-dmangs Dpe-skrun-khang (Lhasa 2000).

BP:  Man-ngag Lhan-thabs-kyi Lde-mig (cover title), SSS series no. 57, S.W. Tashigangpa (Leh 1973).  This actually refers to the 3rd of three texts contained in this publication, the one by Dbon-sprul.

Brauen, Ladakhi Marriage Ritual:  Martin Brauen, 'Ladakhi Marriage Ritual.'  Contained in:  D. Kantowsky  & R. Sander, eds., Recent Research on Ladakh (1983).

Broido(1984):  Michael Broido, Padma Dkar-po on Tantra as Ground, Path and Goal.  Journal of the Tibet Society, vol. 4 (1984), pp. 5-46.

Bru:  Rgyal-rigs Bru-yi Ring-lugs-kyi Zhi-khro'i Sgrub Skor (ms. from library of the late Dpal-tshul,"  Sonam Dakpa (Delhi 1975), in 2 vols.

Bsam-gtan Mig Sgron:  Gnubs-chen Sangs-rgyas-ye-shes, Rnal-'byor Mig-gi Bsam-gtan, or, Bsam-gtan Mig Sgron, 'Khor-gdong Gter-sprul 'Chi-med-rig-'dzin (Leh 1974).

BSOAS:  Bulletin of the School of Oriental & African Studies (London).

BT:  A medicine text (with recipes for medicinal compounds).  Not identified (and note that BT has been used elsewhere as an abbreviation for Bulletin of Tibetology).  This might be Kong-sprul Blo-gros-mtha'-yas' Zin-tig Bdud-rtsi Thig-pa, but this needs to be checked.

Btsan-lha:  Btsan-lha Ngag-dbang-tshul-khrims, Brda-dkrol Gser-gyi Me-long, Mi-rigs Dpe-skrun-khang (Beijing 1997).

Bu-ston, Works:  Collected Works of Bu-ston, Lokesh Chandra, International Academy of Indian Culture (New Delhi 1965).

Buddhist Studies Rev.:  Buddhist Studies Review (the British journal).

Buswell, Paths to Liberation:  Robert E. Buswell, Jr. & Robert M. Gimello, eds., Paths to Liberation: The Mårga and Its Transformations in Buddhist Thought, Kuroda Institute, Studies in East Asian Buddhism no. 7 (Honolulu 1992).

Bzo:  Bzo-rig Nyer-mkho Bdams-bsgrigs (Gangs-can Rig-mdzod series no. 14), Bod-ljongs Bod-yig Dpe-rnying Dpe-skrun-khang (Lhasa 1990).

CAJ:  Central Asiatic Journal.

CFMS:  Tsering Gyalbo, Guntram Hazod & Per K. Sørensen, Civilization at the Foot of Mount Shampo: The Royal House of lHa Bug-pa-can and the History of g.Ya'-bzang, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften & Tibetan Academy of Social Sciences (Wien 2000), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse Denkschriften, 290. Band; Beiträge zur Kultur- und Geistesgeschichte Asiens, Nr. 36.

Chag:  G. Roerich, Biography of Dharmasvåmin (Chag Lo-tsa-ba Chos-rje-dpal), K.P. Jayaswal Research Institute (Patna 1959).

Chagdud, Lord of the Dance:  Chagdud Tulku (d. 2003), Lord of the Dance: The Autobiography of a Tibetan Lama, Padma Publishing (Junction City 1992).

Chang:  Garma C. C. Chang, The Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa, Shambhala (Boulder 1977), reprint of 1962 edition.

Changing Minds:  Guy Newland, ed., Changing Minds: Contributions to the Study of Buddhism and Tibet in Honor of Jeffrey Hopkins, Snow Lion (Ithaca 2001).

CHMO 15:  Bod-kyi Lo-rgyus Rig-gnas Dpyad-gzhi'i Rgyu-cha Bdams-bsgrigs [6 Spyi'i 'Don Thengs 15-pa], Mi-rigs Dpe-skrun-khang (Beijing 1993).

Chö Yang:  Also spelled Chöyang, or Chos-dbyangs (occasional journal, Ganchen Kyishong).

Chödag:  This is an old 'handwritten' (not woodblock printed) European book formatted version of the dictionary by Sog-po Dge-bshes Chos-grags, with no publishing information.  (There is no title page, and the title on the outer cover is illegible).  Despite some efforts, I was unable to find a good bibliographical reference to this particular edition.

Choix:  Ariane Macdonald and Yoshiro Imaeda, Choix de documents tibétains conservés à la Bibliothèque Nationale, Bibliothèque Nationale (Paris 1978).

Clifford:  Terry Clifford, Tibetan Buddhist Medicine and Psychiatry: The Diamond Healing, Samuel Weiser (York Beach 1984).  Most references here are to the list on pp. 222-235.

Coblin, Sinologist's:  Weldon South Coblin, A Sinologist's Handlist of Sino-Tibetan Lexical Comparisons, Steyler (Nettetal 1986).

Combe:  G.A. Combe, A Tibetan on Tibet, Ratna Pustak Bhandar (Kathmandu 1975).  First published in 1926.

CSKG:  Rnam-rgyal-tshe-ring, Bod-yig Mngon-brjod Gcig Shes Kun Grol, Kan-su'u Mi-rigs Dpe-skrun-khang (Lanzhou 1991).  This is a useful reference work for stock literary metaphors and the like.

Dag-yig:  Dag-yig Gsar Bsgrigs, Mtsho-sngon Mi-rigs Dpe-skrun-khang (Xining 1979).  This is especially trusted for its verbal morphologies.

Dagyab:  L.S. Dagyab, Bod Brda'i Tshig-mdzod [Tibetan Dictionary], Lama L.S. Dagyab (Dharamsala 1966).

Dagyab, Tibetan Religious Art:  Loden Sherap Dagyab, Tibetan Religious Art, Otto Harrassowitz (Wiesbaden 1977).

Dargyay, Ausbildung:  Geshay Lobsang Dargyay, Die Ausbildung buddhistischer Moenche in Tibet.  IN: Martin Brauen & Per Kvaerne, eds., Tibetan Studies, Völkerkundemuseum der Universität Zürich (Zürich 1978), pp. 103-112.

Dargyay, TVC:  Eva K. Dargyay, Tibetan Village Communities--Structure  and Change, Aris & Phillips Ltd. (Warminster 1982).

Das:  Rai Sarat Chandra Das, Bahadur, C.I.E.; Mkhan-chen Bla-ma Shes-rab-rgya-mtsho, O-rgyan-rgya-mtsho, A Tibetan-English Dictionary with Sanskrit Synonyms, revised by Graham Sandberg & A. William Heyde, Superintendent, Government Printing, West Bengal Government Press (Alipore 1960), reprint of 1902 Calcutta edition.

Das, JTL&CT:  Sarat Chandra Das, Journey to Lhasa and Central Tibet, Mañjußr¥ Publishing (N.Delhi 1970), reprint of 1902 edition.

David-Neel, My Journey to Lhasa:  Alexandra David-Neel, My Journey to Lhasa, Beacon Press (Boston 1986), reprint of Harper & Brothers' 1927 edition, with a new introduction.

DD:  Go-'jo Dbang-'dus, Bod Gangs-can-pa'i Gso-ba Rig-pa'i Dpal-ldan Rgyud-bzhi Sogs-kyi Brda' dang Dka'-gnad 'Ga'-zhig Brkol-ba Sngon-byon Mkhas-pa'i Gsung-rgyun G.yu-thog Dgongs-rgyan, Mi-rigs Dpe-skrun-khang (Beijing 1982).  This is one of the most useful dictionaries of Tibet's traditional medicine, although perhaps guilty of a certain degree of 'modernization' (and note, too, the socialist realist anatomical drawings at the end of the book).

DG:  Dil-dmar Dge-bshes Bstan-'dzin-phun-tshogs, Dri-med Shel-gong & Dri-med Shel-'phreng (cover title: Principles of Lamaist Pharmacognosy), Tashi Yangphel Tashigangpa (Leh 1970).  A very important source for materia medica.

Dge-'dun-chos-'phel-gyi Gsung-rtsom(1990):  Dge-'dun-chos-'phel-gyi Gsung-rtsom, Bod-ljongs Bod-yig Dpe-rnying Dpe-skrun-khang, Gangs-can Rig-mdzod nos. 10-12 (Lhasa 1990), in 3 vols.

Dgongs-gcig(1990):  Rdo-rje-shes-rab, Dam-chos Dgongs-pa Gcig-pa'i 'Grel-chen Snang-mdzad Ye-shes Sgron-me, Drikung Kagyu Institute (Dehradun 1990).

Dilgo Khyentse, Hundred Verses of Advice of Padampa Sangye:  Dilgo Khyentse, The Hundred Verses of Advice of Padampa Sangye, Shechen Publications (Kathmandu 2002?).  Tr. by the Padmakara Translation Group.

