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Fix some typos in the Multiboot Specification.

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okuji 2002-06-14 23:53:54 +00:00
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@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
@ifinfo @ifinfo
Copyright @copyright{} 1995, 96 Bryan Ford <baford@@cs.utah.edu> Copyright @copyright{} 1995, 96 Bryan Ford <baford@@cs.utah.edu>
Copyright @copyright{} 1995, 96 Erich Stefan Boleyn <erich@@uruk.org> Copyright @copyright{} 1995, 96 Erich Stefan Boleyn <erich@@uruk.org>
Copyright @copyright{} 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Copyright @copyright{} 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
@ -51,13 +51,13 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
@titlepage @titlepage
@sp 10 @sp 10
@title The Multiboot Specification @title The Multiboot Specification
@author OKUJI Yoshinori, Bryan Ford, Erich Stefan Boleyn, Kunihiro Ishiguro @author Yoshinori K. Okuji, Bryan Ford, Erich Stefan Boleyn, Kunihiro Ishiguro
@page @page
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
Copyright @copyright{} 1995, 96 Bryan Ford <baford@@cs.utah.edu> Copyright @copyright{} 1995, 96 Bryan Ford <baford@@cs.utah.edu>
Copyright @copyright{} 1995, 96 Erich Stefan Boleyn <erich@@uruk.org> Copyright @copyright{} 1995, 96 Erich Stefan Boleyn <erich@@uruk.org>
Copyright @copyright{} 1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Copyright @copyright{} 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
@headings double @headings double
@ifnottex @ifnottex
@node Top, Overview, (dir), (dir) @node Top
@top Multiboot Specification @top Multiboot Specification
This file documents Multiboot Specification, the proposal for the boot This file documents Multiboot Specification, the proposal for the boot
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ sequence standard. This edition documents version 0.6.93.
@end menu @end menu
@node Overview, Terminology, Top, Top @node Overview
@chapter Introduction to Multiboot Specification @chapter Introduction to Multiboot Specification
This chapter describes some rough information on the Multiboot This chapter describes some rough information on the Multiboot
@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ Specification. Note that this is not a part of the specification itself.
@end menu @end menu
@node Motivation, Architecture, Overview, Overview @node Motivation
@section The background of Multiboot Specification @section The background of Multiboot Specification
Every operating system ever created tends to have its own boot loader. Every operating system ever created tends to have its own boot loader.
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ specification does @emph{not} specify how boot loaders should work ---
only how they must interface with the operating system being loaded. only how they must interface with the operating system being loaded.
@node Architecture, Operating systems, Motivation, Overview @node Architecture
@section The target architecture @section The target architecture
This specification is primarily targeted at @sc{pc}, since they are the This specification is primarily targeted at @sc{pc}, since they are the
@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ this specification, stripped of the x86-specific details, could be
adopted for them as well. adopted for them as well.
@node Operating systems, Boot sources, Architecture, Overview @node Operating systems
@section The target operating systems @section The target operating systems
This specification is targeted toward free 32-bit operating systems This specification is targeted toward free 32-bit operating systems
@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ be nice if commercial operating system vendors eventually adopted this
specification as well, but that's probably a pipe dream. specification as well, but that's probably a pipe dream.
@node Boot sources, Boot-time configuration, Operating systems, Overview @node Boot sources
@section Boot sources @section Boot sources
It should be possible to write compliant boot loaders that load the OS It should be possible to write compliant boot loaders that load the OS
@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ loading mechanisms, increasing their portability, robustness, and
user-friendliness. user-friendliness.
@node Boot-time configuration, Convenience to operating systems, Boot sources, Overview @node Boot-time configuration
@section Configure an operating system at boot-time @section Configure an operating system at boot-time
It is often necessary for one reason or another for the user to be able It is often necessary for one reason or another for the user to be able
@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ should provide a standard means for the boot loader to pass such
information to the operating system. information to the operating system.
@node Convenience to operating systems, Boot modules, Boot-time configuration, Overview @node Convenience to operating systems
@section How to make OS development easier @section How to make OS development easier
OS images should be easy to generate. Ideally, an OS image should simply OS images should be easy to generate. Ideally, an OS image should simply
@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ still conform to the local a.out format variant in addition to being
Multiboot-compliant. Multiboot-compliant.
