Fixed phonetics code to strip post-suffix d (bug 800167 in
SourceForge). Implemented (somewhat kludgily) option for phonetics scheme to replace e with é iff it is the last letter of the last tsheg bar. This is required by the new THDL phonetics spec. New algorithm, per new THDL phonetics spec, for ba->wa processing. The heuristic is that it applies only to the last tsheg bar in multi-tsheg-bar words. (Previously, ba always generated "?ba/wa?", which is maybe more correct but less attractive.) This heuristic fails on, e.g., "tsheg bar". Oh well. Rationalized format of phonetics file: > is used as separator in exceptions as well as rules. (Previously, : was used in exceptions only.)
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@ -96,20 +96,14 @@ x ng
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; pronunciation (which may also contain spaces). A semicolon
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; precedes a comment. Blank lines are OK.
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ba : wa ; mind you, ba (pronounced ba) means cow. But that's much rarer than wa.
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bo : wo
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ba'i : wa'i
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bo'i : wo'i
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bar : ?bar/war? ; bar = "middle"; could be either, so supply both and let user sort it out
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bor : ?bor/wor? ; bor = "cast away"; could be either, so supply both and let user sort it out
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rdo rje : dorjé
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mkha' 'gro : khandro
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sku mnye : kumnyé
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sprul sku : tulku
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mtsho rgyal : tsogyèl
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rta mgrin: tamdrin
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dga' ldan : ganden
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dge 'dun : gendün
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a mdo : amdo
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srid pa : sipa
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pad ma : pèma
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rdo rje > dorjé
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mkha' 'gro > khandro
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sku mnye > kumnyé
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sprul sku > tulku
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mtsho rgyal > tsogyèl
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rta mgrin> tamdrin
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dga' ldan > ganden
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dge 'dun > gendün
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a mdo > amdo
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srid pa > sipa
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pad ma > pèma
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@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ klad pa > l
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glog > log
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le'u > lé'u
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pa'ang > pa'ang
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ba'i > wa'i
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bar ba'i > barwa'i
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rta mgrin > tamdrin
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; Other tests, to exercise particular rules in the grammar that aren't covered in the rules above
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@ -18,16 +18,26 @@
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; compactly. For example, it would be difficult to capture the
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; effects of preinitial consonants on tone (as in the scheme used
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; in Joe Wilson's book, for instance).) Also note that not even the
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; whole of the present scheme is implemented using these rules. In
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; particular, the deletion of prefix and superscript consonants,
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; whole of the present scheme is implemented using these rules. For
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; example, the deletion of prefix and superscript consonants,
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; and of wa-zur, are done in program code, not using the rules here.
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; This makes e come out é only when the last letter in a "word" (*not*
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; syllable). Our grammar engine is not nearly powerful enough to do
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; this in a clean way.
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<?Enable THDL final é kludge?>
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; Miscellaneous prefix transformations
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g. ; delete this (representing g prefix, used before root y only)
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dby y ; must come before db->w, for dbyang
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dbr r ; must come before db->w, for dbral
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db w ; must come before by->j
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; Removal of confusing 'h's
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th t
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ph p
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tsh ts
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; c and ch are both transcribed ch. To get this we need a kludge
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; (involving x), because the rule c -> ch would apply recursively.
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ch c
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@ -42,10 +52,10 @@ my ny
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; Retroflexes
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kr tr
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khr thr
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khr tr
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gr dr
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pr tr
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phr thr
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phr tr
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br dr
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; Other bad behavior from R
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@ -55,7 +65,7 @@ sr s
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; Uniquely random case
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zl d
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; Umlaut of a, o, u followed by d, n, l, s
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; Umlaut of a, o, u followed by d, n, l, s, and 'i
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; Note: this must be done before suffix-stripping.
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; Before actually doing the umlaut, we "hide" the n in ng, so that ng doesn't
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; induce umlaut. This is gross; if we had a real grammar engine it wouldn't
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@ -65,17 +75,24 @@ ad e
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an en
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al el
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as e
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a'i e
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od ö
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on ön
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ol öl
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os ö
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o'i ö
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ud ü
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un ün
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ul ül
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us ü
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u'i ü
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; restore ng
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x ng
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; Stripping of 'i from e'i
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; (It is stripped from a, o, u by umlaut rules, and from i by vowel-doubling rule.)
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e'i e
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; Stripping of suffix d, s, and ' from i and e
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; Note: this has already been done by the umlaut rules for some cases,
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; which don't need to be repeated here.
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@ -112,22 +129,27 @@ ub up
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; There is one exception per line. Each exception consists of
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; the transliteration (which may be several syllables separated
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; by spaces), followed by a space, a colon, a space, and the
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; by spaces), followed by a space, a greater-than, a space, and the
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; pronunciation (which may also contain spaces). A semicolon
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; precedes a comment. Blank lines are OK.
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ba : wa ; mind you, ba (pronounced ba) means cow. But that's much rarer than wa.