Dkon-mchog-bstan-'dzin, Bzo-gnas:  Dkon-mchog-bstan-'dzin (b. 1949), Bzo-gnas Skra Rtse'i Chu-thigs, Krung-go'i Bod-kyi Shes-rig Dpe-skrun-khang (Beijing 1994).

Doboom, Buddh. Path to Enlightenment:  Lama Doboom Tulku, The Buddhist Path to Enlightenment: Tibetan Buddhist Philosophy and Practice, Point Loma (San Diego 1996).

Donden:  Dr. Yeshey Donden, Tibetan Medicine, a Brief History, Tibet Society Bulletin (Bloomington 1972). 

Dpa'-ris:  Dpa'-ris Sangs-rgyas, Dpe-chos Tshig-mdzod, Mtsho-sngon Mi-rigs Dpe-skrun-khang (Xining 1999).  This gathers examples from all kinds of literature, especially Ge-sar epic, and not from the Dpe-chos work by Po-to-ba, as one might erroneously expect.

Dpe-chos:  Dpe-chos dang Dpe-chos Rin-chen Spungs-pa (= Gangs-can Rig Brgya'i Sgo-'byed Lde-mig series no. 17), Mi-rigs Dpe-skrun-khang (Beijing 1991).  The glossary, entitled  Dpe-chos Rin-chen Spungs-pa'i Brda Bkrol Don-gnyer Yid-kyi Dga'-ston, is contained on pp. 502-520.

Drège:  Jean-Pierre Drège, ed., De Dunhuang au Japon: Etudes chinoises et bouddhiques offertes à Michel Soymié, Droz (Geneva 1996).  

Dreyfus, Sound:  Georges B.J. Dreyfus, The Sound of Two Hands Clapping: The Education of a Tibetan Buddhist Monk, University of California Press (Berkeley 2003).

DTK5: Bod-kyi Lo-rgyus Deb-ther Khag Lnga, Bod-ljongs Bod-yig Dpe Rnying Dpe-skrun-khang (Lhasa 1990).

DTMM:  Dr. Pasang Yonten Arya, Dictionary of Tibetan Materia Medica, tr. & ed. by Dr. Yonten Gyatso, Motilal Banarsidass (Delhi 1998).  This excellent reference work, which consistently supplies scientific Latin names (but hardly ever common English names), has unfortunately not been used very much here.

Dudjom, Nyingma History:  Dudjom Rinpoche Jikdrel Yeshe Dorje, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism:  Its Fundamentals and History, tr. by Gyurme Dorje and Matthew Kapstein, Wisdom Publications (Boston 1991), in 2 volumes.

Dung-dkar:  Dung-dkar Blo-bzang-'phrin-las, Dung-dkar Tshig-mdzod Chen-mo, Krung-go'i Bod-rig-pa Dpe-skrun-khang (Beijing 2002).

Dutt:  Uday Chand Dutt, The Materia Medica of the Hindus, Modan Gopal Dass (Calcutta 1922).

Eastman, Eighteen Tantras: Kenneth W. Eastman, The Eighteen Tantras of the Tattvasaµgraha / Måyåjåla. Transactions of the International Congress of Orientalists in Japan, TNhN Takkai (Tokyo), no. 26 (1981), pp. 95-96.

Eastman, Mahåyoga Texts at Tun-huang:  Kenneth Eastman, Mahåyoga Texts at Tun-huang.  BukkyN bunka kenkyûjo kiyN, vol. 22 (1982-3), pp. 42-60.

Eastman, Vajrayana Handbook:  An unpublished paper by Kenneth W. Eastman, its present whereabouts unknown.

Edou, Machig:  JérNme Edou, Machig Labdrön and the Foundations of Chöd, Snow Lion (Ithaca 1996).

Eimer, Dbyangs:  Helmut Eimer, dBya?s-can dga'-ba'i blo-gros' Explanation of Some Expressions from the Sa skya legs bshad.  IN: Vicitrakusumåñjali: Volume Presented to Richard Othon Meisezahl on the Occasion of his Eightieth Birthday, Indica et Tibetica series no. 11 (Bonn 1986) pp. 49-60.

Epstein, Dissertation:  Lawrence Epstein, Causation in Tibetan Religion: Duality and Its Transformations, University of Washington (Seattle 1997).  UMI no. 77-18,332.

Erik P. Kunsang, The Lotus-Born:  Erik Pema Kunsang, tr., The Lotus-Born: The Life Story of Padmasambhava, Composed by Yeshe Tsogyal, Revealed by Nyang Ral Nyima Öser, Shambhala (Boston 1993).

Esin, History of Pre-Islamic:  Emil Esin, A History of Pre-Islamic and Early-Islamic Turkish Culture, Ünal Matbaas¥ (Istanbul 1980).

Essais:  A. MacDonald & Yoshiro Imaeda, eds., Essais sur l'art du Tibet.  Librairie d'América et d'Orient (Paris 1977).

Essen & Thingo, Die Götter des Himalaya:  Gerd-Wolfgang Essen & Tsering Tashi Thingo, Die Götter des Himalaya: Buddhistische Kunst Tibets, die Sammlung Gerd-Wolfgang Essen, Prestel (München 1989).

Essential Nectar:  Geshe Rabten, Essential Nectar, Snow Lion (Ithaca xxxx).

Facets:  Alfredo Cadonna & Ester Bianchi, eds., Facets of Tibetan Religious Tradition and Contacts with Neighbouring Cultural Areas, Leo S. Olschki (Florence 2002).

Facets of Indian Culture: Facets of Indian Culture:  Gustav Roth Felicitation Volume (Patna 1988).

Flick, Carrying Enemies:  Hugh Meredith Flick, Carrying Enemies on Your Shoulder: Indian Folk Wisdom in Tibet, Sri Satguru Publications (Delhi 1996).

Francke, Antiquities:  A. H. Francke, Antiquities of Indian Tibet, Asian Educational Services (N.Delhi 1992), 1st published in 1914.

French, Yoke:  Rebecca R. French, The Golden Yoke: The Legal Cosmology of Buddhist Tibet, Cornell University Press (Ithaca 1995).

Fundamentals:    Fundamentals of Tibetan Medical Practice (Lha-sa Sman-rtsis-khang prints of works by Mkhyen-rab-nor-bu, 'Ju Mi-pham, Chos-grags-rgya-mtsho, and 'Jam-mgon Kong-sprul), D.L. Tashigangpa (Leh 1974).

Gateway:  Thubten Legshay Gyatsho, the Eighteenth Chogay Trichen, Gateway to the Temple: Manual of Tibetan Monastic Customs, Art, Building & Celebrations, tr. by David Paul Jackson, Ratna Pustak Bhandar (Kathmandu 1979).

Gces:  Legs-par Bshad-pa Bka'-gdams Rin-po-che'i Gsung-gi Gces Btus Nor-bu'i Bang Mdzod, ed. by Don-grub-rgyal-mtshan, alias Ye-shes-don-grub-bstan-pa'i-rgyal-mtshan (reproduced from a print from the Lhasa Bzhi-sde blocks), D. Tsondu Senghe, The Bir Tibetan Society (Bir 1985).  The refs. here are to a brief vocabulary found at the end of this work.  Note that this vocabulary is keyed to the text, so that sometimes one may locate the actual passage where the word is used.

Gdams-ngag Mdzod:  Gdams-ngag Mdzod: A Treasury of Precious Methods and Instructions of the Major and Minor Buddhist Traditions of Tibet, Brought Together and Structured into a Coherent System by 'Jam-mgon Kong-sprul (edited from a set of the Dpal-spungs Prints and published at the order of H.H. Dingo Chhentse [Dis-mgo Mkhyen-brtse] Rimpoche), Lama Ngodrup and Sherab Drimey (Paro 1979-1981), in 18 volumes.

Germano, Poetic Thought:  David F. Germano, Poetic Thought, the Intelligent University, and the Mystery of the Self: The Tantric Synthesis of rDzogs chen in Fourteenth Century Tibet, University Microfilms International (Ann Arbor 1992), order no. 9231691.

Gling-ras-pa, Bka'-'bum:  Gling-chen Ras-pa Padma-rdo-rje'i Bka'-'bum (The Collected Works (Bka'-'bum) of Gling-chen Ras-pa Padma-rdo-rje) (reproduced from a collection of rare mss. from Go-'jo Nub Dgon), Khampa Gar Sungrab Nyamso Gyunphel Parkhang, Tashijong (Palampur 1985), in 2 vols.

Gold Ms.:  A photocopied version of a 4-volume manuscript of the Bka'-'bum of Phag-mo-gru-pa.  Not yet published.

Goldstein:  Melvyn Goldstein, ed., Tibetan English Dictionary of Modern Tibetan, Ratna Pustak Bhandar (Kathmandu 1983).

Goldstein, History:  Melvyn Goldstein, A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951, University of California Press (Berkeley 1989).

Goldstein, Taxation:  Melvyn Goldstein, Taxation & Structure of a Tibetan Village.  Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 15, no. 1 (June 1971), pp. 1-27.

