* docs/grub.texi (Environment): New chapter.
(Changes from GRUB Legacy): Link to "Environment block" section for details of limitations. (Simple configuration): Likewise. Link to documentation of gfxmode and gfxpayload variables from GRUB_GFXMODE and GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD respectively. (Shell-like scripting): Note that normal variables are stored in the environment. (gettext): Link to documentation of lang and locale_dir. (list_env): New section. (load_env): New section. (save_env): New section. (Reporting bugs): Fix typo.
This commit is contained in:
Colin Watson
parent
e1ad0edd11
commit
abf042006e
2 changed files with 498 additions and 12 deletions
17
ChangeLog
17
ChangeLog
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@ -1,3 +1,20 @@
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2011-03-30 Colin Watson <cjwatson@ubuntu.com>
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* docs/grub.texi (Environment): New chapter.
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(Changes from GRUB Legacy): Link to "Environment block" section for
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details of limitations.
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(Simple configuration): Likewise. Link to documentation of gfxmode
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and gfxpayload variables from GRUB_GFXMODE and GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD
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respectively.
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(Shell-like scripting): Note that normal variables are stored in the
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environment.
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(gettext): Link to documentation of lang and locale_dir.
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(list_env): New section.
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(load_env): New section.
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(save_env): New section.
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(Reporting bugs): Fix typo.
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2011-03-30 Vladimir Serbinenko <phcoder@gmail.com>
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* docs/grub.texi: Correctly use "terminal_input" and not "terminal" in
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493
docs/grub.texi
493
docs/grub.texi
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@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ This edition documents version @value{VERSION}.
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* Images:: GRUB image files
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* Filesystem:: Filesystem syntax and semantics
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* Interface:: The menu and the command-line
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* Environment:: GRUB environment variables
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* Commands:: The list of available builtin commands
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* Security:: Authentication and authorisation
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* Supported kernels:: The list of supported kernels
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@ -229,10 +230,8 @@ scripting language: variables, conditionals, and loops are available.
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@item
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A small amount of persistent storage is available across reboots, using the
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@command{save_env} and @command{load_env} commands in GRUB and the
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@command{grub-editenv} utility. For safety reasons, this storage is only
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available when installed on a plain disk (no LVM or RAID), using a
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non-checksumming filesystem (no ZFS), and using BIOS or EFI functions (no
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ATA, USB or IEEE1275).
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@command{grub-editenv} utility. This is not available in all configurations
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(@pxref{Environment block}).
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@item
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GRUB 2 has more reliable ways to find its own files and those of target
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@ -1109,8 +1108,8 @@ it as a new default entry for use by future runs of GRUB. This is only
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useful if @samp{GRUB_DEFAULT=saved}; it is a separate option because
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@samp{GRUB_DEFAULT=saved} is useful without this option, in conjunction with
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@command{grub-set-default} or @command{grub-reboot}. Unset by default.
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@samp{save_env} may not be available in all situations
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(@pxref{Changes from GRUB Legacy}).
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This option relies on the environment block, which may not be available in
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all situations (@pxref{Environment block}).
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@item GRUB_TIMEOUT
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Boot the default entry this many seconds after the menu is displayed, unless
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@ -1215,7 +1214,7 @@ listed in @file{/boot/grub/video.lst}.
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Set the resolution used on the @samp{gfxterm} graphical terminal. Note that
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you can only use modes which your graphics card supports via VESA BIOS
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Extensions (VBE), so for example native LCD panel resolutions may not be
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available. The default is @samp{640x480}.
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available. The default is @samp{640x480}. @xref{gfxmode}.
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@item GRUB_BACKGROUND
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Set a background image for use with the @samp{gfxterm} graphical terminal.
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@ -1231,7 +1230,7 @@ Set to @samp{text} to force the Linux kernel to boot in normal text mode,
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@samp{keep} to preserve the graphics mode set using @samp{GRUB_GFXMODE},
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@samp{@var{width}x@var{height}}[@samp{x@var{depth}}] to set a particular
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graphics mode, or a sequence of these separated by commas or semicolons to
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try several modes in sequence.
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try several modes in sequence. @xref{gfxpayload}.
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Depending on your kernel, your distribution, your graphics card, and the
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phase of the moon, note that using this option may cause GNU/Linux to suffer
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@ -1342,7 +1341,8 @@ protect the variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it
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which could be interpreted as part of the name.