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bo : wo
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ba'i : wai
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bo'i : woi
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bar : ?bar/war? ; bar = "middle"; could be either, so supply both and let user sort it out
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bor : ?bor/wor? ; bor = "cast away"; could be either, so supply both and let user sort it out
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rdo rje : dorje
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mkha' 'gro : khandro
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sprul sku : tulku
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rta mgrin: tamdrin
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dga' ldan : ganden
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dge 'dun : gendün
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a mdo : amdo
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blo bzang : lobzang
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sbra nag zhol : banakzhöl
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mkha' 'gro > khandro
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sprul sku > tulku
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rta mgrin > tamdrin
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dga' ldan > ganden
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dge 'dun > gendün
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a mdo > amdo
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bka' 'gyur > kangyur
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rgyu 'bras > gyundré
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ngos 'dzin > ngöndzin
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chab mdo > chamdo
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dpal ldan > penden
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dpal 'bar > pembar
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rig 'dzin > rindzin
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skyabs 'gro > kyamdro
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'bri ru > biru
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sbra nag zhol > banakzhöl
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rdo rje > dorje
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o rgyan > orgyen
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lha rje > lharjé
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rgyal rtse > gyantsé
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@ -1,72 +1,120 @@
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;
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; These examples come from the draft (8/21/03) THDL Phonetics document
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; These examples mostly come from the THDL Phonetics document (Jan 2004 draft)
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;
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lha sa > lhasa
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dag pa > dakpa
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ring po > ringpo
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rin chen > rinchen
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lab > lap
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dum bu > dumbu
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dmar po > marpo
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ril bu > rilbu
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sa skya pa > sakyapa
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blo bzang > lobzang
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blo bzang > lozang
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rnying ma pa > nyingmapa
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rdo rje > dorje
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rdo rje > dorjé
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dge lugs pa > gelukpa
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gzhis ka rtse > zhikatse
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mar me > marme
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gzhis ka rtse > zhikatsé
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mar me > marmé
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dge bshes > geshé
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bcu > chu
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lce > che
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rin chen bzang po > rinchenzangpo
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gcig pa > chikpa
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nag chu > nakchu
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bka' rgyud pa > kagyüpa
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'phag pa > pakpa
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gser thang > sertang
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khang tshan > khangtsen
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lce > ché
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rin chen bzang po > rinchenzangpo
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bka' rgyud > kagyü
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bsod nams> sönam
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thub bstan > thupten
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yul > yül
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dus tshod > dütsö
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bon po > bönpo
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sde dge > degé
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brgyad > gyé
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dge rgan > gegen
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ral pa can > relpachen
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tshe ring > tsering
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byes > jé
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bstan 'dzin > tendzin
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'jam dpal dbyangs > jampelyang
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dge legs > gelek
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kha btags > khatak
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sngags pa > ngakpa
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byang chub > jangchup
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thub bstan > tupten
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tabs > tap
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bka' shag > kashak
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sbra nag zhol > banakzhöl
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thabs > thap
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thabs > tap
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lha sa ba > lhasawa
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jo bo > jowo
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dpa' bo > pawo
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spyan ras gzig > chenrezik
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gsal bar > selwar
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; nga'i deb > ngé dep -- can't do this one, it depends on word segmentation
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bar ba > barwa
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spyan ras gzig > chenrezik
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phyag > chak
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sbyin bdag > jindak
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smyong > nyong
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dmyal ba > nyelwa
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sgrol ma > drölma
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rten 'brel > tendrel
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'bras spungs > drepung
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'phrin las > thrinle
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dbang > wang
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dbral > rel
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dbyar kha > yarkha
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zla ba > dawa
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'phrin las > trinlé
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srung ma > sungma
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rdzun smra ba > dzünmawa
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klad pa > lepa
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glog > lok
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zla ba > dawa
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lha sa > lhasa
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lho phyogs > lhochok
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lhun grub > lhündrup
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dbang > wang
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dbyar kha > yarkha
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dbral > rel
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le'u > leu
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khyi'u > khyiu
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pa'ang > pang
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ba'i > wai
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gri'i > dri
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'gro ba'i > drowé
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rgyal bu'i > gyelbü
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rin po che'i > rinpoché
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bdag po'i > dakpö
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le'u'i > leü
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rta mgrin > tamdrin
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; Other tests, to exercise particular rules in the grammar that aren't covered in the rules above
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g.yon > yön
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phyag > chak
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bkra shis > trashi
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khros ma > thröma
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khros ma > tröma
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sprul > trül
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mri tam ga > mitamga
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srid pa > sipa
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pad ma > pema
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pan chen > penchen
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ral pa can > relpachen
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thun > thün
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thun > tün
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dus gsum > düsum
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sbed > be
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ces > che
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pa'i > pai
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che'i > chei
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gri'i > dri
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po'i > poi
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le'u'i > leui
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rdzogs > dzok
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thug pa > thukpa
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'debs > dep
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sbed > bé
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ces > ché
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btsan dbang > tsenwang
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tshong khang > tsongkhang
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rdzong > dzong
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stabs > tap
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thug pa > tukpa
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debs > dep
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sib sib > sipsip
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lobs pa > loppa
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grub > drup
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kla col > lachöl
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spyan snga ba > chenngawa
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sems dpa'i > sempé
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bon po'i > bönpö
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rdzogs > dzok
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; Other random tests
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phreng > treng
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; Test of second-suffix d removal. Made-up word because I don't know real ones.
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rand > ren
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; Test that we don't spazz out on single-letter words.
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a > a
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ai > ai
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