@node Boot modules, , Convenience to operating systems, Overview @node Boot modules
@section Boot modules @section Boot modules
Many modern operating system kernels, such as those of VSTa and Mach, do Many modern operating system kernels, such as those of VSTa and Mach, do
@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ support multiple boot modules, but they are strongly encouraged to,
because some operating systems will be unable to boot without them. because some operating systems will be unable to boot without them.
@node Terminology, Specification, Overview, Top @node Terminology
@chapter The definitions of terms used through the specification @chapter The definitions of terms used through the specification
@table @dfn @table @dfn
@ -298,19 +298,19 @@ The type of unsigned 8-bit data.
@item u16 @item u16
The type of unsigned 16-bit data. Because the target architecture is The type of unsigned 16-bit data. Because the target architecture is
little-endian, WORD is coded in little-endian. little-endian, u16 is coded in little-endian.
@item u32 @item u32
The type of unsigned 32-bit data. Because the target architecture is The type of unsigned 32-bit data. Because the target architecture is
little-endian, DWORD is coded in little-endian. little-endian, u32 is coded in little-endian.
@item u64 @item u64
The type of unsigned 64-bit data. Because the target architecture is The type of unsigned 64-bit data. Because the target architecture is
little-endian, QWORD is coded in little-endian. little-endian, u64 is coded in little-endian.
@end table @end table
@node Specification, Examples, Terminology, Top @node Specification
@chapter The exact definitions of Multiboot Specification @chapter The exact definitions of Multiboot Specification
There are three main aspects of a boot loader/OS image interface: There are three main aspects of a boot loader/OS image interface:
@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ system.
@end menu @end menu
@node OS image format, Machine state, Specification, Specification @node OS image format
@section OS image format @section OS image format
An OS image may be an ordinary 32-bit executable file in the standard An OS image may be an ordinary 32-bit executable file in the standard
@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ executable header.
@end menu @end menu
@node Header layout, Header magic fields, OS image format, OS image format @node Header layout
@subsection The layout of Multiboot header @subsection The layout of Multiboot header
The layout of the Multiboot header must be as follows: The layout of the Multiboot header must be as follows:
@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ fields @samp{mode_type}, @samp{width}, @samp{height} and @samp{depth} are
defind in @ref{Header graphics fields}. defind in @ref{Header graphics fields}.
@node Header magic fields, Header address fields, Header layout, OS image format @node Header magic fields
@subsection The magic fields of Multiboot header @subsection The magic fields of Multiboot header
@table @samp @table @samp
@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ have a 32-bit unsigned sum of zero.
@end table @end table
@node Header address fields, Header graphics fields, Header magic fields, OS image format @node Header address fields
@subsection The address fields of Multiboot header @subsection The address fields of Multiboot header
All of the address fields enabled by flag bit 16 are physical addresses. All of the address fields enabled by flag bit 16 are physical addresses.
@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ start running the operating system.
@end table @end table
@node Header graphics fields, , Header address fields, OS image format @node Header graphics fields
@subsection The graphics fields of Multiboot header @subsection The graphics fields of Multiboot header
Also, information about a preferred default mode can be specified in the Also, information about a preferred default mode can be specified in the
@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ the boot loader that no preference is given. This makes it possible for
a kernel to just say it wants a 32-bit resolution, for example. a kernel to just say it wants a 32-bit resolution, for example.
@node Machine state, Boot information format, OS image format, Specification @node Machine state
@section Machine state @section Machine state
FIXME: Use a table like the chapter ``Header layout''. FIXME: Use a table like the chapter ``Header layout''.
@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ structures before doing so. Also, the boot loader must leave the
changed them during the switch to 32-bit mode. changed them during the switch to 32-bit mode.
@node Boot information format, , Machine state, Specification @node Boot information format
@section Boot information format @section Boot information format
FIXME: Split this chapter like the chapter ``OS image format''. FIXME: Split this chapter like the chapter ``OS image format''.
@ -941,7 +941,7 @@ Multiboot boot loaders may simulate @sc{vbe} on non-@sc{vbe} modes, as
if they were @sc{vbe} modes. if they were @sc{vbe} modes.