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Normal variable names begin with an alphabetic character, followed by zero
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or more alphanumeric characters.
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or more alphanumeric characters. These names refer to entries in the GRUB
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environment (@pxref{Environment}).
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Positional variable names consist of one or more digits. They represent
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parameters passed to function calls, with @samp{$1} representing the first
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@ -2384,6 +2384,437 @@ Although GRUB unfortunately does not support @dfn{undo}, you can do almost
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the same thing by just returning to the main menu using @key{ESC}.
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@node Environment
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@chapter GRUB environment variables
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GRUB supports environment variables which are rather like those offered by
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all Unix-like systems. Environment variables have a name, which is unique
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and is usually a short identifier, and a value, which is an arbitrary string
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of characters. They may be set (@pxref{set}), unset (@pxref{unset}), or
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looked up (@pxref{Shell-like scripting}) by name.
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A number of environment variables have special meanings to various parts of
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GRUB. Others may be used freely in GRUB configuration files.
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@menu
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* Special environment variables::
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* Environment block::
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@end menu
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@node Special environment variables
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@section Special environment variables
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These variables have special meaning to GRUB.
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@menu
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* biosnum::
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* chosen::
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* color_highlight::
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* color_normal::
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* debug::
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* default::
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* fallback::
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* gfxmode::
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* gfxpayload::
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* gfxterm_font::
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* icondir::
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* lang::
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* locale_dir::
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* menu_color_highlight::
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* menu_color_normal::
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* net_pxe_boot_file::
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* net_pxe_dhcp_server_name::
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* net_pxe_domain::
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* net_pxe_extensionspath::
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* net_pxe_hostname::
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* net_pxe_ip::
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* net_pxe_mac::
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* net_pxe_rootpath::
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* pager::
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* prefix::
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* pxe_blksize::
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* pxe_default_gateway::
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* pxe_default_server::
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* root::
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* superusers::
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* theme::
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* timeout::
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@end menu
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@node biosnum
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@subsection biosnum
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When chain-loading another boot loader (@pxref{Chain-loading}), GRUB may
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need to know what BIOS drive number corresponds to the root device
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(@pxref{root}) so that it can set up registers properly. If the
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@var{biosnum} variable is set, it overrides GRUB's own means of guessing
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this.
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For an alternative approach which also changes BIOS drive mappings for the
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chain-loaded system, @pxref{drivemap}.
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@node chosen
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@subsection chosen
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When executing a menu entry, GRUB sets the @var{chosen} variable to the
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title of the entry being executed.
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If the menu entry is in one or more submenus, then @var{chosen} is set to
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the titles of each of the submenus starting from the top level followed by
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the title of the menu entry itself, separated by @samp{>}.
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@node color_highlight
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@subsection color_highlight
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This variable contains the ``highlight'' foreground and background terminal
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colors, separated by a slash (@samp{/}). Setting this variable changes
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those colors. For the available color names, @pxref{color_normal}.
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The default is @samp{black/white}.
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@node color_normal
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@subsection color_normal
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This variable contains the ``normal'' foreground and background terminal
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colors, separated by a slash (@samp{/}). Setting this variable changes
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those colors. Each color must be a name from the following list:
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@itemize @bullet
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@item black
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@item blue
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@item green
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@item cyan
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@item red
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@item magenta
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@item brown
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@item light-gray
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@item dark-gray
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@item light-blue
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@item light-green
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@item light-cyan
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@item light-red
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@item light-magenta
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@item yellow
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@item white
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@end itemize
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The default is @samp{white/black}.
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@node debug
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@subsection debug
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This variable may be set to enable debugging output from various components
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of GRUB. The value is a list of debug facility names separated by
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whitespace or @samp{,}, or @samp{all} to enable all available debugging
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output.
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@node default
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@subsection default
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If this variable is set, it identifies a menu entry that should be selected
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by default, possibly after a timeout (@pxref{timeout}). The entry may be
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identified by number or by title.
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If the entry is in a submenu, then it must be identified using the titles of
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each of the submenus starting from the top level followed by the number or
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title of the menu entry itself, separated by @samp{>}. For example, take
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the following menu structure:
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@itemize @w
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@item Submenu 1
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@itemize @w
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@item Menu Entry 1
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@item Menu Entry 2
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@end itemize
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@item Submenu 2
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@itemize @w
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@item Submenu 3
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@itemize @w
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@item Menu Entry 3
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@item Menu Entry 4
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@end itemize
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@item Menu Entry 5
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@end itemize
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@end itemize
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``Menu Entry 3'' would then be identified as
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@samp{Submenu 2>Submenu 3>Menu Entry 3}.
