Currently the string functions grub_strtol(), grub_strtoul(), and
grub_strtoull() don't declare the "end" pointer in such a way as to
require the pointer itself or the character array to be immutable to the
implementation, nor does the C standard do so in its similar functions,
though it does require us not to change any of it.
The typical declarations of these functions follow this pattern:
long
strtol(const char * restrict nptr, char ** restrict endptr, int base);
Much of the reason for this is historic, and a discussion of that
follows below, after the explanation of this change. (GRUB currently
does not include the "restrict" qualifiers, and we name the arguments a
bit differently.)
The implementation is semantically required to treat the character array
as immutable, but such accidental modifications aren't stopped by the
compiler, and the semantics for both the callers and the implementation
of these functions are sometimes also helped by adding that requirement.
This patch changes these declarations to follow this pattern instead:
long
strtol(const char * restrict nptr,
const char ** const restrict endptr,
int base);
This means that if any modification to these functions accidentally
introduces either an errant modification to the underlying character
array, or an accidental assignment to endptr rather than *endptr, the
compiler should generate an error. (The two uses of "restrict" in this
case basically mean strtol() isn't allowed to modify the character array
by going through *endptr, and endptr isn't allowed to point inside the
array.)
It also means the typical use case changes to:
char *s = ...;
const char *end;
long l;
l = strtol(s, &end, 10);
Or even:
const char *p = str;
while (p && *p) {
long l = strtol(p, &p, 10);
...
}
This fixes 26 places where we discard our attempts at treating the data
safely by doing:
const char *p = str;
long l;
l = strtol(p, (char **)&ptr, 10);
It also adds 5 places where we do:
char *p = str;
while (p && *p) {
long l = strtol(p, (const char ** const)&p, 10);
...
/* more calls that need p not to be pointer-to-const */
}
While moderately distasteful, this is a better problem to have.
With one minor exception, I have tested that all of this compiles
without relevant warnings or errors, and that /much/ of it behaves
correctly, with gcc 9 using 'gcc -W -Wall -Wextra'. The one exception
is the changes in grub-core/osdep/aros/hostdisk.c , which I have no idea
how to build.
Because the C standard defined type-qualifiers in a way that can be
confusing, in the past there's been a slow but fairly regular stream of
churn within our patches, which add and remove the const qualifier in many
of the users of these functions. This change should help avoid that in
the future, and in order to help ensure this, I've added an explanation
in misc.h so that when someone does get a compiler warning about a type
error, they have the fix at hand.
The reason we don't have "const" in these calls in the standard is
purely anachronistic: C78 (de facto) did not have type qualifiers in the
syntax, and the "const" type qualifier was added for C89 (I think; it
may have been later). strtol() appears to date from 4.3BSD in 1986,
which means it could not be added to those functions in the standard
without breaking compatibility, which is usually avoided.
The syntax chosen for type qualifiers is what has led to the churn
regarding usage of const, and is especially confusing on string
functions due to the lack of a string type. Quoting from C99, the
syntax is:
declarator:
pointer[opt] direct-declarator
direct-declarator:
identifier
( declarator )
direct-declarator [ type-qualifier-list[opt] assignment-expression[opt] ]
...
direct-declarator [ type-qualifier-list[opt] * ]
...
pointer:
* type-qualifier-list[opt]
* type-qualifier-list[opt] pointer
type-qualifier-list:
type-qualifier
type-qualifier-list type-qualifier
...
type-qualifier:
const
restrict
volatile
So the examples go like:
const char foo; // immutable object
const char *foo; // mutable pointer to object
char * const foo; // immutable pointer to mutable object
const char * const foo; // immutable pointer to immutable object
const char const * const foo; // XXX extra const keyword in the middle
const char * const * const foo; // immutable pointer to immutable
// pointer to immutable object
const char ** const foo; // immutable pointer to mutable pointer
// to immutable object
Making const left-associative for * and right-associative for everything
else may not have been the best choice ever, but here we are, and the
inevitable result is people using trying to use const (as they should!),
putting it at the wrong place, fighting with the compiler for a bit, and
then either removing it or typecasting something in a bad way. I won't
go into describing restrict, but its syntax has exactly the same issue
as with const.
Anyway, the last example above actually represents the *behavior* that's
required of strtol()-like functions, so that's our choice for the "end"
pointer.
Signed-off-by: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
The printf(3) function has support for the %X format specifier, to output
an unsigned hexadecimal integer in uppercase.
This can be achived in GRUB using the %x format specifier in grub_printf()
and calling grub_toupper(), but it is more convenient if there is support
for %X in grub_printf().
Signed-off-by: Paulo Flabiano Smorigo <pfsmorigo@br.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Javier Martinez Canillas <javierm@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
libgcc for boot environment isn't always present and compatible.
libgcc is often absent if endianness or bit-size at boot is different
from running OS.
libgcc may use optimised opcodes that aren't available on boot time.
So instead of relying on libgcc shipped with the compiler, supply
the functions in GRUB directly.
Tests are present to ensure that those replacement functions behave the
way compiler expects them to.
Previously we supplied only unsigned divisions on platforms that need software
division.
Yet compiler may itself use a signed division. A typical example would be a
difference between 2 pointers which involves division by object size.
A bit tricky because this function has to continue to work without
heap for short strings. Fixing prealloc to 32 arguments is reasonable
but make all stack references use 32-bit offset rather than 8-bit one.
So split va_args preparsing to separate function and put the prealloc
into the caller.
On upcoming arm64 port libgcc ctz* are not usable in standalone
environment. Since we need ctz* for this case and implementation is
in C we may as well use it on all concerned platforms.
* conf/Makefile.common (CFLAGS_PLATFORM): Don't add -mrtd -mregparm=3
unconditionally.
* configure.ac: Add -no-integrated-as when using clangfor asm files.
Add -mrtd -mregparm=3 on i386 when not using clang.
* grub-core/kern/misc.c (grub_memset): Add volatile when on clang.
strncpy.
* grub-core/fs/jfs.c (grub_jfs_lookup_symlink): Likewise.
* grub-core/kern/misc.c (grub_strncpy): Move from here ...
* include/grub/misc.h (grub_strncpy): ... to here. Make inline.
* grub-core/net/net.c (grub_net_addr_to_str): Use COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT
+ strcpy rather than strncpy.
per common usage and preffered in several parts of code.
(grub_memcmp): Likewise.
(grub_strncmp): Likewise.
* include/grub/misc.h (grub_strcasecmp): Likewise.
(grub_strncasecmp): Likewise.
* Makefile.util.def (cmp_test): New test.
(grub_script_strcmp): Likewise.
* tests/cmp_unit_test.c: New file.
* tests/grub_script_strcmp.in: Likewise.
* grub-core/fs/hfsplus.c (grub_hfsplus_cmp_catkey): Add a comment.
checks which are always false on some platforms.
(grub_cmd_lsacpi): Likewise.
* grub-core/kern/misc.c (grub_strtoul): Likewise.
* grub-core/loader/multiboot.c (grub_multiboot_set_video_mode):
Likewise.
* grub-core/kern/misc.c (grub_divmod64_full): Renamed to ...
(grub_divmod64): ... this.
* include/grub/misc.h (grub_divmod64): Removed. All users switch to full
version.