Gro-lung-pa, Bstan-rim:  Dge-bshes Gro-lung-pa Blo-gros-'byung-gnas, Bde-bar-gshegs-pa'i Bstan-pa Rin-po-che-la 'Jug-pa'i Lam-gyi Rim-pa Rnam-par Bshad-pa.  The only version of this work, dating to circa 1200, available to me (although it is now being published in India), is the one supplied in digital form by Asia Classics Input Project.

Grousset, Empire:  Rene Grousset, The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia (New Jersey 1970).

Gruschke, Amdo:  Andreas Gruschke, The Cultural Monuments of Tibet's Outer Provinces, Amdo, White Lotus (Bangkok 2001), in 2 volumes.

Gser Sbram:  Blo-bzang-chos-grags & Bsod-nams-rtse-mo, eds., Gangs-ljongs Mkhas-dbang Rim-byon-gyi Rtsom-yig Gser-gyi Sbram-bu, Mtsho-sngon Mi-rigs Dpe-skrun-khang (Zi-ling 1988), in 3 vols., pagination continuous.

Guenther, Ecstatic:  Herbert Guenther, Ecstatic Spontaneity: Saraha's Three Cycles of Dohå, Asian Humanities Press (Berkeley 1993).

Gyalzur, Spells:  Losang Paldhen Gyalzur & Antony H. N. Verwey, Spells on the Life-Wood: An Introduction to the Tibetan Buddhist Ceremony of Consecration.  Contained in:  Ria Kloppenborg, ed., Selected Studies on Ritual in the Indian Religions, E.J. Brill (Leiden 1983), pp 169-196.

Gyatso, Apparitions:  Janet Gyatso, Apparitions of the Self: The Secret Autobiographies of a Tibetan Visionary, Princeton University Press (Princeton 1998).

Gzer-myig:  Gzer-mig (the Bon scripture, the medium-lengthed biography of Lord Gshen-rab).

Haarh, Yar-lun:  Erik Haarh, The Yar-lu? Dynasty, G.E.C. Gad (København 1969).

Hackin, Formulaire:  Joseph Hackin, Formulaire sanscrit-tibétain du Xe siècle, Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner (Paris 1924).

Hahn, Grammar:  Lehrbuch der klassischen tibetischen Schriftsprache, Indica et Tibetica series no. 10, Indica et Tibetica Verlag (1971/1985).   An English translation is said to be forthcoming.

Hanson:  'Jam-mgon Kong-sprul, Nges Don Sgron-me, Judith Hanson, tr., The Torch of Certainty, Shambhala, Boulder 1977.  For a Tibetan-language text, see 12 VIII 3-123.

Hartzell, Dissert.:  James F. Hartzell, Tantric Yoga: A Study of the Vedic Precursors, Historical Evolution, Literatures, Cultures, Doctrines, and Practices of the 11th Century Kasmiri Saivite and Buddhist Unexcelled Tantric Yogas, PhD dissertation, Columbia University (1996).

Havnevik, Dissertation:  Hanna Havnevik, The Life of Jetsun Lochen Rinpoche (1865-1951) as Told in Her Autobiography, Faculty of Arts, University of Oslo (Oslo 1999).

History and Doctrine of Bon-po Nispanna Yoga (1968):  History and Doctrine of the Bonpo Ni?panna-yoga, Íatapi†aka Series (Delhi 1968).

Ho-Chin Yang, Annals of Kokonor:  Ho-chin Yang, tr., The Annals of Kokonor, Uralic and Altaic Series no. 106, Indiana University (Bloomington 1969).

Hobson Jobson:  Henry Yule & A. C. Burnell, Hobson-Jobson: The Anglo-Indian Dictionary, Wordsworth Reference (Herfordshire 1996), reprint of 2nd edition of 1902, 1st edition in 1886.

HP,PE:  Hugh Richardson, High Peaks, Pure Earth: Collected Writings on Tibetan History and Culture, Serindia (London 1998).

Huber, Pure Crystal:  Toni Huber, The Cult of Pure Crystal Mountain: Popular Pilgrimage and Visionary Landscape in Southeast Tibet, Oxford University Press (Oxford 1999).

Huber, Sacred Spaces:  Toni Huber, ed., Sacred Spaces and Powerful Places in Tibetan Culture: A Collection of Essays, Library of Tibetan Works & Archives (Dharamsala 1999).

Hübotter/1:  Franz Hübotter, Beiträge zur Kenntnis der chinesischen sowie der tibetische-mongolischen Pharmakologie (Berlin/Wien 1913).

Hübotter/2:  Franz Hübotter, Chinesisch-Tibetische Pharmakologie und Rezeptur, Karl F. Haug Verlag (Donau 1957).

IHQ:  Indian Historical Quarterly (journal).

IIJ:  Indo-Iranian Journal.

Indian Antiquary:  Indian Antiquary (periodical).

Indianisme et Bouddhisme:  Indianisme et Bouddhisme: Mélanges offerts à Mgr Étienne Lamotte, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut Orientaliste (Louvain-la-neuve 1980).

ISTS:  International Seminar on Tibetan Studies (Oxford 1979), Michael Aris & Aung San Suu Kyi, eds., Tibetan Studies in Honour of Hugh Richardson, Aris & Phillips, Ltd. (Warminster 1980).

JA:  Journal Asiatique.

Jackson:  David P. & Janice A. Jackson, Tibetan Thangka Paintings: Methods & Materials,  Shambhala (Boulder 1984).

Jackson, Mollas:  David P. Jackson, The Mollas of Mustang: Historical, Religious and Oratorical Traditions of the Nepalese-Tibetan Borderland, Library of Tibetan Works & Archives (Dharamsala 1984).

Jaeschke:  Heinrich August Jäschke, A Tibetan-English Dictionary, with Special Reference to the Prevailing Dialects, Routledge & Kegan Paul (London 1972), reprint of 1881 edition.

JAOS:  Journal of the American Oriental Society.

JD:    'Jam-dpal-rdo-rje, Gso-byed Bdud-rtsi'i 'Khrul-med Ngos-'dzin Bzo-rig Me-long-du Rnam-par Shar-ba Mdzes Mtshar Mig-rgyan (Added English title: An Illustrated Tibeto-Mongolian Materia Medica of Ayurveda), International Academy of Indian Culture (New Delhi 1971).  

JIABS:  Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies.

'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001):  The Collected Works (Bka'-'bum) of Khams-gsum Chos-kyi Rgyal-po Thub-dbang Ratna-sr¥ (Skyob-pa 'Jig-rten-gsum-mgon).  Tibetan title page:  Khams-gsum Chos-kyi Rgyal-po Thub-dbang Ratna-shrî'i Phyi-yi Bka'-'bum Nor-bu'i Bang-mdzod, H.H. Drikung Kyabgon Chetsang Rinpoche, Drikung Kagyu Institute (Dehradun 2001), in 12 vols.

Jinpa:  Oral explanations by Thubten Jinpa (Montreal 2002).

Jo-bo Brgya-rtsa:  Atißa, Chos-chung Brgya-rtsa (Byang-chub Lam-gyi Sgron-ma sogs Chos-chung Brgya-rtsa, Lama Ngodrup & Sherab Drimey (Paro 1979).

'Jog-ri, Gung-thang Dkar-chag:  'Jog-ri-ba Ngag-dbang-bstan-'dzin,  Gung-thang Dpal-gyi Gtsug-lag-khang / Byung-rabs dang bcas-pa'i Dkar-chag 'Gro-mgon Zhal-lung Bdud-rtsi'i Chu-rgyun, a xylograph print in 76 folio leaves, found in the author's 2-volume Collected Works.  Composed in 1782.

JTS:  Journal of the Tibet Society.

Kailash:  Kailash (Kathmandu).

Kelsang Gyatso, Clear Light of Bliss:  Geshe Kelsang Gyatso, Clear Light of Bliss: Mahamudra in Vajrayana Buddhism, Wisdom Publications (London 1982).

Karmay, Arrow:  Samten G. Karmay, The Arrow and the Spindle: Studies in History, Myths, Rituals and Beliefs in Tibet, Mandala Book Point (Kathmandu 1998).

Karmay, Confucius:  Samten Karmay, A Gzer-mig Version of the Interview between Confucius and Phyva Ke?-tse Lan-med. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, vol. 38 (1975), pp. 562-580. Reprinted in Karmay (1998: 169-189).

Karmay, New Horizons:  S. G. Karmay & Y. Nagano, eds., New Horizons in Bon Studies (Senri Ethnological Reports no. 15), National Museum of Ethnology (Osaka 2000).

Karmay, Great Perfection:  Samten G. Karmay, The Great Perfection (Rdzogs-chen): A Philosophical and Meditative Teaching of Tibetan Buddhism, E.J. Brill (Leiden 1988).

Karmay, Habitants:  Samten G. Karmay & Philippe Sagant, eds., Les Habitants du Toit du Monde, Société d'Ethnologie (Nanterre 1997).