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This variable is often set by @samp{GRUB_DEFAULT} (@pxref{Simple
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configuration}), @command{grub-set-default}, or @command{grub-reboot}.
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@node fallback
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@subsection fallback
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If this variable is set, it identifies a menu entry that should be selected
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if the default menu entry fails to boot. Entries are identified in the same
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way as for @samp{default} (@pxref{default}).
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@node gfxmode
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@subsection gfxmode
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If this variable is set, it sets the resolution used on the @samp{gfxterm}
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graphical terminal. Note that you can only use modes which your graphics
|
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card supports via VESA BIOS Extensions (VBE), so for example native LCD
|
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panel resolutions may not be available. The default is @samp{auto}, which
|
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selects a platform-specific default that should look reasonable.
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The resolution may be specified as a sequence of one or more modes,
|
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separated by commas (@samp{,}) or semicolons (@samp{;}); each will be tried
|
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in turn until one is found. Each mode should be either @samp{auto},
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@samp{@var{width}x@var{height}}, or
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@samp{@var{width}x@var{height}x@var{depth}}.
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@node gfxpayload
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@subsection gfxpayload
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If this variable is set, it controls the video mode in which the Linux
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kernel starts up, replacing the @samp{vga=} boot option (@pxref{linux}). It
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may be set to @samp{text} to force the Linux kernel to boot in normal text
|
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mode, @samp{keep} to preserve the graphics mode set using @samp{gfxmode}, or
|
||||
any of the permitted values for @samp{gfxmode} to set a particular graphics
|
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mode (@pxref{gfxmode}).
|
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|
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Depending on your kernel, your distribution, your graphics card, and the
|
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phase of the moon, note that using this option may cause GNU/Linux to suffer
|
||||
from various display problems, particularly during the early part of the
|
||||
boot sequence. If you have problems, set this variable to @samp{text} and
|
||||
GRUB will tell Linux to boot in normal text mode.
|
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|
||||
The default is platform-specific. On platforms with a native text mode
|
||||
(such as PC BIOS platforms), the default is @samp{text}. Otherwise the
|
||||
default may be @samp{auto} or a specific video mode.
|
||||
|
||||
This variable is often set by @samp{GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX} (@pxref{Simple
|
||||
configuration}).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node gfxterm_font
|
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@subsection gfxterm_font
|
||||
|
||||
If this variable is set, it names a font to use for text on the
|
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@samp{gfxterm} graphical terminal. Otherwise, @samp{gfxterm} may use any
|
||||
available font.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node icondir
|
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@subsection icondir
|
||||
|
||||
If this variable is set, it names a directory in which the GRUB graphical
|
||||
menu should look for icons after looking in the theme's @samp{icons}
|
||||
directory. @xref{Theme file format}.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node lang
|
||||
@subsection lang
|
||||
|
||||
If this variable is set, it names the language code that the
|
||||
@command{gettext} command (@pxref{gettext}) uses to translate strings. For
|
||||
example, French would be named as @samp{fr}, and Simplified Chinese as
|
||||
@samp{zh_CN}.
|
||||
|
||||
@command{grub-mkconfig} (@pxref{Simple configuration}) will try to set a
|
||||
reasonable default for this variable based on the system locale.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node locale_dir
|
||||
@subsection locale_dir
|
||||
|
||||
If this variable is set, it names the directory where translation files may
|
||||
be found (@pxref{gettext}), usually @file{/boot/grub/locale}. Otherwise,
|
||||
internationalization is disabled.
|
||||
|
||||
@command{grub-mkconfig} (@pxref{Simple configuration}) will set a reasonable
|
||||
default for this variable if internationalization is needed and any
|
||||
translation files are available.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node menu_color_highlight
|
||||
@subsection menu_color_highlight
|
||||
|
||||
This variable contains the foreground and background colors to be used for
|
||||
the highlighted menu entry, separated by a slash (@samp{/}). Setting this
|
||||
variable changes those colors. For the available color names,
|
||||
@pxref{color_normal}.
