* docs/grub.texi (Chain-loading): New section.
(DOS/Windows): New section, borrowed from GRUB Legacy with details adjusted for GRUB 2. (SCO UnixWare): Likewise. (QNX): Likewise. (chainloader): Add reference to `Block list syntax'. (drivemap): New section. (parttool): New section.
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Colin Watson
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11
ChangeLog
11
ChangeLog
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@ -1,3 +1,14 @@
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2010-06-02 Colin Watson <cjwatson@ubuntu.com>
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* docs/grub.texi (Chain-loading): New section.
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(DOS/Windows): New section, borrowed from GRUB Legacy with details
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adjusted for GRUB 2.
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(SCO UnixWare): Likewise.
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(QNX): Likewise.
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(chainloader): Add reference to `Block list syntax'.
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(drivemap): New section.
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(parttool): New section.
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2010-06-02 Colin Watson <cjwatson@ubuntu.com>
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* docs/grub.texi (GNU GRUB manual): Remove reference to `Invoking
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187
docs/grub.texi
187
docs/grub.texi
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@ -647,6 +647,35 @@ use more complicated instructions. @xref{DOS/Windows}, for more
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information.
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@node Chain-loading
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@subsection Chain-loading an OS
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Operating systems that do not support Multiboot and do not have specific
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support in GRUB (specific support is available for Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD
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and OpenBSD) must be chain-loaded, which involves loading another boot
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loader and jumping to it in real mode.
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The @command{chainloader} command (@pxref{chainloader}) is used to set this
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up. It is normally also necessary to load some GRUB modules and set the
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appropriate root device. Putting this together, we get something like this,
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for a Windows system on the first partition of the first hard disk:
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@verbatim
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menuentry "Windows" {
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insmod chain
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insmod ntfs
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set root=(hd0,1)
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chainloader +1
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}
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@end verbatim
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@c FIXME: document UUIDs.
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On systems with multiple hard disks, an additional workaround may be
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required. @xref{DOS/Windows}.
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Chain-loading is only supported on PC BIOS and EFI platforms.
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@node OS-specific notes
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@section Some caveats on OS-specific issues
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@ -655,6 +684,9 @@ Here, we describe some caveats on several operating systems.
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@menu
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* GNU/Hurd::
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* GNU/Linux::
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* DOS/Windows::
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* SCO UnixWare::
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* QNX::
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@end menu
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@ -696,6 +728,87 @@ the size, run the command @command{uppermem} @emph{before} loading the
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kernel. @xref{uppermem}, for more information.
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@node DOS/Windows
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@subsection DOS/Windows
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GRUB cannot boot DOS or Windows directly, so you must chain-load them
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(@pxref{Chain-loading}). However, their boot loaders have some critical
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deficiencies, so it may not work to just chain-load them. To overcome
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the problems, GRUB provides you with two helper functions.
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If you have installed DOS (or Windows) on a non-first hard disk, you
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have to use the disk swapping technique, because that OS cannot boot
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from any disks but the first one. The workaround used in GRUB is the
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command @command{drivemap} (@pxref{drivemap}), like this:
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@example
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drivemap -s (hd0) (hd1)
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@end example
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This performs a @dfn{virtual} swap between your first and second hard
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drive.
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@strong{Caution:} This is effective only if DOS (or Windows) uses BIOS
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to access the swapped disks. If that OS uses a special driver for the
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disks, this probably won't work.
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Another problem arises if you installed more than one set of DOS/Windows
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onto one disk, because they could be confused if there are more than one
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primary partitions for DOS/Windows. Certainly you should avoid doing
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this, but there is a solution if you do want to do so. Use the partition
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hiding/unhiding technique.