Karmay, Treasury: Samten G. Karmay, The Treasury of Good Sayings: A Tibetan History of Bon, London Oriental Series vol. 26, Oxford University Press (London 1972).

Kaschewsky:  Rudolph Kaschewsky & Pema Tsering, Das Leben der Himmelsfee Gro-ba Bza?-mo, Octapus Verlag (Vienna 1975). Glossary on pp. 81-86.

Kaschewsky2:  Rudolph Kaschewsky & Pema Tsering, Gesars Abwehrkampf gegen Kaschmir.  ZAS, vol. 6 (1972), pp. 273-398.  The glossary is on pp. 394-398.

Katen:  Samten Karmay & Yasuhiko Nagano, eds., A Catalogue of the New Collection of Bonpo Katen Texts [Bon Studies series 4, with indices in 5], National Museum of Ethnology (Osaka, 2001), published in 2 vols.  There may be some confusion, since this abbreviation is used for both the Bon Tanjur (the Bka'-rten, or Katen), and its catalogue.

Kawamura:  Herbert V. Guenther & Leslie S. Kawamura, Mind in Buddhist Psychology, Dharma Publishing (Emeryville 1975).

Kazi:  Lama Dawasamdup Kazi, An English-Tibetan Dictionary containing a Vocabulary of Approximately Twenty Thousand Words with Their Tibetan Equivalents, Oriental Books Reprint Corporation (N.Delhi 1973), reprint of 1919 Calcutta edition.

KB:   Dpal-ldan Gso-ba Rig-pa'i Khog-'bugs Legs-bshad Baidurya'i Me-long Drang-srong Dgyes-pa'i Dga'-ston, by Sde-srid Sangs-rgyas-rgya-mtsho.  Spine title: AYURVEDA IN TIBET.  SSS series no. 4.  Sonam W. Tashigangpa (Leh 1970).

Khangkar, Yellow Annals:  Khang-dkar Tshul-khrims-skal-bzang, Chos Mngon-pa'i Lta-grub 'Phel-rim 'Brel-yod dang bcas-pa'i Dpyad-zhib Mchims Mdzod Mdzes-rgyan (Deb-ther Ser-po), Gangs-ljongs Nang-rig Mthun-tshogs (Kyoto 1992).

Khetsun Sangpo, History:  Khetsun Sangpo, Bod-kyi Rgyal-rabs Sa-'og-nas Brnyes-pa'i Dum Bsgrigs Rna-ba'i Bdud-rtsi ('A Nectar for the Ear: An Early History of Tibet Edited from the Findings Unearthed at the Dunhuang Caves'), Nyingmapa Wishfulfilling Center for Study and Practice (Kathmandu 1986).

Klong-chen-pa:  Klong-chen-pa, Chos-dbyings Rin-po-che'i Mdzod.  References are to chapter and verse numbers.

Kollmar-Paulenz, Schmuck:  Karenina Kollmar-Paulenz, Der Schmuck der Befreiung:  Die Geschichte der Zi byed- und gCod-Schule des tibetischen Buddhismus, Harrassowitz Verlag (Wiesbaden 1993).

Kolmaß, Ch'ing shi kao:  Josef Kolmaß, Ch'ing Shi Kao on Modern History of Tibet (1903-1912).  Archiv Orientalni, vol. 32 (1964), pp. 77-99.

Kong-sprul/1  Yon-tan-rgya-mtsho, Gso-rig Zin-tig Gces-bsdus, Mtsho-sngon Mi-dmangs Dpe-skrun-khang (Xining 1976).

KP:   Khrungs-dpe.  This means the work on botany contained in different manuscript versions in the following 4 publications.

KP1: Gso-spyad Sngo-sbyor Tshogs-kyi Man-ngag Rin-chen 'Khrungs-dpe Bstan-pa (Leh 1974).

KP2: Sngo-sbyor-gyi 'Khrungs-dpe Man-ngag Rin-chen.  Contained in: Bod-kyi Sngo-sman, Library of Tibetan Works & Archives (Dharamsala 1980), pp. 141-233.

KP3: Rin-chen 'Khrungs-dpe.  Contained in: Bod-kyi Sngo-sman [Four Treatises on the Principle and Practice of Tibetan Medicine] (Dharamsala 1980), pp. 235-347.

KP4: Gso Dpyad Sngo Tshogs-gis Man-ngag Rin-chen 'Khrungs-dpe Bsten-pa.  Contained in: Three Tibetan Medical Texts, Tseten Dorji (Tezu 1973), pp. 359-583.

Kreijger, Tibetan Painting:  Hugo E. Kreijger, Tibetan Painting: The Jucker Collection, Serindia (London 2001).

Kretsch.:  Andreas Kretschmar, 'Brug pa kun legs: das wundersame Leben eines verrückten Heiligen, VGH Wissenschaftsverlag (Sankt Augustin 1981). 

Kuijp(1986):  Leonard van der Kuijp, Studies in the Life and Thought of Mkhas-grub-rje IV:  Mkhas-grub-rje on Regionalism and Dialects.  Berliner Indologische Studien, vol. 2 (1986), pp. 23-50.

Kvaerne:  Per Kvaerne, A Chronological Table of the Bonpo, the Bstan rcis of Ñi ma bstan 'jin, Acta Orientalia, vol. 33 (1971), pp. 205-282.

Kvaerne, A-khrid:  Per Kvaerne, Bonpo Studies: The A Khrid System of Meditation, Kailash, vol. 1 (1973), no. 1, pp. 19-50; vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 247-332.

Kvaerne, Bonpo Wheel:  Per Kvaerne, A Bonpo Version of the Wheel of Existence. Contained in: Michel Strickmann, ed., Tantric and Taoist Studies in Honour of R. A. Stein, Institut Belge des Hautes Etudes Chinoises (Bruxelles 1981), vol. 1, pp. 274-289.

Lag-len:  This is probably the following medical text, although this still needs verification:  Kun-dga'-'phrin-las-dpal-ldan, Gso-ba Rig-pa'i Lag-len Gces-rigs Phyogs-gcig-tu Sdebs-pa Gnad-don Gsal-ba Nor-bu'i 'Phreng-ba (A Collection of Important Instructions on Tibetan Medical Practice), Sonam Tashigang (Leh 1977).

Las-chen, Chos-'byung:  Las-chen Kun-dga'-rgyal-mtshan, Bka'-gdams-kyi Rnam-par Thar-pa Bka'-gdams Chos-'byung Gsal-ba'i Sgron-me, B. Jamyang Norbu (New Delhi 1972), in 2 volumes.

Lati Rinbochay, Death:  Lati Rinbochay & Jeffrey Hopkins, Death, Intermediate State and Rebirth, Snow Lion (Ithaca 1985), first published in 1979.

Laufer, Bird Div.: Berthold Laufer, Bird Divination among the Tibetans, T'oung Pao, 2nd series, vol. 15 (1914), pp. 1-110.

Laufer, Kleinere Schriften:  Hartmut Walravens, ed., Kleinere Schriften von Berthold Laufer, Franz Steiner Verlag (Wiesbaden 1979).

Laufer, Sino-Tibetan Studies:  A recent reprint of Berthold Laufer's articles published in India.  Have mislaid the reference for the time being.

Lhalungpa:  Lobsang P. Lhalungpa, tr., The Life of Milarepa, Granada Publishing (London 1979.

Lhasa A:  A version of the Bka'-'bum (Collected Works) of Zhang G.yu-brag-pa Brtson-'grus-grags-pa (1123-1193).  Photocopy of a 4-volume version made in Lhasa.

Liebenthal Festschrift(1957):  Kshitis Roy, ed., Liebenthal Festschrift, (Sino-Indian Studies, vol. 4, pts. 3-4, 1957).

Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area:  Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area (the journal).

Lo-ras-pa, Gsung-'bum:  Smad 'Brug Bstan-pa'i Mnga'-bdag Rgyal-ba Lo-ras-pa Grags-pa-dbang-phyug Mchog-gi Gsung-'bum Rin-po-che, Ven. Khenpo Shedup Tenzin & Lama Thinley Namgyal, Shri Gautam Buddha Vihar (Kathmandu, Nepal 2002), in 5 vols.

Lobsang Dorjee Rabling, Five Treatises:  Lobsang Dorjee Rabling, tr., Five Treatises of Ócårya D¥paµkaraßr¥jñåna (Jo-bo Rjes Mdzad-pa'i Gzhung-tshan Lnga), Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies (Sarnath 1999).

Lobsang Gyatso, Memoirs of a Tibetan Lama:  Lobsang Gyatso, Memoirs of a Tibetan Lama, tr. & ed. by Gareth Sparham, Snow Lion (Ithaca 1998).

Lopez, Heart SËtra Explained:  Donald S. Lopez, Jr., The Heart SËtra Explained: Indian and Tibetan Commentaries, Sri Satguru Publications (Delhi 1990), reprint of 1988 edition.

Lungta:  Lungta, publication of the Amnye Machen Institute (McLeod Ganj).