|
||||
|
||||
The default is the value of @samp{color_highlight}
|
||||
(@pxref{color_highlight}).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node menu_color_normal
|
||||
@subsection menu_color_normal
|
||||
|
||||
This variable contains the foreground and background colors to be used for
|
||||
non-highlighted menu entries, separated by a slash (@samp{/}). Setting this
|
||||
variable changes those colors. For the available color names,
|
||||
@pxref{color_normal}.
|
||||
|
||||
The default is the value of @samp{color_normal} (@pxref{color_normal}).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node net_pxe_boot_file
|
||||
@subsection net_pxe_boot_file
|
||||
|
||||
@xref{Network}.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node net_pxe_dhcp_server_name
|
||||
@subsection net_pxe_dhcp_server_name
|
||||
|
||||
@xref{Network}.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node net_pxe_domain
|
||||
@subsection net_pxe_domain
|
||||
|
||||
@xref{Network}.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node net_pxe_extensionspath
|
||||
@subsection net_pxe_extensionspath
|
||||
|
||||
@xref{Network}.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node net_pxe_hostname
|
||||
@subsection net_pxe_hostname
|
||||
|
||||
@xref{Network}.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node net_pxe_ip
|
||||
@subsection net_pxe_ip
|
||||
|
||||
@xref{Network}.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node net_pxe_mac
|
||||
@subsection net_pxe_mac
|
||||
|
||||
@xref{Network}.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node net_pxe_rootpath
|
||||
@subsection net_pxe_rootpath
|
||||
|
||||
@xref{Network}.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node pager
|
||||
@subsection pager
|
||||
|
||||
If set to @samp{1}, pause output after each screenful and wait for keyboard
|
||||
input. The default is not to pause output.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node prefix
|
||||
@subsection prefix
|
||||
|
||||
The location of the @samp{/boot/grub} directory as an absolute file name
|
||||
(@pxref{File name syntax}). This is normally set by GRUB at startup based
|
||||
on information provided by @command{grub-install}. GRUB modules are
|
||||
dynamically loaded from this directory, so it must be set correctly in order
|
||||
for many parts of GRUB to work.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node pxe_blksize
|
||||
@subsection pxe_blksize
|
||||
|
||||
@xref{Network}.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node pxe_default_gateway
|
||||
@subsection pxe_default_gateway
|
||||
|
||||
@xref{Network}.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node pxe_default_server
|
||||
@subsection pxe_default_server
|
||||
|
||||
@xref{Network}.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node root
|
||||
@subsection root
|
||||
|
||||
The root device name (@pxref{Device syntax}). Any file names that do not
|
||||
specify an explicit device name are read from this device. The default is
|
||||
normally set by GRUB at startup based on the value of @samp{prefix}
|
||||
(@pxref{prefix}).
|
||||
|
||||
For example, if GRUB was installed to the first partition of the first hard
|
||||
disk, then @samp{prefix} might be set to @samp{(hd0,msdos1)/boot/grub} and
|
||||
@samp{root} to @samp{hd0,msdos1}.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node superusers
|
||||
@subsection superusers
|
||||
|
||||
This variable may be set to a list of superuser names to enable
|
||||
authentication support. @xref{Security}.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node theme
|
||||
@subsection theme
|
||||
|
||||
This variable may be set to a directory containing a GRUB graphical menu
|
||||
theme. @xref{Theme file format}.
|
||||
|
||||
This variable is often set by @samp{GRUB_THEME} (@pxref{Simple
|
||||
configuration}).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node timeout
|
||||
@subsection timeout
|
||||
|
||||
If this variable is set, it specifies the time in seconds to wait for
|
||||
keyboard input before booting the default menu entry. A timeout of @samp{0}
|
||||
means to boot the default entry immediately without displaying the menu; a
|
||||
timeout of @samp{-1} (or unset) means to wait indefinitely.
|
||||
|
||||
This variable is often set by @samp{GRUB_TIMEOUT} or
|
||||
@samp{GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT} (@pxref{Simple configuration}).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node Environment block
|
||||
@section The GRUB environment block
|
||||
|
||||
It is often useful to be able to remember a small amount of information from
|
||||
one boot to the next. For example, you might want to set the default menu
|
||||
entry based on what was selected the last time. GRUB deliberately does not
|
||||
implement support for writing files in order to minimise the possibility of
|
||||
the boot loader being responsible for file system corruption, so a GRUB
|
||||
configuration file cannot just create a file in the ordinary way. However,
|
||||
GRUB provides an ``environment block'' which can be used to save a small
|
||||
amount of state.