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If GRUB @dfn{hides} a DOS (or Windows) partition (@pxref{parttool}), DOS (or
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Windows) will ignore the partition. If GRUB @dfn{unhides} a DOS (or Windows)
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partition, DOS (or Windows) will detect the partition. Thus, if you have
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installed DOS (or Windows) on the first and the second partition of the
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first hard disk, and you want to boot the copy on the first partition, do
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the following:
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@example
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@group
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parttool (hd0,1) hidden-
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parttool (hd0,2) hidden+
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set root=(hd0,1)
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chainloader +1
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parttool @verb{'${root}'} boot+
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boot
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@end group
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@end example
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@node SCO UnixWare
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@subsection SCO UnixWare
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It is known that the signature in the boot loader for SCO UnixWare is
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wrong, so you will have to specify the option @option{--force} to
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@command{chainloader} (@pxref{chainloader}), like this:
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@example
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@group
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set root=(hd1,1)
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chainloader --force +1
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parttool @verb{'${root}'} boot+
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boot
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@end group
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@end example
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@node QNX
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@subsection QNX
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QNX seems to use a bigger boot loader, so you need to boot it up, like
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this:
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@example
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@group
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set root=(hd1,2)
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chainloader +4
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boot
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@end group
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@end example
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@node Configuration
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@chapter Writing your own configuration file
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@ -1325,6 +1438,7 @@ you forget a command, you can run the command @command{help}
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* configfile:: Load a configuration file
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* crc:: Calculate CRC32 checksums
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* date:: Display or set current date and time
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* drivemap:: Map a drive to another
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* echo:: Display a line of text
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* export:: Export an environment variable
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* gettext:: Translate a string
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@ -1334,6 +1448,7 @@ you forget a command, you can run the command @command{help}
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* insmod:: Insert a module
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* keystatus:: Check key modifier status
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* ls:: List devices or files
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* parttool:: Modify partition table entries
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* play:: Play a tune
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* reboot:: Reboot your computer
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* set:: Set an environment variable
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@ -1399,11 +1514,12 @@ grub> @kbd{cat /etc/fstab}
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@deffn Command chainloader [@option{--force}] file
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Load @var{file} as a chain-loader. Like any other file loaded by the
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filesystem code, it can use the blocklist notation to grab the first
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sector of the current partition with @samp{+1}. If you specify the
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option @option{--force}, then load @var{file} forcibly, whether it has a
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correct signature or not. This is required when you want to load a
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defective boot loader, such as SCO UnixWare 7.1 (@pxref{SCO UnixWare}).
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filesystem code, it can use the blocklist notation (@pxref{Block list
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syntax}) to grab the first sector of the current partition with @samp{+1}.
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If you specify the option @option{--force}, then load @var{file} forcibly,
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whether it has a correct signature or not. This is required when you want to
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load a defective boot loader, such as SCO UnixWare 7.1 (@pxref{SCO
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UnixWare}).
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@end deffn
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@ -1458,6 +1574,32 @@ hour, minute, and second unchanged.
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@end deffn
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@node drivemap
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@subsection drivemap
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@deffn Command drivemap @option{-l}|@option{-r}|[@option{-s}] @
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from_drive to_drive
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Without options, map the drive @var{from_drive} to the drive @var{to_drive}.
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This is necessary when you chain-load some operating systems, such as DOS,
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if such an OS resides at a non-first drive. For convenience, any partition
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suffix on the drive is ignored, so you can safely use @verb{'${root}'} as a
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drive specification.
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With the @option{-s} option, perform the reverse mapping as well, swapping
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the two drives.
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With the @option{-l} option, list the current mappings.
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With the @option{-r} option, reset all mappings to the default values.
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For example:
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@example
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drivemap -s (hd0) (hd1)
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@end example
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@end deffn
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@node echo
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@subsection echo
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@ -1605,6 +1747,41 @@ name syntax}), then list the contents of that directory.
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@end deffn
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@node parttool
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@subsection parttool
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@deffn Command parttool partition commands
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Make various modifications to partition table entries.
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Each @var{command} is either a boolean option, in which case it must be
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followed with @samp{+} or @samp{-} (with no intervening space) to enable or
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disable that option, or else it takes a value in the form
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@samp{@var{command}=@var{value}}.
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Currently, @command{parttool} is only useful on DOS partition tables (also
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known as Master Boot Record, or MBR). On these partition tables, the
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following commands are available:
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@table @asis
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@item @samp{boot} (boolean)
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When enabled, this makes the selected partition be the active (bootable)
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partition on its disk, clearing the active flag on all other partitions.
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This command is limited to @emph{primary} partitions.
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@item @samp{type} (value)
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Change the type of an existing partition. The value must be a number in the
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range 0-0xFF (prefix with @samp{0x} to enter it in hexadecimal).
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@item @samp{hidden} (boolean)
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When enabled, this hides the selected partition by setting the @dfn{hidden}
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bit in its partition type code; when disabled, unhides the selected
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partition by clearing this bit. This is useful only when booting DOS or
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Wwindows and multiple primary FAT partitions exist in one disk. See also
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@ref{DOS/Windows}.
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@end table
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@end deffn
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@node play
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@subsection play
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