LW:  Berthold Laufer, 'Loan-words in Tibetan,' Toung Pao, vol. 17 (1916), pp. 403-552.

M.Vy.:  R. Sakaki, Mahåvyutpatti, Shingonshû Kyoto Daigaku (Kyoto 1916).  The numbers given here are entry numbers, not page numbers.

Ma:  Ma-rgyud Sangs-rgyas Rgyud Gsum (=The Three Basic Mother Tantras with Commentaries), Bonpo Monastic Centre (Dolanji 1971).

Man:  Man (the anthropological journal by this name).

Mandala & Landscape:  A.W. Macdonald, ed., Maˆ?ala and Landscape, D.K. Printworld (New Delhi 1997).

Mang-thos, Bstan-rtsis:  Mang-thos Klu-sgrub-rgya-mtsho (1523-1596), Bstan-rtsis Gsal-ba'i Nyin-byed and Tha-snyad Rig-gnas Lnga'i Byung-tshul Blo-gsal Mgrin-rgyan, Bod-yig Dpe Rnying Dpe-skrun-khang (Lhasa 1987).

Manuscripta Orientalia:  Manuscripta Orientalia (journal, St. Petersburg).

Maraini:  Fosco Maraini, Secret Tibet, Hutchinson (London 1952).

McGovern, To Lhasa in Disguise:  W. Montgomery McGovern, To Lhasa in Disguise: An Account of a Secret Expedition through Mysterious Tibet, Thornton Butterworth (London 1924).

Mdo:  Mdo Dbus Mtho Sgang Sman-ris Gsal-ba'i Me-long (Ziling 1973).  This was published in 3 volumes, the first two on botanical, the third on animal-derived medicinals (a significant reference work on botany and zoology, but very difficult to find).

Mdo-'dus:  Mdo-'dus Rin-po-che'i Rgyud Thams-cad Mkhyen-pa'i Bka' Tshad-ma, Khedup Gyatsho, Tibetan Bonpo Monastic Centre (Dolanji 1985), published on the basis of a text from Khyung-po Ri-rtse-drug.

Mdo-sde Me-tog Gsil-ma:  Dpal-mdzes-rgyal-mtshan, Mdo-sde Me-tog Gsil-ma, "A Book of Stories of the Early Bka'-gdams-pa Tradition," Topden Tsering (Delhi 1978).  "Reproduced from an Ancient Manuscript from the Gemur Monastery in Lahul."

Mengele, dGe-'dun-chos-'phel:  Irmgard Mengele, dGe-'dun-chos-'phel: A Biography of the 20th-Century Tibetan Scholar, Library of Tibetan Works & Archives (Dharamsala 1999).

Mkhyen-brtse, Works: The Collected Works of the Great 'Jam-dbyangs Mkhyen-brtse'i-dbang-po (reproduced from a set of prints from Rdzong-gsar blocks) Gonpo Tseten, Palace Monastery (Gangtok 1977).

Mkhyen rab/11:  Mkhyen-rab-nor-bu, Sman-sbyor-gyi Nus-pa Phyogs-bsdus Phan-bde'i Legs-bshad.  Contained in: Fundamentals, pp. 201-247.

Mkhyen-rab-rgya-mtsho 1557:  'Dul-'dzin Mkhyen-rab-rgya-mtsho (= G.yag-sde 'Dul-'dzin), Sangs-rgyas Bstan-pa'i Chos-'byung Dris-lan Smra-ba'i Phreng-ba, Dzongsar Chhentse Labrang, Palace Monastery (Gangtok 1981), in 611 pages (but note that pp. 103-106 are missing).

MTTP:  ?  The reference is lost, unfortunately.

Namdak:  Tenzin Namdak, Rgyal Gshen Rnam-thar (Life of Lord Shenrab) (excerpted from original texts by Tenzin Namdak), Tibetan Bonpo Monastic Centre (Dolanji 1971), in 2 vols.  The vocabulary is at the end of vol. 2.

Namdak, Bzo-rig:  Tenzin Namdak, Bzo-rig Gsal-ba'i Rgyan (Dolanji 1984).  This work was not well distributed, and may be difficult to locate.

Namdak, History of Tibet:  Tenzin Namdak (= Slob-dpon Bstan-'dzin-rnam-dag, b. 1927), Snga-rabs Bod-kyi Byung-ba Brjod-pa'i 'Bel-gtam Lung-gi Snying-po (Dolanji 1983), in 191 pages.  A revised edition published under the same title in 1997 has different pagination.

Nebesky:  Réne de Nebesky-Wojkowitz, Oracles and Demons of Tibet (The Hague 1956).

Ngag-dbang-chos-grags:  Mkhan-chen Ngag-dbang-chos-grags (1572-1641), Sdom-pa Gsum-gyi Rab-tu Dbye-ba'i Rnam-bshad Legs-bshad Zla-'od Nor-bu, T. G. Dhongthog Rimpoche (New Delhi 1978).

Nine Ways:  David Snellgrove, The Nine Ways of Bon: Excerpts from Gzi-brjid Edited and Translated, Prajñå Press (Boulder 1980). First published by Oxford University Press (London 1967).

Nomads:  Namkhai Norbu, A Journey into the Culture of Tibetan Nomads (Bod 'Brog-gi Lam-yig), Shang-Shung Edizioni (Arcidosso 1983).  In Tibetan.  Has now been translated into English.

Norbu, Cycle:  Namkhai Norbu, The Cycle of Day and Night where One Proceeds along the Path of the Primordial Yoga: A Basic Text on the Practice of Dzog chen, tr. & ed. by John M. Reynolds, Zhang Zhung Editions (Oakland 1984).

Norbu, Drung:  Namkhai Norbu, Drung, De'u & Bön: Narrations, Symbolic Languages and the Bön Tradition in Ancient Tibet, Library of Tibetan Works & Archives (Dharamsala 1995), tr. by Andrew Lukianowicz & Adriano Clemente.

Norbu, Dzog Chen and Zen:  Namkhai Norbu, Dzog Chen and Zen, ed. with preface & notes by Kennard Lipman, Zhang Zhung Editions (Oakland 1984).

Norbu Chophel, Folk Culture of Tibet:  Published by the Library of Tibetan Works & Archives (Dharamsala).

Nowak, Tib. Refugees:  Margaret Nowak, Tibetan Refugees: Youth and the New Generation of Meaning, Rutgers University Press (New Brunswick 1984).

Nyang-ral, History (PRC ed.):  Nyang Nyi-ma-'od-zer, Chos-'byung Me-tog Snying-po Sbrang-rtsi'i Bcud (= Gangs-can Rig-mdzod series no. 5), Bod-ljongs Mi-dmangs Dpe-skrun-khang (Lhasa 1988).

OTA:  Old Tibetan Annals (here references are made to the dates of the entries).

P. tib.:  Pelliot tibetaine (Dunhuang manuscripts kept in the Bibliotheque Nationale), with the catalogue number of the text given.  Note that sometimes line numbers are given (generally referring to the total line count, not the line count of one individual leaf), divided from the page number by a decimal point.

Pabongka, Liberation:  Pabongka Rinpoche, Liberation in Our Hands, tr. by Sera Mey Geshe Lobsang Tharchin with Artemus B. Engle, Mahayana Sutra & Tantra Press (Howell 1990-2001), in 3 vols.

Padma-gling-pa, Works: Padma-gling-pa, Collected Gter-ma Rediscoveries of Padma-gling-pa, N. Topgay (New Delhi 1975-7), in 7 vols.

Padma-rig-'dzin, Chos Thams-cad-kyi Spyir Brtags:   Padma-rig-'dzin, Chos Thams-cad-kyi Spyir Btang Dka'-ba'i Gnas-kyi Brjed-byang Gsal-bar Ston-pa Rnam-grangs Rgya-mtsho'i Gter, Lama Dodrup Sangyay (Gangtok 1977).

Past & Present:  Past and Present (the British periodical).

Pelliot, Notes on Marco Polo:  Paul Pelliot, Notes on Marco Polo, Impremerie Nationale, Librarie Adrien-Maisonneuve (Paris 1959).

Perdue, Debate:  Daniel E. Perdue, Debate in Tibetan Buddhism, Snow Lion (Ithaca 1992).

Petech:  Luciano Petech, Aristocracy and Government in Tibet, 1728-1959, IsMEO (Rome 1973).

Petech (1983):  Luciano Petech, Tibetan Relations with Sung China and with the Mongols.  Contained in: Morris Rossabi, ed., China Among Equals, University of California Press (Berkeley 1983), pp. 173-203. 

Pha-dam-pa dang Ma-cig(PRC 1992):  Chos-kyi-seng-ge & Gang-pa, Pha-dam-pa dang Ma-cig Lab-sgron-gyi Rnam-thar, Mtsho-sngon Mi-rigs Dpe-skrun-khang (Xining 1992).

Pho-brang Po-ta-la(1988):  Lost reference.

Pho-brang Po-ta-la(1994/5):  Pho-brang Po-ta-la (The Potala), Krung-go'i Rig-gnas Kun-btus Dpe-deb Chen-mo'i Dpe-skrun-khang (Encyclopedia of China Publishing House) (Beijing 1994/5).

