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CNI - the Container Network Interface
What is CNI?
The CNI (Container Network Interface) project consists of a specification and libraries for writing plugins to configure network interfaces in Linux containers, along with a number of supported plugins. CNI concerns itself only with network connectivity of containers and removing allocated resources when the container is deleted. Because of this focus, CNI has a wide range of support and the specification is simple to implement.
As well as the specification, this repository contains the Go source code of a library for integrating CNI into applications, an example command-line tool, a template for making new plugins, and the supported plugins.
The template code makes it straight-forward to create a CNI plugin for an existing container networking project. CNI also makes a good framework for creating a new container networking project from scratch.
Why develop CNI?
Application containers on Linux are a rapidly evolving area, and within this area networking is not well addressed as it is highly environment-specific. We believe that many container runtimes and orchestrators will seek to solve the same problem of making the network layer pluggable.
To avoid duplication, we think it is prudent to define a common interface between the network plugins and container execution: hence we put forward this specification, along with libraries for Go and a set of plugins.
Who is using CNI?
Container runtimes
- rkt - container engine
- Kurma - container runtime
- Kubernetes - a system to simplify container operations
- Cloud Foundry - a platform for cloud applications
- Mesos - a distributed systems kernel
3rd party plugins
- Project Calico - a layer 3 virtual network
- Weave - a multi-host Docker network
- Contiv Networking - policy networking for various use cases
- SR-IOV
- Cilium - BPF & XDP for containers
- Infoblox - enterprise IP address management for containers
The CNI team also maintains some core plugins.
Contributing to CNI
We welcome contributions, including bug reports, and code and documentation improvements. If you intend to contribute to code or documentation, please read CONTRIBUTING.md. Also see the contact section in this README.
How do I use CNI?
Requirements
CNI requires Go 1.5+ to build.
Go 1.5 users will need to set GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT=1 to get vendored dependencies. This flag is set by default in 1.6.
Included Plugins
This repository includes a number of common plugins in the plugins/ directory.
Please see the Documentation/ directory for documentation about particular plugins.
Running the plugins
The scripts/ directory contains two scripts, priv-net-run.sh and docker-run.sh, that can be used to exercise the plugins.
note - priv-net-run.sh depends on jq
Start out by creating a netconf file to describe a network:
$ mkdir -p /etc/cni/net.d
$ cat >/etc/cni/net.d/10-mynet.conf <<EOF
{
"cniVersion": "0.2.0",
"name": "mynet",
"type": "bridge",
"bridge": "cni0",
"isGateway": true,
"ipMasq": true,
"ipam": {
"type": "host-local",
"subnet": "10.22.0.0/16",
"routes": [
{ "dst": "0.0.0.0/0" }
]
}
}
EOF
$ cat >/etc/cni/net.d/99-loopback.conf <<EOF
{
"cniVersion": "0.2.0",
"type": "loopback"
}
EOF
The directory /etc/cni/net.d is the default location in which the scripts will look for net configurations.
Next, build the plugins:
$ ./build
Finally, execute a command (ifconfig in this example) in a private network namespace that has joined the mynet network:
$ CNI_PATH=`pwd`/bin
$ cd scripts
$ sudo CNI_PATH=$CNI_PATH ./priv-net-run.sh ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr f2:c2:6f:54:b8:2b
inet addr:10.22.0.2 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.0.0
inet6 addr: fe80::f0c2:6fff:fe54:b82b/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:1 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:1 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:90 (90.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
The environment variable CNI_PATH tells the scripts and library where to look for plugin executables.
Running a Docker container with network namespace set up by CNI plugins
Use the instructions in the previous section to define a netconf and build the plugins.
Next, docker-run.sh script wraps docker run, to execute the plugins prior to entering the container:
$ CNI_PATH=`pwd`/bin
$ cd scripts
$ sudo CNI_PATH=$CNI_PATH ./docker-run.sh --rm busybox:latest ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr fa:60:70:aa:07:d1
inet addr:10.22.0.2 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.0.0
inet6 addr: fe80::f860:70ff:feaa:7d1/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:1 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:1 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:90 (90.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
What might CNI do in the future?
CNI currently covers a wide range of needs for network configuration due to it simple model and API. However, in the future CNI might want to branch out into other directions:
- Dynamic updates to existing network configuration
- Dynamic policies for network bandwidth and firewall rules
If these topics of are interest, please contact the team via the mailing list or IRC and find some like-minded people in the community to put a proposal together.
Contact
For any questions about CNI, please reach out on the mailing list:
- Email: cni-dev
- IRC: #containernetworking channel on freenode.org
- Slack: containernetworking.slack.com