155 lines
3.5 KiB
Text
155 lines
3.5 KiB
Text
; THDL Phonetics rules for WylieWord.
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; File format: there are two sections, for rules and exceptions.
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;
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; There is one rule per line. Typically a rule has two parts,
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; separated by a space. The first part is a sequence of letters
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; that, if it appears in a Wylie transliteration, is to be replaced
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; by the second part in the phonetic transcription. The second
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; part can be missing, in which case the first part is simply
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; deleted from transcriptions when found.
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;
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; A semicolon precedes a comment. Blank lines are OK.
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;
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; The rules are applied in the order they appear in this file.
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; Each rule is applied as many times as possible, but we never
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; go back to a previous rule. (This simple rewrite-rule grammar is
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; not sufficient to implement all phonetic schemes, at least not
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; compactly. For example, it would be difficult to capture the
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; effects of preinitial consonants on tone (as in the scheme used
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; in Joe Wilson's book, for instance).) Also note that not even the
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; whole of the present scheme is implemented using these rules. For
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; example, the deletion of prefix and superscript consonants,
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; and of wa-zur, are done in program code, not using the rules here.
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; This makes e come out é only when the last letter in a "word" (*not*
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; syllable). Our grammar engine is not nearly powerful enough to do
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; this in a clean way.
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<?Enable THDL final é kludge?>
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; Another thing that is handled kludgily.
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<?Enable nasalization before a-chung?>
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; Miscellaneous prefix transformations
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g. ; delete this (representing g prefix, used before root y only)
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dby y ; must come before db->w, for dbyang
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dbr r ; must come before db->w, for dbral
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db w ; must come before by->j
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; Removal of confusing 'h's
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th t
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ph p
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tsh ts
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; c and ch are both transcribed ch. To get this we need a kludge
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; (involving x), because the rule c -> ch would apply recursively.
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ch c
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c x
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x ch
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; Bad behavior from Y
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py ch
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phy ch
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by j
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my ny
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; Retroflexes
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kr tr
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khr tr
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gr dr
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pr tr
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phr tr
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br dr
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; Other bad behavior from R
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mr m
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sr s
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; Uniquely random case
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zl d
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; Umlaut of a, o, u followed by d, n, l, s, and 'i
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; Note: this must be done before suffix-stripping.
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; Before actually doing the umlaut, we "hide" the n in ng, so that ng doesn't
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; induce umlaut. This is gross; if we had a real grammar engine it wouldn't
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; be necessary.
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ng x
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ad e
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an en
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al el
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as e
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a'i e
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od ö
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on ön
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ol öl
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os ö
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o'i ö
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ud ü
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un ün
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ul ül
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us ü
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u'i ü
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; restore ng
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x ng
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; Stripping of 'i from e'i
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; (It is stripped from a, o, u by umlaut rules, and from i by vowel-doubling rule.)
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e'i e
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; Stripping of suffix d, s, and ' from i and e
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; Note: this has already been done by the umlaut rules for some cases,
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; which don't need to be repeated here.
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id i
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ed e
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is i
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es e
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a' a
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e' e
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i' i
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o' o
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u' u
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; Remove doubled vowels (e.g. pa'ang -> pang, not paang)
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aa a
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ee e
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ii i
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oo o
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uu u
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; Devoicing of suffix g, b
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ag ak
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eg ek
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ig ik
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og ok
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ug uk
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ab ap
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eb ep
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ib ip
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ob op
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ub up
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<?Exceptions?>
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; There is one exception per line. Each exception consists of
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; the transliteration (which may be several syllables separated
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; by spaces), followed by a space, a greater-than, a space, and the
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; pronunciation (which may also contain spaces). A semicolon
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; precedes a comment. Blank lines are OK.
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; Exceptions to nasalization rule:
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skyabs 'gro > kyamdro
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rten 'brel > tendrel
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lam 'bras > lamdré
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; Other exceptions:
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sprul sku > tulku
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rta mgrin > tamdrin
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a mdo > amdo
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chab mdo > chamdo
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dpal ldan > penden
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'bri ru > biru
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sbra nag zhol > banakzhöl
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rdo rje > dorjé
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o rgyan > orgyen
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lha rje > lharjé
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rgyal rtse > gyantsé
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