Po-ta-la(1996):  Gangs-ljongs Gnas-mchog Pho-brang Po-ta-la, Khrung-go Yul-skor Dpe-skrun-khang (Beijing 1996).

Poussin, Tib. Ms.:  Louis de la Vallée Poussin, Catalogue of the Tibetan Manuscripts from Tun-huang in the India Office Library, Oxford University Press (Oxford 1962).

Precious Deposits:  Precious Deposits: Historical Relics of Tibet, China, Morning Glory Publishers (Beijing 2000), in 5 vols.

Rdo Grub-chen III, Works:  Rdo Grub-chen III 'Jigs-med-bstan-pa'i-nyi-ma, The Collected Works of Grub-chen III 'Jigs-med-bstan-pa'i-nyi-ma,  Dodrup Chen Rimpoche (Gangtok 1974-5), in 5 vols.

Richardson, Corpus:  H. E. Richardson, A Corpus of Early Tibetan Inscriptions, Royal Asiatic Society (London 1985).

Rnying Rgyud 1973:  Rnying-ma'i Rgyud-'bum (reproduced from a manuscript preserved at Gting-skyes Dgon-pa Byang Monastery in Tibet), Dingo Khyentse Rimpoche (Thimphu 1973), in 36 vols.

Rnying Rgyud 1982:  The Mtshams-brag Manuscript of the Rnying-ma'i Rgyud-'bum, Bhutan National Library (Thimphu 1982), in 44 vols.

Rock, Någa Cult:  Joseph Rock, The Na-khi Någa Cult and Related Ceremonies, Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente (Rome 1952).

Roesler, Dpe:  Ulrike Roesler, Der dPe chos rin chen spu?s pa'i btus mi? - eine Quelle zur tibetisch-mongolischen Lexographie und Schriftkunde.  Contained in: D. Dimitrov, U. Roesler & R. Steiner, eds., Sikhisamuccayah: Indian & Tibetan Studies (Collectanea Marpurgensia Indologica et Tibetica), Arbeitskreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien, Universität Wien (Wien 2002), pp. 151-173.  Glossary by Chos-rje Lcam-sring-skyabs (copy in St. Petersburg collection).

Prescriptions:  The basic medicinal recipe book, translated with Thubten J. Norbu.  Bibliographical reference to the original publication temporarily mislaid.  I believe it is in Fundamentals, q.v.

Rhies & Thurman:  Marylin M. Rhie & Robert A.F. Thurman, et al., Wisdom and Compassion: The Sacred Art of Tibet, Harry N. Abrams (New York 1991).  A newer edition is now available.

RR:  Rechung Rinpoche, Tibetan Medicine, University of California Press (Berkeley 1976).

Rtse-le:  Rtse-le Rgod-tshang-pa Sna-tshogs-rang-grol, The Complete Works of Rtse-le Rgod-tshang-pa Padma-legs-grub, Mgon-po-tshe-brtan (Gangtok 1979), in 8 vols.

Ruegg:  D.S. Ruegg, The Life of Bu-ston Rin-po-che, Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente (Rome 1966).

Sa Pan, Mchan:  Sa-skya Paˆ?i-ta Kun-dga'-rgyal-mtshan, Sdom-pa Gsum-gyi Rab-tu Dbye-ba'i Bstan-bcos (=Sdom Gsum Rang Mchan 'Khrul-med), Ngawang Topgyal (New Delhi 1987).

Samdo A: A 6-volume manuscript of Zhang G.yu-brag-pa's Collected Works (Bka'-'bum), original kept at Samdo Monastery in Nepal.  Printed from microfilms supplied by the German-Nepalese Manuscript Preservation Project.

Sandberg, Tibet:  Graham Sandberg, Tibet and the Tibetans, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (London 1906).

SBKK:  Kong-sprul Yon-tan-rgya-mtsho, Shes-bya Kun Khyab (=Theg-pa'i Sgo Kun-las Btus-pa Gsung-rab Rin-po-che'i Mdzod bslab-pa Gsum Legs-par Ston-pa'i Bstan-bcos Shes-bya Kun Khyab) Mi-rigs Dpe-skrun-khang (Beijing 1985), in 3 vols.  Ed. by Rdo-rje-rgyal-po & Thub-bstan-nyi-ma.

SBTD:  Mi-rigs Dpe-mdzod-khang-gi Dpe-tho-las Gsung-'bum Skor-gyi Dkar-chag Shes-bya Gter-mdzod, Si-khron Mi-rigs Dpe-skrun-khang (Chengdu 1984+), in 3 vols.

Schmied:  Hanna Rauber-Schweizer, Der Schmied und sein Handwerk im traditionellen Tibet, Rikon Institut (Zürich 1976).

Schwartz, Circle of Protest:  Ronald D. Schwartz, Circle of Protest: Political Ritual in the Tibetan Uprising, Motilal Banarsidass (Delhi 1994).

Sde-srid/1:  Sde-srid Sangs-rgyas-rgya-mtsho, Dpal-ldan Gso-ba Rig-pa'i Khog-'bugs Legs-bshad Bai-dËrya'i Me-long Drang-srong Dgyes-pa'i Dga'-ston, Sonam W. Tashigangpa (Leh 1970).

Sde-srid/2:  Sde-srid Sangs-rgyas-rgya-mtsho, Gso-ba Rig-pa'i Bstan-bcos Sman-bla'i Dgongs-rgyan Rgyud-bzhi'i Gsal-byed Bai-dËrya'i Me-long Drang-srong Dgyes-pa'i Dga'-ston, Sonam W. Tashigangpa (Leh 1970).

Sdom Gsum(1971): Sa-skya Paˆ?i-ta Kun-dga'-rgyal-mtshan, Sdom-pa Gsum-gyi Rab-tu Dbye-ba'i Bstan-bcos (n.p. 1971?).  This work is also found in his Collected Works (vol. 5 of the Sa-skya Bka'-'bum, Toyo Bunko [Tokyo 1969]), pp. 297-320.

SFHB:  Sources for a History of Bon, Tenzin Namdak, Tibetan Bonpo Monastic Centre (Dolanji 1972).

Sga:  Sga-ston Tshul-khrims rgyal-mtshan, Kun-las Btus-pa Srid-pa'i Mdzod-phug-gi Gzhung 'Grel, Tibetan Bonpo Monastic Centre (Dolanji 1974).

Sga-ston, Gter-gyis Kha-byang:  Sga-ston Tshul-khrims-rgyal-mtshan, Gter-gyis Kha-byang.  A 45-folio manuscript is kept in Library of Tibetan Works and Archives (Dharamsala), Accessions no. 17765.

Sgra 'Grel:  This refers to part 2 (with its own separate pagination) of the following publication:  Mdzod-phug: Basic Verses and Commentary by Dran-pa-nam-mkha', Tenzin Namdak (Delhi 1966).

Shåkya-mchog-ldan, Works:  The Complete Works (Gsung-'bum) of Gser-mdog Paˆ-chen Íåkya-mchog-ldan, Kunzang Tobgey (Thimphu 1975), in 24 vols.

Silk, Dissert.:  Jonathan Alan Silk, The Origins and Early History of the MahåratnakË†a Tradition of Mahåyåna Buddhism with a Study of the RatnaråßisËtra and Related Materials, Doctoral Dissertation, The University of Michigan (Ann Arbor 1994).

Singh:  Thakur Balwant Singh, Glossary of Vegetable Drugs in B®hattray¥, Chowkhamba (Varanasi 1972).

SKC:  Khod-spo Blo-gros-thogs-med, Srid-pa Rgyud-kyi Kha-byang Chen-mo, Lopon Tenzin Namdak, Tibetan Bonpo Monastic Centre (Dolanji 1976).

Skorupski, TA:  Tadeuz Skorupski, Tibetan Amulets, White Orchid Press (Bangkok 1983).

Sky Dancer:  Keith Dowman, tr., Sky Dancer: The Secret Life and Songs of the Lady Yeshey Tsogyel, Routledge & Kegan Paul (London 1984).

Slob-dpon Bsod-nams-rtse-mo, Writings on the Hevajra & Cakrasamvara:  Sa-skya-pa Slob-dpon Bsod-nams-rtse-mo, Miscellaneous Writings on the Hevajra and Cakrasamvara Tantras (title on the outer boards:  Writings on the Hevajra & Cakrasamvara), Sakya Centre (Dehradun 1985).

Slovar':  Slovar' tibetsuo-latino-russkii nazvanij lekarstvennogo rastitel'nogo syr'ja, primenjaemogo v tibetskoj meditsine, A. F. Gammerman & B. V. Semicov (Ulan-Ude 1963).

Smith, Catalogue:  E. Gene Smith, University of Washington Tibetan Catalogue, vols. 1-2 (Seattle 1969).  This mimeograph publication, sometimes bound as one volume, is quite difficult to locate (check with major U.S. university or research libraries).