|
||||
|
||||
The environment block is a preallocated 1024-byte file, which normally lives
|
||||
in @file{/boot/grub/grubenv} (although you should not assume this). At boot
|
||||
time, the @command{load_env} command (@pxref{load_env}) loads environment
|
||||
variables from it, and the @command{save_env} (@pxref{save_env}) command
|
||||
saves environment variables to it. From a running system, the
|
||||
@command{grub-editenv} utility can be used to edit the environment block.
|
||||
|
||||
For safety reasons, this storage is only available when installed on a plain
|
||||
disk (no LVM or RAID), using a non-checksumming filesystem (no ZFS), and
|
||||
using BIOS or EFI functions (no ATA, USB or IEEE1275).
|
||||
|
||||
@command{grub-mkconfig} uses this facility to implement
|
||||
@samp{GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT} (@pxref{Simple configuration}).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node Commands
|
||||
@chapter The list of available commands
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2607,6 +3038,8 @@ you forget a command, you can run the command @command{help}
|
|||
* keystatus:: Check key modifier status
|
||||
* linux:: Load a Linux kernel
|
||||
* linux16:: Load a Linux kernel (16-bit mode)
|
||||
* list_env:: List variables in environment block
|
||||
* load_env:: Load variables from environment block
|
||||
* loopback:: Make a device from a filesystem image
|
||||
* ls:: List devices or files
|
||||
* parttool:: Modify partition table entries
|
||||
|
|
@ -2616,6 +3049,7 @@ you forget a command, you can run the command @command{help}
|
|||
* pxe_unload:: Unload the PXE environment
|
||||
* read:: Read user input
|
||||
* reboot:: Reboot your computer
|
||||
* save_env:: Save variables to environment block
|
||||
* search:: Search devices by file, label, or UUID
|
||||
* sendkey:: Emulate keystrokes
|
||||
* set:: Set an environment variable
|
||||
|
|
@ -2878,8 +3312,8 @@ such as @code{if} and @code{while} (@pxref{Shell-like scripting}).
|
|||
Translate @var{string} into the current language.
|
||||
|
||||
The current language code is stored in the @samp{lang} variable in GRUB's
|
||||
environment. Translation files in MO format are read from
|
||||
@samp{locale_dir}, usually @file{/boot/grub/locale}.
|
||||
environment (@pxref{lang}). Translation files in MO format are read from
|
||||
@samp{locale_dir} (@pxref{locale_dir}), usually @file{/boot/grub/locale}.
|
||||
@end deffn
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -3008,6 +3442,29 @@ This command is only available on x86 systems.
|
|||
@end deffn
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node list_env
|
||||
@subsection list_env
|
||||
|
||||
@deffn Command list_env [@option{-f} file]
|
||||
List all variables in the environment block file. @xref{Environment block}.
|
||||
|
||||
The @option{-f} option overrides the default location of the environment
|
||||
block.
|
||||
@end deffn
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node load_env
|
||||
@subsection load_env
|
||||
|
||||
@deffn Command load_env [@option{-f} file]
|
||||
Load all variables from the environment block file into the environment.
|
||||
@xref{Environment block}.
|
||||
|
||||
The @option{-f} option overrides the default location of the environment
|
||||
block.
|
||||
@end deffn
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node loopback
|
||||
@subsection loopback
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -3142,6 +3599,18 @@ Reboot the computer.
|
|||
@end deffn
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node save_env
|
||||
@subsection save_env
|
||||
|
||||
@deffn Command save_env [@option{-f} file] var @dots{}
|
||||
Save the named variables from the environment to the environment block file.
|
||||
@xref{Environment block}.
|
||||
|
||||
The @option{-f} option overrides the default location of the environment
|
||||
block.
|
||||
@end deffn
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node search
|
||||
@subsection search
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -3868,7 +4337,7 @@ for.
|
|||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
Write down anything that you think might be related. Please understand
|
||||
that we often need to reproduce the same problem you encounterred in our
|
||||
that we often need to reproduce the same problem you encountered in our
|
||||
environment. So your information should be sufficient for us to do the
|
||||
same thing---Don't forget that we cannot see your computer directly. If
|
||||
you are not sure whether to state a fact or leave it out, state it!
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue