Documents how to install and use JUnit for automated unit tests.
Besides the fact that I like unit tests, my Unicode conversion work is going to have to be thorougly tested. Other small improvements to the text were made.
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dchandler
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<html>
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<!-- @author David Chandler -->
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<!-- @date October 20, 2002 -->
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<!-- @date-created October 20, 2002 -->
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<!-- @editor Emacs, baby! -->
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<head>
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@ -24,7 +24,9 @@
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clear, repeatable procedures that software developers go by to
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compile, run, test, create documentation, and cut releases. Our
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build systems are fully automated, which provides a good basis for
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collaborative development.
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collaborative development. Even for individual development, a good
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build system gives you the confidence to make big organizational
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changes and saves you time in the long run.
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</p>
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<h3>Table of Contents</h3>
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@ -144,61 +146,112 @@
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classpath-related headaches disappear (after clearing initial
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hurdles), and you can be sure that the build will work the same on
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Linux and the Mac as it does on Windows XP, because Ant itself is
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a Java program.
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a Java program. I compile, test, run, and build releases using
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Ant, and really like it.
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</p>
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<p>
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Although Ant is for Java programs, it has enough features to make
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it a viable choice of build system for non-Java stuff like our
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Tibetan Machine Web fonts.
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Although Ant is mainly intended for building Java programs, it has
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enough features to make it a viable choice of build system for
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things non-Java, things like the Tibetan Machine Web font.
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</p>
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<h3>Installing Apache Ant<a name="installant"></a></h3>
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<p>
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To install Apache's Jakarta Ant (or "Apache Ant" or simply "Ant"),
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see the <a href="http://jakarta.apache.org/ant/"> Apache Ant</a>
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website. Their instructions for installation are pretty good, but
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you may have trouble if you're on Windows and you don't know how to
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set environment variables (try Control
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Panel->System->Advanced->Environment Variables) and the like.
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you'll first need a JDK installed. I recommend getting Sun's latest
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1.4 JDK (yes, it's available for Linux too). Next, see the <a
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href="http://jakarta.apache.org/ant/"> Apache Ant</a> website.
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Their instructions for installation are pretty good, but you may
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have trouble if you're on Windows and you don't know how to set
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environment variables (try Control
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Panel->System->Advanced->Environment Variables) and the
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like. One thing they don't tell you is that their binary
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distribution ships with a ton of documentation in
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<code>$ANT_HOME/docs/</code> that can all safely be deleted if you
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care about disk space.
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</p>
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<p>
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To test your installation, use cvs to checkout the
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<code>Fonts</code> module. It has a simpler Ant build file
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I recommend installing Ant yourself, and not using a package manager
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such as apt-get or rpm. This is because the ordinary installation
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has a well-known <code>$ANT_HOME/lib</code> directory in which we'll
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wish to place a couple of JARs (<a href="#testingjskad">
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<code>junit.jar</code></a> and Vamp), as described below. I've had
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personal experience with an RPM that made it impossible for me to
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make Ant aware of extra JARs, so stay away from RPMs and other
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packages.
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</p>
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<p>
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To test your installation, use cvs to checkout either the
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<code>Fonts</code> module or the <code>Jskad</code> module. The
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<code>Fonts</code> module has a simpler Ant build file
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(<code>Fonts/build.xml</code>) than the <code>Jskad</code> module
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has, so it's better for testing. Change directory to
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<code>Fonts</code> and run the following command:
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has, so perhaps it's better for testing. The <code>Jskad</code>
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module should be good to go as well, though, because we have a
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multi-buildfile system that delegates less common build activities
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(ones that require tweaking of your Ant installation) to supporting
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buildfiles and keeps the main buildfile,
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<code>Jskad/build.xml</code>, free of nonstandard constructs.
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Change directory to whichever module you choose and run the
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following command:
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</p>
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<blockquote>
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<code>ant clean dist</code>
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<code>ant clean</code>
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</blockquote>
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<p>
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If you have any trouble, see Ant's FAQs and then e-mail David
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Chandler.
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The output shouldn't alarm you, and it should conclude with "BUILD
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SUCCESSFUL". If you have any trouble, see Ant's FAQs and then
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e-mail David Chandler.
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</p>
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<p>
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Now that you have a good installation of Ant itself, you may want
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to install the <a href="http://www.vamphq.com/ant.html"> Vamp Ant
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task</a> provided by the <a href="http://www.vamphq.com/"> Venus
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Application Publisher</a>. You need this to cut <a
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href="http://java.sun.com/products/javawebstart/"> Java Web
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Start</a> releases of Jskad, Savant, QuillDriver, and the
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translation tool. You <b>do not</b> need it otherwise.
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Now that you have a good installation of Ant itself, you probably
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will want to install both JUnit and Vamp. These steps can wait
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until later if you're not sure you'll be testing our software or
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packaging our software for release. Here are the steps to install
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them:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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To install JUnit, first do a cvs checkout of the
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<code>Jskad</code> module (see <a href="#cvs"> below</a> for info
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on how to use CVS). Now, to make Ant aware of JUnit, simply copy
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<code>Jskad/extensions/to-be-installed-with-ant/junit.jar</code>
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to the <code>$ANT_HOME/lib/</code> directory (and, if you're on
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UNIX/Linux, make the file world-readable).
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</li>
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<li>
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It isn't much trouble to install the <a
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href="http://www.vamphq.com/ant.html"> Vamp Ant task</a> provided
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by the <a href="http://www.vamphq.com/"> Venus Application
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Publisher</a>. You need this to cut <a
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href="http://java.sun.com/products/javawebstart/"> Java Web
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Start</a> releases of Jskad, Savant, QuillDriver, and the
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translation tool. You <b>do not</b> need it otherwise.
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<p>
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Installing Vamp's Ant task is simple enough, and is in fact
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simpler than Vamp's web pages of October 1, 2002 imply. That
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is, if you have installed Ant 1.5.1 or later, then you can
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simply drop <code>vamp.jar</code> into Ant's <code>lib</code>
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directory (i.e., <code>$ANT_HOME/lib/</code>) and forget about
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changing your classpath (but do be sure, Linux/UNIX users, that
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the file is world-readable).
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</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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Installing Vamp's Ant task is simple enough, and is in fact simpler
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than Vamp's web pages of October 1, 2002 imply. That is, if you
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have installed Ant 1.5.1 or later, then you can simply drop
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<code>vamp.jar</code> into Ant's <code>lib</code> directory and
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forget about changing your classpath.
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Your build environment is good to go!
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</p>
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<h3>Setting things up to use CVS <a
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name="cvs"></a></h3>
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@ -301,14 +354,14 @@ name="buildingfonts"></a></h3>
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</blockquote>
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</li>
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<li>
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after being sure that your Fonts directory is a mirror of the
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one in the repository, use cvs to tag this revision that you
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wish to release with a name that another developer, years down
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the road, will recognize as referring to this release. To do
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this, you can run <code>'cvs -f rtag <i>tag-name</i>
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Fonts'</code> or (and this is preferred) you can run <code>'cvs
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-f tag -c <i>tag-name</i>'</code>. Good tag names are like the
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following:
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after being sure that your <code>Fonts</code> directory is a
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mirror of the one in the repository, use cvs to tag this
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revision that you wish to release with a name that another
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developer, years down the road, will recognize as referring to
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this release. To do this, you can run <code>'cvs -f rtag
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<i>tag-name</i> Fonts'</code> or (and this is preferred) you can
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run <code>'cvs -f tag -c <i>tag-name</i>'</code>. Good tag
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names are like the following:
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<ul>
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<li>
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<code>Fonts_1_0</code> (referring to the 1.0 release of the
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@ -320,7 +373,7 @@ name="buildingfonts"></a></h3>
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</li>
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</ul>
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Note that tagging for a release of just the Tibetan Machine Web
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fonts and not the Tibetan Machine fonts is <i>no different</i>
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font and not the Tibetan Machine font is <i>no different</i>
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than tagging for a simulaneous release of both.
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</li>
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<li>
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@ -564,7 +617,7 @@ module<a name="jskadsetup"></a></h4>
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<p>
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You'll also need to checkout the <code>Fonts</code> module
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underneath the directory where you checked out the
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<code>Jskad</code> directory. We put the TMW fonts into some JAR
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<code>Jskad</code> directory. We put the TMW font into some JAR
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files, so the <code>'Jskad/Fonts/TibetanMachineWeb/'</code>
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directory must exist.