Snellgrove, Asian Commitment:  David Snellgrove, Asian Commitment: Travels and Studies in the Indian Sub-Continent and South-East Asia, Orchid Press (Bangkok 2000).

Snellgrove & Skorupski, Cultural History of Ladakh:  David Snellgrove and Tadeusz Skorupski, The Cultural Heritage of Ladakh, Volume I: Central Ladakh, Aris & Phillips  (Warminster 1977). The Cultural Heritage of Ladakh, Volume II: Zangskar and the Cave Temples of Ladakh, Aris & Phillips (Warminster 1980).

Sobisch, Dissert.:  Jan-Ulrich Sobisch, Three-Vow Theories in Tibetan Buddhism: A Comparative Study of Major Traditions from the Twelfth through Nineteenth Centuries, Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag (Wiesbaden 2002).  I made use of this dissertation in its pre-published form, making page references rather useless.

Sog-bzlog-pa, Collected Works:  Collected Works of Sog-bzlog-pa Blo-gros-rgyal-mtshan (reproduced from an incomplete dbu-can manuscript from the library of Ven. Bdud-'joms Rin-po-che), Sanje Dorji (Delhi 1975).

Soundings:  Barbara Nimri Aziz & Matthew Kapstein, eds., Soundings in Tibetan Civilization, Manohar (Delhi 1985).

Sources:  Michael Aris, Sources for the History of Bhutan, Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde (Vienna 1986).

SRZT:  Yon-tan-rgya-mtsho (Kong-sprul), Gso-rig Zin-tig Gces-bsdus (Xining 1976).

SS:  Sde-srid Sangs-rgyas-rgya-mtsho, Gso-ba Rig-pa'i Bstan-bcos Sman-bla'i Dgongs-rgyan Rgyud Bzhi'i Gsal-byed Bai-?Ër Sngon-po'i Ma-lli-kå (reproduced from a print of the 1888-1892 blocks preserved in the Lha-sa Lcags-po-ri Rig-byed 'Gro-phan-gling), SSS series no. 51, T. Y. Tashigangpa (Leh 1973), in 2 vols.  Vol. I, chapter 20 (pp. 393-547) is on materia medica. 

ST:  Sangye Tenzin Jongdong, abbot of Sman-ri Monastery in Dolanji, oral information

Stein:  Rolf A. Stein, Vocabulaire tibétaine de la biographie de 'Brug-pa Kun-legs,  Zentral-asiatische Studien, vol. 8 (1974), pp. 129-178.

Stein, Gesar:  R.A. Stein, L'Épopée tibétaine de Gesar, Annales du Musée Guimet,  vol. 61 (1956), pp. 354-399.  Its glossary was not used here, although it should have been.

Stein, Recherches:  R.A. Stein, Recherches sur l'épopée et le barde au Tibet, Presses Universitaires de France (Paris 1959).

Stein, Tibetica Antiqua I:  R.A. Stein, 'Tibetica Antiqua I: Les deux vocabulaires des traductions indo-tibétaine et sino-tibétaine dans les manuscrits de Touen-houang,  Bulletin de l'Ecole Française d'Extréme Orient, vol. 72 (1983), pp.  149-223.

Stein, Trente-trois:  R.A. Stein, Trente-trois fiches de divination tibétaines.  Harvard Journal of Asian Studies (1939), pp. 318-321.

Studholme, Origins:  Alexander Studholme, The Origins of Oµ Maˆipadma HËµ: A Study of the Kåraˆ?avyËha SËtra, State University of New York Press (Albany 2002).

Sujata, Dissert.: Victoria Sujata, A Commentary on the Mgur-'bum (Collected Songs of Spiritual Realization) of Skal-ldan-rgya-mtsho, a Seventeenth Century Scholar and Siddha from Amdo, doctoral dissertation, Harvard University (2003).

SËryacandråya:  P. Harrison & G. Schopen, eds., Sûryacandråya: Essays in Honour of Akira Yuyama (Swisttal-Odendorf 1998).

T&BS:  L. Ligeti, ed., Tibetan and Buddhist Studies Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the Birth of Alexander Csoma de Koros, Akadémiai KiadA (Budapest 1984), in 2 vols.

Text:  This refers to a medical formulary that I translated with T.J. Norbu in the early 1980's.  It's by Mkhyen-rab-nor-bu, and contains recipes for compounded drugs used in Tibetan medicine (I believe it was in a Euro-format orange-cover book published in India, probably to be found in Fundamentals, q.v.).

TH&L: Ernst Steinkellner, ed., Tibetan History and Language: Studies Dedicated to Uray Géza on His Seventieth Birthday, Arbeitskreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien Universität Wien (Vienna 1991).

Thondup, BM:  Tulku Thondup Rinpoche, Buddha Mind: An Anthology of Longchen Rabjam's Writings on Dzogpa Chenpo, Snow Lion (Ithaca 1989).

Thondup, EL:  Tulku Thondup, Enlightened Living: Teachings of Tibetan Buddhist Masters, Shambhala (Boston 1990).

Thondup, TTN:  Tulku Thondup, The Tantric Tradition of the Nyingmapa, Buddhayana (Marion 1984).

Three Tibetan Medical Texts:  Tseten Dorje (Tshe-brtan-rdo-rje), Three Tibetan Medical texts from the Library of Ri-bo-che Rje-drung Rin-po-che of Padma-bkod (1973).

Thurman:  Robert A.F. Thurman, The Speech of Gold: Reason and Enlightenment in the Tibetan Buddhism, Motilal Banarsidass (Delhi 1989).  Contains a translation of Tsong-kha-pa's Legs-bshad Snying-po.

Tibet Soc. Newsletter:  Tibet Society Newsletter (Bloomington).

TJ:  Tibet Journal (Dharamsala).  Issued quarterly.

TM-BH: Dr. Yeshe Donden (tr. Gyatsho Tshering), Tibetan Medicine, a Brief History, Tibet Society Bulletin, vol. 5 (1972), pp. 7-24.

TMC:  Bdud-rtsi Sman-gyi Phan-yon Ngo-mtshar 'Phrul-gyi Me-long (=The Gist Prescriptions of Tibetan Traditional Medicines). Tibetan Medical Centre (Dharamsala 1972).

TMP: Y. Parfionovitch,  F. Meyer & Gyurme Dorje, eds., Tibetan Medical Paintings, Illustrations of the Blue Beryl Treatise of Sangye Gyamtso (1653-1705), Harry N. Abrams (New York 1992), in 2 vols.

TPS:  Giuseppe Tucci, Tibetan Painted Scrolls, Rinsen Book Company (Kyoto 1980), reprint of 1940 edition.  A more recent reprint done in Bangkok.

TR:  Tibetan Review (New Delhi).  Issued monthly.

TS5:  Tibetan Studies: Proceedings of the 5th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Narita 1989, Naritasan Shinshoji (Narita 1992), in 2 vols.

TS6:  Per Kvaerne, ed., Tibetan Studies: Proceedings of the 6th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Fagernes 1992, The Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture (Oslo 1994), in 2 vols.

TS7: Helmut Krasser, Michael T. Much, Ernst Steinkellner, Helmut Tauscher, eds., Tibetan Studies I & II: Proceedings of the 7th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Graz 1995, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Wien 1997), vols. 1 and 2.  The other volumes have editors and titles as follows:  

vol. 3:  Helmut Eimer, ed., Transmission of the Tibetan Canon: Papers Presented at a Panel of the 7th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Graz 1995 Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Wien 1997).

vol. 4:  Frank J. Korom, ed., Tibetan Culture in the Diaspora: Papers Presented at a Panel of the 7th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Graz 1995 Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Wien 1997).

vol. 5:  Graham E. Clarke, ed., Development, Society, and Environment in Tibet:  Papers Presented at a Panel of the 7th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Graz 1995 Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Wien 1997).

vol. 6:  Anne-Marie Blondeau, ed., Tibetan Mountain Deities, Their Cults and Representations: Proceedings of the 7th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Graz 1995 Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Wien 1998).

vol. 7:  Deborah Klimburg-Salter & Eva Allinger, eds., The Middle Asian International Style, 12th-14th Century: Proceedings of the 7th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Graz 1995 Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Wien 1998).

TS9:  vol. 1:  Henk Blezer, ed., Tibet, Past and Present: Tibetan Studies I, Brill (Leiden 2002).

vol. 2:  Henk Blezer, ed., Religion & Secular Culture in Tibet (Tibetan Studies II), Brill (Leiden 2002).

vol. 3:  John Ardussi & Henk Blezer, eds., Impressions of Bhutan & Tibetan Art (Tibetan Studies III), Brill (Leiden 2002).

vol. 4:  Lawrence Epstein, ed., Khams pa Histories: Visions of People, Place & Authority, Brill (Leiden 2002).

vol. 5:  Toni Huber, ed., Amdo Tibetans in Transition: Society & Culture in the Post-Mao Era, Brill (Leiden 2002).

vol. 6:  Christopher I. Beckwith, ed., Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages, Brill (Leiden 2002).

vol. 7:  Deborah Klimburg-Salter & Eva Allinger, eds., Buddhist Art & Tibetan Patronage: Ninth to Fourteenth Centuries, Brill (Leiden 2002).

vol. 8:  P. Christiaan Klieger, ed., Tibet, Self, and the Tibetan Diaspora: Voices of Difference, Brill (Leiden 2002).

vol. 9:  Katia Buffetrille & Hildegard Diemberger, eds., Territory & Identity in Tibet and the Himalayas, Brill (Leiden 2002).

vol. 10:  Helmut Eimer & David Germano, eds., The Many Canons of Tibetan Buddhism, Brill (Leiden 2002).