@node Examples, History, Specification, Top @node Examples
@chapter Examples @chapter Examples
@strong{Caution:} The following items are not part of the specification @strong{Caution:} The following items are not part of the specification
@ -956,7 +956,7 @@ loader writers.
@end menu @end menu
@node Notes on PC, BIOS device mapping techniques, Examples, Examples @node Notes on PC
@section Notes on PC @section Notes on PC
In reference to bit 0 of the @samp{flags} parameter in the Multiboot In reference to bit 0 of the @samp{flags} parameter in the Multiboot
@ -986,7 +986,7 @@ boot loader to work unmodified with any reasonable extensions of the
the operating system as desired. the operating system as desired.
@node BIOS device mapping techniques, Example OS code, Notes on PC, Examples @node BIOS device mapping techniques
@section BIOS device mapping techniques @section BIOS device mapping techniques
Both of these techniques should be usable from any PC operating system, Both of these techniques should be usable from any PC operating system,
@ -1009,7 +1009,7 @@ drivers.
@end menu @end menu
@node Data comparison technique, I/O restriction technique, BIOS device mapping techniques, BIOS device mapping techniques @node Data comparison technique
@subsection Data comparison technique @subsection Data comparison technique
Before activating @emph{any} of the device drivers, gather enough data Before activating @emph{any} of the device drivers, gather enough data
@ -1035,7 +1035,7 @@ of giving up there as well).
@end enumerate @end enumerate
@node I/O restriction technique, , Data comparison technique, BIOS device mapping techniques @node I/O restriction technique
@subsection I/O restriction technique @subsection I/O restriction technique
This first step may be unnecessary, but first create copy-on-write This first step may be unnecessary, but first create copy-on-write
@ -1072,7 +1072,7 @@ In general, you have at most 2 disks from each controller given
logically numbered devices on the controller. logically numbered devices on the controller.
@node Example OS code, Example boot loader code, BIOS device mapping techniques, Examples @node Example OS code
@section Example OS code @section Example OS code
In this distribution, the example Multiboot kernel @file{kernel} is In this distribution, the example Multiboot kernel @file{kernel} is
@ -1106,7 +1106,7 @@ information structure.
@end menu @end menu
@node multiboot.h, boot.S, Example OS code, Example OS code @node multiboot.h
@subsection multiboot.h @subsection multiboot.h
This is the source code in the file @file{multiboot.h}: This is the source code in the file @file{multiboot.h}:
@ -1116,7 +1116,7 @@ This is the source code in the file @file{multiboot.h}:
@end example @end example
@node boot.S, kernel.c, multiboot.h, Example OS code @node boot.S
@subsection boot.S @subsection boot.S
In the file @file{boot.S}: In the file @file{boot.S}:
@ -1126,7 +1126,7 @@ In the file @file{boot.S}:
@end example @end example
@node kernel.c, Other Multiboot kernels, boot.S, Example OS code @node kernel.c
@subsection kernel.c @subsection kernel.c
And, in the file @file{kernel.c}: And, in the file @file{kernel.c}:
@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@ And, in the file @file{kernel.c}:
@end example @end example
@node Other Multiboot kernels, , kernel.c, Example OS code @node Other Multiboot kernels
@subsection Other Multiboot kernels @subsection Other Multiboot kernels
Other useful information should be available in Multiboot kernels, such Other useful information should be available in Multiboot kernels, such
@ -1146,7 +1146,7 @@ it is worth mentioning the OSKit
library supporting the specification. library supporting the specification.
@node Example boot loader code, , Example OS code, Examples @node Example boot loader code
@section Example boot loader code @section Example boot loader code
The GNU GRUB (@pxref{Top, , GRUB, grub.info, The GRUB manual}) project The GNU GRUB (@pxref{Top, , GRUB, grub.info, The GRUB manual}) project
@ -1160,7 +1160,7 @@ See the webpage @url{http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/grub.html}, for
more information. more information.
@node History, Index, Examples, Top @node History
@chapter The change log of this specification @chapter The change log of this specification
@table @asis @table @asis
@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@ Major changes plus HTMLification.
@end table @end table
@node Index, , History, Top @node Index
@unnumbered Index @unnumbered Index
@printindex cp @printindex cp