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</p>
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@ -726,22 +779,67 @@ module<a name="daytoday"></a></h4>
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<h5>Testing<a name="testingjskad"></a></h5>
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<p>
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We will soon use <a href="http://junit.org/"> JUnit</a> to provide
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automated unit tests. Running them will be as simple as making Ant
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aware of JUnit and then running <code>'ant check'</code>. <!-- DLC
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FIXME -->
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Testing is an underappreciated part of software development.
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Software without a good test suite costs more money and time to
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maintain, and it can eventually become downright demoralizing when
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you can't seem to make a simple change without breaking part of the
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code. If you see the break immediately, it's no big deal. When you
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have a solid test suite, you're much more likely to make changes
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with confidence.
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</p>
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<p>
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To make testing easy, you should use interfaces rather than
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But testing isn't just for us, the developers. It's mainly to give
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the user confidence (though hearing from us about our extensive,
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automated test suite is the direct method whereby the user gains
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this confidence). For key parts of our system, parts that we hope
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others will trust with their most precious data, we need excellent
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testing, design, and documentation. For other parts of the system,
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where failure is obvious (like GUI interfaces), testing can slide
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more easily.
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</p>
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<p>
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The core modules dealing with Tibetan text are thus going to be
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heavily tested, mainly by unit tests and end-to-end regression tests
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that ensure that the software still does what we verified by hand it
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should do. If we don't do this, can you imagine someone entrusting
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us to convert their Kangyur, in its Roman transliteration, into
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Unicode? Don't imagine they will just glance at the first and last
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page of the converted text and sign off on our fine tool.
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</p>
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<p>
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In short, the test suite determines whether our software is
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well-receieved or merely well-intentioned.
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</p>
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<p>
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We use <a href="http://junit.org/"> JUnit</a> to provide automated
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unit tests. Running them is as simple as making Ant aware of JUnit
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(see below) and then running <code>'ant clean check'</code>. If
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there are any failures, you should examine the files
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<code>Jskad/TEST-*</code> and track them down.
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</p>
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<p>
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To make Ant aware of JUnit, simply copy
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<code>Jskad/extensions/to-be-installed-with-ant/junit.jar</code> to
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the <code>$ANT_HOME/lib/</code> directory (and, if you're on
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UNIX/Linux, make the file world-readable). More details are provide
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<a href="#installant"> above</a>.
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</p>
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<p>
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To make future testing easy, you should use interfaces rather than
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hard-wiring in calls to classes that are difficult to instantiate.
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For example, if we were to make use of a database class in our
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DuffPane class, doing so directly would mean that the database
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software would have to be properly installed and up and running in
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order to test DuffPane individually. If you create an interface and
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use the database only through that interface, then creating a <a
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href="http://mockobjects.com"> mock object</a> that pretends to
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be that database but returns canned answers is a simple matter.
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href="http://mockobjects.com/"> mock object</a> that pretends to be
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that database but returns canned answers is a simple matter.
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</p>
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@ -821,7 +919,9 @@ module<a name="daytoday"></a></h4>
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<p>
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First, be sure you've installed Vamp's Ant task as described <a
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href="#installant"> above</a>.
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href="#installant"> above</a>. You can do many day-to-day
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development activities without performing this step, so don't assume
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that you must have already done it.
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</p>
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<p>
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@ -850,8 +950,9 @@ module<a name="daytoday"></a></h4>
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Jskad module)
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</li>
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<li>
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<code>September_23_2002_release</code> (referring to the
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release of all programs in Fonts module made on September 23, 2002
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<code>September_23_2002_release</code> (referring to the release
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of all programs in <code>Fonts</code> module made on September 23,
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2002
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</li>
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</ul>
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@ -940,8 +1041,10 @@ module<a name="daytoday"></a></h4>
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QuillDriver, like Jskad, requires all-permissions security. That
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means that <code>xalan.jar</code>, <code>xercesImpl.jar</code>, and
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<code>xml-apis.jar</code> need to be jar-signed by the same
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certificate as Savant. We don't yet do this automatically <!-- DLC
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FIXME -->, but here's how to do this manually:
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certificate as QuillDriver. We do this automatically via <code>'ant
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self-contained-dist'</code> or <code>'ant
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web-start-releases'</code>, but here's how to do this manually:<!--
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DLC FIXME: automate this further. -->
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</p>
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<ol>
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