TSB:  Tibet Society Bulletin (periodical, Bloomington).

Tsering Shakya, Dragon:  Tsering Shakya, The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet since 1947, Columbia University Press (New York 1999).

Tshad Rig:  Bod Rgya Tshad-ma Rig-pa'i Tshig-mdzod, Si-khron Mi-rigs Dpe-skrun-khang (Chengdu 1987). Dictionary of Buddhist logic. This is little more than a set of extracts from Yisun, and so hasn't been of very much use.

Tshe-mchog-gling Yongs-'dzin, Works:  Tshe-mchog-gling Ye-shes-rgyal-mtshan (1713-1793), The Collected Works (Gsung-'bum) of Tshe-mchog-gling Yongs-'dzin Ye-shes-rgyal-mtshan, Tibet House (New Delhi 1974+).

Tucci, Lhasa:  Giuseppe Tucci, To Lhasa and Beyond, Istituto Poligrafico dello Stato (Rome 1956).

Tucci, Minor Buddhist Texts:  Giuseppe Tucci, Minor Buddhist Texts, Parts I & II, Motilal Banarsidass (Delhi 1986). First published in 1956.

Tucci, Religions:  Giuseppe Tucci, The Religions of Tibet, tr. by Geoffrey Samuel, Allied Publishers (Bombay 1980).

Tucci, Tibetan Folk Songs:  Giuseppe Tucci, Tibetan Folk Songs from Gyantse and Western Tibet (Ascona 1966).  Namkhai Norbu is author of the parts mainly used here.

Turner, An Account of an Embassy:  Captain Samuel Turner, An Account of an Embassy to the Court of the Teshoo Lama in Tibet, Mañjußr¥ Publishing House (N. Delhi 1971), reprint of London edition of 1800.

Ural-Altaischer Jahrbücher:  Ural-Altaischer Jahrbücher (an annual journal).

Uray, Earliest Evidence:  Geza Uray, The Earliest Evidence of the Use of the Chinese Sexagenary Cycle in Tibetan.  Contained in:  T&BS, vol. 2, pp. 341-360.

Uray, Narrative:  Geza Uray, The Narrative of Legislation and Organization of the Mkhas-pa'i Dga'-ston: The Origins of the Traditions Concerning Sron-brcan Sgam-po as First Legislator and Organizer of Tibet.  AOH, vol. 26 (1972), pp. 11-68.

Utpal:  Rdzogs-chen Mkhan-po Thub-bstan-snyan-grags, Bod-kyi Brda'i Bye-brag Gsal-bar Byed-pa'i Bstan-bcos Mkhas-pa'i Ngag-gi Sgron-ma'i 'Grel-pa Utpal Gzhon-nu'i Phreng-ba (a commentary on Dpal-khang Lo-tså-ba's dictionary of Tibetan, reproduced from a Rdzogs-chen print from the library of Mkhan-po Zla-zer), Bla-ma Zla-ba and Sherab Gyaltsen, Palace Monastery (Gangtok 1983).

Vai.Dkar.:  Sde-srid Sangs-rgyas-rgya-mtsho (1653-1705), Bai-dËrya Dkar-po (Phug-lugs Rtsis-kyi Legs-bshad Mkhas-pa'i Mgul-rgyan Bai-dËr Dkar-po'i Do-shal Dpyod-ldan Snying-nor), Sakya Centre (Dehra Dun 1978), in 2 vols.

Vai. Ser.:   Sde-srid Sangs-rgyas-rgya-mtsho, VaidËrya-ser-po, parts 1-2, & Annals of Kokonor by Sum-pa Mkhan-po Ye-shes-dpal-'byor (Íatapi†aka series no. 12), International Academy of Indian Culture (New Delhi 1960).

Velm:  Csoma de Körös Memorial Symposium,  Proceedings of the Csoma de Körös Memorial Symposium held at Velm-Vienna, Austria, 13-19 Sept 1981, Arbeitskreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien, Universität Wien (Vienna 1983).

Vitali, Kingdoms:  Roberto Vitali, The Kingdoms of Gu-ge Pu-hrang:  According to Mnga'-ris Rgyal-rabs by Gu-ge Mkhan-chen Ngag-dbang-grags-pa, Tho-ling Dpal Dpe-med Lhun-gyis Grub-pa'i Gtsug-lag-khang Lo 1000 'Khor-ba'i Rjes-dran Mdzad-sgo'i Go-sgrig Tshogs-chung (Dharamsala 1996).

Vitali, Tho.ling:  Roberto Vitali, Records of Tho.ling: A Literary and Visual Reconstruction of the 'Mother' Monastery in Gu.ge, High Asia (McLeod Ganj 1999).

Vostrikov, Critical:  Andrei Vostrikov, Some Corrections and Critical Remarks on Dr. Johan van Manen's Contribution to the Bibliography of Tibet, Bulletin of the School of Oriental & African Studies, vol. 8 (1935-7), pp. 51-76.

Waddell, Lhasa:  L. Austine Waddell, Lhasa and Its Mysteries, with a Record of the British Tibetan Expedition of 1903-1904, Dover (New York 1988), reprint of 1905 edition.

Waddell, Tibetan Buddhism:  L. Austine Waddell, Tibetan Buddhism with Its Mystic Cults, Symbolism and Mythology, Dover Publications (New York 1972), reprint of the 1895 edition entitled The Buddhism of Tibet, or Lamaism.

Wayman, Buddhist Tantras:  Alex Wayman, The Buddhist Tantras: Light on Indo-Tibetan Esotericism, Samuel Weiser (New York 1973).

Wayman, Yoga of Guhyasamåja:  Alex Wayman, Yoga of the Guhyasamåjatantra: The Arcane Lore of Forty Verses, Motilal Banarsidass (Delhi 1991).  Reprint of 1977 edition.

White, Alchemical Body:  David Gordon White, The Alchemical Body: Siddha Traditions in Medieval India, University of Chicago Press (Chicago 1996).

White Crystal:  Ngag-dbang-skal-ldan-rgya-mtsho, Shel dkar chos 'byung:  History of the 'White Crystal' - Religion and Politics of Southern La stod, translation and facsimile edition of the Tibetan text by Pasang Wangdu and Hildegard Diemberger, in cooperation with Guntram Hazod, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, Denkschriften, 252. Band, and Academy of Social Sciences of the Autonomous Region Tibet, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Vienna 1996).

Willis, Diamond:  Janice D. Willis, The Diamond Light: An Introduction to Tibetan Buddhist Meditations, Simon & Schuster (NY 1972).

Wylie:  Turrell V. Wylie, The Geography of Tibet according to the 'Dzam-gling Rgyas-bshad, Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente (Rome 1962)

Wylie(1977):  Turrell V. Wylie, The First Mongol Conquest of Tibet Reinterpreted, Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, vol. 37 (1977), pp. 103-133.

WZKM:  Wiener Zeitschrift zur Kunde des Morgenlandes.

Yisun:  Zhang Yisun (1893-1983), et al., Bod Rgya Tshig-mdzod Chen-mo, Mi-rigs Dpe-skrun-khang (Beijing 1985).  Has been reprinted a number of times.

YTTM:  A medical work, evidently.  Yu-thok's Tibetan Medicine??

Yules-Cordier, Marco Polo:  The Travels of Marco Polo: The Complete Yule-Cordier Edition, Dover Publications (New York 1993).

Zangpo, Robes:  Ven. Khenpo Lhodo Zangpo (Blo-gros-bzang-po), Robes and Requisites.  The Profound Path of Peace (publication of the International Kagyü Sangha Association), vol. 9 (xxxx), pp. xx-xx; vol. 12 (February 1993), pp. 35-47.

Zangpo, Sacred Ground:  Ngwang Zangpo, Sacred Ground: Jamgon Kongtrul on Pilgrimage and Sacred Geography, Snow Lion (Ithaca 2001).

ZAS: Zentralasiatische Studien(Bonn).

Zhi-byed Coll.:  Kun-dga', et al., The Tradition of Pha Dampa Sangyas: A Treasured Collection of His Teachings Transmitted by T[h]ug[s]-sras Kun-dga', Kunsang Tobgey (Thimphu, Bhutan), in 5 volumes, with English preface by Barbara N. Aziz.

ZZ:  Zhang-zhung Snyan-brgyud.  Lost reference to the actual source used.