/* grub-setup.c - make GRUB usable */ /* * GRUB -- GRand Unified Bootloader * Copyright (C) 1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. * * GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with GRUB. If not, see . */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include static const grub_gpt_part_type_t grub_gpt_partition_type_bios_boot = GRUB_GPT_PARTITION_TYPE_BIOS_BOOT; #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "progname.h" #define _GNU_SOURCE 1 #include #define DEFAULT_BOOT_FILE "boot.img" #define DEFAULT_CORE_FILE "core.img" void grub_xputs_real (const char *str) { fputs (str, stdout); } void (*grub_xputs) (const char *str) = grub_xputs_real; int grub_getkey (void) { return -1; } struct grub_handler_class grub_term_input_class; struct grub_handler_class grub_term_output_class; void grub_refresh (void) { fflush (stdout); } static void setup (const char *dir, const char *boot_file, const char *core_file, const char *root, const char *dest, int must_embed, int force, int fs_probe) { char *boot_path, *core_path, *core_path_dev, *core_path_dev_full; char *boot_img, *core_img; size_t boot_size, core_size; grub_uint16_t core_sectors; grub_device_t root_dev, dest_dev; const char *dest_partmap; grub_uint8_t *boot_drive; grub_disk_addr_t *kernel_sector; grub_uint16_t *boot_drive_check; struct grub_boot_blocklist *first_block, *block; grub_int32_t *install_dos_part, *install_bsd_part; grub_int32_t dos_part, bsd_part; char *tmp_img; int i; grub_disk_addr_t first_sector; grub_uint16_t current_segment = GRUB_BOOT_MACHINE_KERNEL_SEG + (GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_SIZE >> 4); grub_uint16_t last_length = GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_SIZE; grub_file_t file; FILE *fp; struct { grub_uint64_t start; grub_uint64_t end; } embed_region; embed_region.start = embed_region.end = ~0UL; auto void NESTED_FUNC_ATTR save_first_sector (grub_disk_addr_t sector, unsigned offset, unsigned length); auto void NESTED_FUNC_ATTR save_blocklists (grub_disk_addr_t sector, unsigned offset, unsigned length); auto int NESTED_FUNC_ATTR find_usable_region_msdos (grub_disk_t disk, const grub_partition_t p); int NESTED_FUNC_ATTR find_usable_region_msdos (grub_disk_t disk __attribute__ ((unused)), const grub_partition_t p) { /* There's always an embed region, and it starts right after the MBR. */ embed_region.start = 1; if (embed_region.end > p->start) embed_region.end = p->start; return 0; } auto int NESTED_FUNC_ATTR find_usable_region_gpt (grub_disk_t disk, const grub_partition_t p); int NESTED_FUNC_ATTR find_usable_region_gpt (grub_disk_t disk __attribute__ ((unused)), const grub_partition_t p) { struct grub_gpt_partentry gptdata; disk->partition = p->parent; if (grub_disk_read (disk, p->offset, p->index, sizeof (gptdata), &gptdata)) return 0; /* If there's an embed region, it is in a dedicated partition. */ if (! memcmp (&gptdata.type, &grub_gpt_partition_type_bios_boot, 16)) { embed_region.start = p->start; embed_region.end = p->start + p->len; return 1; } return 0; } void NESTED_FUNC_ATTR save_first_sector (grub_disk_addr_t sector, unsigned offset, unsigned length) { grub_util_info ("the first sector is <%llu,%u,%u>", sector, offset, length); if (offset != 0 || length != GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_SIZE) grub_util_error (_("the first sector of the core file is not sector-aligned")); first_sector = sector; } void NESTED_FUNC_ATTR save_blocklists (grub_disk_addr_t sector, unsigned offset, unsigned length) { struct grub_boot_blocklist *prev = block + 1; grub_util_info ("saving <%llu,%u,%u> with the segment 0x%x", sector, offset, length, (unsigned) current_segment); if (offset != 0 || last_length != GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_SIZE) grub_util_error (_("non-sector-aligned data is found in the core file")); if (block != first_block && (grub_le_to_cpu64 (prev->start) + grub_le_to_cpu16 (prev->len)) == sector) prev->len = grub_cpu_to_le16 (grub_le_to_cpu16 (prev->len) + 1); else { block->start = grub_cpu_to_le64 (sector); block->len = grub_cpu_to_le16 (1); block->segment = grub_cpu_to_le16 (current_segment); block--; if (block->len) grub_util_error (_("the sectors of the core file are too fragmented")); } last_length = length; current_segment += GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_SIZE >> 4; } /* Read the boot image by the OS service. */ boot_path = grub_util_get_path (dir, boot_file); boot_size = grub_util_get_image_size (boot_path); if (boot_size != GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_SIZE) grub_util_error (_("the size of `%s' is not %u"), boot_path, GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_SIZE); boot_img = grub_util_read_image (boot_path); free (boot_path); /* Set the addresses of variables in the boot image. */ boot_drive = (grub_uint8_t *) (boot_img + GRUB_BOOT_MACHINE_BOOT_DRIVE); kernel_sector = (grub_disk_addr_t *) (boot_img + GRUB_BOOT_MACHINE_KERNEL_SECTOR); boot_drive_check = (grub_uint16_t *) (boot_img + GRUB_BOOT_MACHINE_DRIVE_CHECK); core_path = grub_util_get_path (dir, core_file); core_size = grub_util_get_image_size (core_path); core_sectors = ((core_size + GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_SIZE - 1) >> GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_BITS); if (core_size < GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_SIZE) grub_util_error (_("the size of `%s' is too small"), core_path); else if (core_size > 0xFFFF * GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_SIZE) grub_util_error (_("the size of `%s' is too large"), core_path); core_img = grub_util_read_image (core_path); /* Have FIRST_BLOCK to point to the first blocklist. */ first_block = (struct grub_boot_blocklist *) (core_img + GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_SIZE - sizeof (*block)); install_dos_part = (grub_int32_t *) (core_img + GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_SIZE + GRUB_KERNEL_MACHINE_INSTALL_DOS_PART); install_bsd_part = (grub_int32_t *) (core_img + GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_SIZE + GRUB_KERNEL_MACHINE_INSTALL_BSD_PART); /* Open the root device and the destination device. */ root_dev = grub_device_open (root); if (! root_dev) grub_util_error ("%s", grub_errmsg); dest_dev = grub_device_open (dest); if (! dest_dev) grub_util_error ("%s", grub_errmsg); grub_util_info ("setting the root device to `%s'", root); if (grub_env_set ("root", root) != GRUB_ERR_NONE) grub_util_error ("%s", grub_errmsg); /* Read the original sector from the disk. */ tmp_img = xmalloc (GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_SIZE); if (grub_disk_read (dest_dev->disk, 0, 0, GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_SIZE, tmp_img)) grub_util_error ("%s", grub_errmsg); if (dest_dev->disk->partition && fs_probe) { grub_fs_t fs; fs = grub_fs_probe (dest_dev); if (! fs) grub_util_error (_("unable to identify a filesystem in %s; safety check can't be performed"), dest_dev->disk->name); if (! fs->reserved_first_sector) grub_util_error (_("%s appears to contain a %s filesystem which isn't known to " "reserve space for DOS-style boot. Installing GRUB there could " "result in FILESYSTEM DESTRUCTION if valuable data is overwritten " "by grub-setup (--skip-fs-probe disables this " "check, use at your own risk)"), dest_dev->disk->name, fs->name); } /* Copy the possible DOS BPB. */ memcpy (boot_img + GRUB_BOOT_MACHINE_BPB_START, tmp_img + GRUB_BOOT_MACHINE_BPB_START, GRUB_BOOT_MACHINE_BPB_END - GRUB_BOOT_MACHINE_BPB_START); /* Copy the possible partition table. */ if (dest_dev->disk->has_partitions) memcpy (boot_img + GRUB_BOOT_MACHINE_WINDOWS_NT_MAGIC, tmp_img + GRUB_BOOT_MACHINE_WINDOWS_NT_MAGIC, GRUB_BOOT_MACHINE_PART_END - GRUB_BOOT_MACHINE_WINDOWS_NT_MAGIC); free (tmp_img); /* If DEST_DRIVE is a hard disk, enable the workaround, which is for buggy BIOSes which don't pass boot drive correctly. Instead, they pass 0x00 or 0x01 even when booted from 0x80. */ if (dest_dev->disk->id & 0x80) /* Replace the jmp (2 bytes) with double nop's. */ *boot_drive_check = 0x9090; /* If we hardcoded drive as part of prefix, we don't want to override the current setting. */ if (*install_dos_part != -2) { /* Embed information about the installed location. */ if (root_dev->disk->partition) { if (root_dev->disk->partition->parent) { if (root_dev->disk->partition->parent->parent) grub_util_error ("Installing on doubly nested partitions is " "not supported"); dos_part = root_dev->disk->partition->parent->number; bsd_part = root_dev->disk->partition->number; } else { dos_part = root_dev->disk->partition->number; bsd_part = -1; } } else dos_part = bsd_part = -1; } else { dos_part = grub_le_to_cpu32 (*install_dos_part); bsd_part = grub_le_to_cpu32 (*install_bsd_part); } grub_util_info ("dos partition is %d, bsd partition is %d", dos_part, bsd_part); if (! dest_dev->disk->has_partitions) { grub_util_warn (_("Attempting to install GRUB to a partitionless disk. This is a BAD idea.")); goto unable_to_embed; } if (dest_dev->disk->partition) { grub_util_warn (_("Attempting to install GRUB to a partition instead of the MBR. This is a BAD idea.")); goto unable_to_embed; } /* Unlike root_dev, with dest_dev we're interested in the partition map even if dest_dev itself is a whole disk. */ auto int NESTED_FUNC_ATTR identify_partmap (grub_disk_t disk, const grub_partition_t p); int NESTED_FUNC_ATTR identify_partmap (grub_disk_t disk __attribute__ ((unused)), const grub_partition_t p) { if (p->parent) return 0; dest_partmap = p->partmap->name; return 1; } dest_partmap = 0; grub_partition_iterate (dest_dev->disk, identify_partmap); if (! dest_partmap) { grub_util_warn (_("Attempting to install GRUB to a partitionless disk. This is a BAD idea.")); goto unable_to_embed; } if (strcmp (dest_partmap, "msdos") == 0) grub_partition_iterate (dest_dev->disk, find_usable_region_msdos); else if (strcmp (dest_partmap, "gpt") == 0) grub_partition_iterate (dest_dev->disk, find_usable_region_gpt); else grub_util_error (_("No DOS-style partitions found")); if (embed_region.end == embed_region.start) { if (! strcmp (dest_partmap, "msdos")) grub_util_warn (_("This msdos-style partition label has no post-MBR gap; embedding won't be possible!")); else grub_util_warn (_("This GPT partition label has no BIOS Boot Partition; embedding won't be possible!")); goto unable_to_embed; } if ((unsigned long) core_sectors > embed_region.end - embed_region.start) { if (core_sectors > 62) grub_util_warn (_("Your core.img is unusually large. It won't fit in the embedding area.")); else /* embed_region.end - embed_region.start < 62 */ grub_util_warn (_("Your embedding area is unusually small. core.img won't fit in it.")); goto unable_to_embed; } grub_util_info ("the core image will be embedded at sector 0x%llx", embed_region.start); *install_dos_part = grub_cpu_to_le32 (dos_part); *install_bsd_part = grub_cpu_to_le32 (bsd_part); /* The first blocklist contains the whole sectors. */ first_block->start = grub_cpu_to_le64 (embed_region.start + 1); /* These are filled elsewhere. Verify them just in case. */ assert (first_block->len == grub_host_to_target16 (core_sectors - 1)); assert (first_block->segment == grub_host_to_target16 (GRUB_BOOT_MACHINE_KERNEL_SEG + (GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_SIZE >> 4))); /* Make sure that the second blocklist is a terminator. */ block = first_block - 1; block->start = 0; block->len = 0; block->segment = 0; /* Write the core image onto the disk. */ if (grub_disk_write (dest_dev->disk, embed_region.start, 0, core_size, core_img)) grub_util_error ("%s", grub_errmsg); /* FIXME: can this be skipped? */ *boot_drive = 0xFF; *kernel_sector = grub_cpu_to_le64 (embed_region.start); /* Write the boot image onto the disk. */ if (grub_disk_write (dest_dev->disk, 0, 0, GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_SIZE, boot_img)) grub_util_error ("%s", grub_errmsg); goto finish; unable_to_embed: if (must_embed) grub_util_error (_("embedding is not possible, but this is required when " "the root device is on a RAID array or LVM volume")); grub_util_warn (_("Embedding is not possible. GRUB can only be installed in this " "setup by using blocklists. However, blocklists are UNRELIABLE and " "their use is discouraged.")); if (! force) grub_util_error (_("if you really want blocklists, use --force")); /* Make sure that GRUB reads the identical image as the OS. */ tmp_img = xmalloc (core_size); core_path_dev_full = grub_util_get_path (dir, core_file); core_path_dev = make_system_path_relative_to_its_root (core_path_dev_full); free (core_path_dev_full); /* It is a Good Thing to sync two times. */ sync (); sync (); #define MAX_TRIES 5 for (i = 0; i < MAX_TRIES; i++) { grub_util_info ((i == 0) ? _("attempting to read the core image `%s' from GRUB") : _("attempting to read the core image `%s' from GRUB again"), core_path_dev); grub_disk_cache_invalidate_all (); file = grub_file_open (core_path_dev); if (file) { if (grub_file_size (file) != core_size) grub_util_info ("succeeded in opening the core image but the size is different (%d != %d)", (int) grub_file_size (file), (int) core_size); else if (grub_file_read (file, tmp_img, core_size) != (grub_ssize_t) core_size) grub_util_info ("succeeded in opening the core image but cannot read %d bytes", (int) core_size); else if (memcmp (core_img, tmp_img, core_size) != 0) { #if 0 FILE *dump; FILE *dump2; dump = fopen ("dump.img", "wb"); if (dump) { fwrite (tmp_img, 1, core_size, dump); fclose (dump); } dump2 = fopen ("dump2.img", "wb"); if (dump2) { fwrite (core_img, 1, core_size, dump2); fclose (dump2); } #endif grub_util_info ("succeeded in opening the core image but the data is different"); } else { grub_file_close (file); break; } grub_file_close (file); } else grub_util_info ("couldn't open the core image"); if (grub_errno) grub_util_info ("error message = %s", grub_errmsg); grub_errno = GRUB_ERR_NONE; sync (); sleep (1); } if (i == MAX_TRIES) grub_util_error (_("cannot read `%s' correctly"), core_path_dev); /* Clean out the blocklists. */ block = first_block; while (block->len) { block->start = 0; block->len = 0; block->segment = 0; block--; if ((char *) block <= core_img) grub_util_error (_("no terminator in the core image")); } /* Now read the core image to determine where the sectors are. */ file = grub_file_open (core_path_dev); if (! file) grub_util_error ("%s", grub_errmsg); file->read_hook = save_first_sector; if (grub_file_read (file, tmp_img, GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_SIZE) != GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_SIZE) grub_util_error (_("failed to read the first sector of the core image")); block = first_block; file->read_hook = save_blocklists; if (grub_file_read (file, tmp_img, core_size - GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_SIZE) != (grub_ssize_t) core_size - GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_SIZE) grub_util_error (_("failed to read the rest sectors of the core image")); grub_file_close (file); free (core_path_dev); free (tmp_img); *kernel_sector = grub_cpu_to_le64 (first_sector); /* FIXME: can this be skipped? */ *boot_drive = 0xFF; *install_dos_part = grub_cpu_to_le32 (dos_part); *install_bsd_part = grub_cpu_to_le32 (bsd_part); /* Write the first two sectors of the core image onto the disk. */ grub_util_info ("opening the core image `%s'", core_path); fp = fopen (core_path, "r+b"); if (! fp) grub_util_error (_("cannot open `%s'"), core_path); grub_util_write_image (core_img, GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_SIZE * 2, fp); fclose (fp); /* Write the boot image onto the disk. */ if (grub_disk_write (dest_dev->disk, 0, 0, GRUB_DISK_SECTOR_SIZE, boot_img)) grub_util_error ("%s", grub_errmsg); finish: /* Sync is a Good Thing. */ sync (); free (core_path); free (core_img); free (boot_img); grub_device_close (dest_dev); grub_device_close (root_dev); } static struct option options[] = { {"boot-image", required_argument, 0, 'b'}, {"core-image", required_argument, 0, 'c'}, {"directory", required_argument, 0, 'd'}, {"device-map", required_argument, 0, 'm'}, {"root-device", required_argument, 0, 'r'}, {"force", no_argument, 0, 'f'}, {"skip-fs-probe", no_argument, 0, 's'}, {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'}, {"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'}, {"verbose", no_argument, 0, 'v'}, {0, 0, 0, 0} }; static void usage (int status) { if (status) fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"), program_name); else printf (_("\ Usage: %s [OPTION]... DEVICE\n\ \n\ Set up images to boot from DEVICE.\n\ DEVICE must be a GRUB device (e.g. `(hd0,1)').\n\ \n\ -b, --boot-image=FILE use FILE as the boot image [default=%s]\n\ -c, --core-image=FILE use FILE as the core image [default=%s]\n\ -d, --directory=DIR use GRUB files in the directory DIR [default=%s]\n\ -m, --device-map=FILE use FILE as the device map [default=%s]\n\ -r, --root-device=DEV use DEV as the root device [default=guessed]\n\ -f, --force install even if problems are detected\n\ -s, --skip-fs-probe do not probe for filesystems in DEVICE\n\ -h, --help display this message and exit\n\ -V, --version print version information and exit\n\ -v, --verbose print verbose messages\n\ \n\ Report bugs to <%s>.\n\ "), program_name, DEFAULT_BOOT_FILE, DEFAULT_CORE_FILE, DEFAULT_DIRECTORY, DEFAULT_DEVICE_MAP, PACKAGE_BUGREPORT); exit (status); } static char * get_device_name (char *dev) { size_t len = strlen (dev); if (dev[0] != '(' || dev[len - 1] != ')') return 0; dev[len - 1] = '\0'; return dev + 1; } int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { char *boot_file = 0; char *core_file = 0; char *dir = 0; char *dev_map = 0; char *root_dev = 0; char *dest_dev; int must_embed = 0, force = 0, fs_probe = 1; set_program_name (argv[0]); grub_util_init_nls (); /* Check for options. */ while (1) { int c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "b:c:d:m:r:hVvf", options, 0); if (c == -1) break; else switch (c) { case 'b': if (boot_file) free (boot_file); boot_file = xstrdup (optarg); break; case 'c': if (core_file) free (core_file); core_file = xstrdup (optarg); break; case 'd': if (dir) free (dir); dir = xstrdup (optarg); break; case 'm': if (dev_map) free (dev_map); dev_map = xstrdup (optarg); break; case 'r': if (root_dev) free (root_dev); root_dev = xstrdup (optarg); break; case 'f': force = 1; break; case 's': fs_probe = 0; break; case 'h': usage (0); break; case 'V': printf ("grub-setup (%s) %s\n", PACKAGE_NAME, PACKAGE_VERSION); return 0; case 'v': verbosity++; break; default: usage (1); break; } } if (verbosity > 1) grub_env_set ("debug", "all"); /* Obtain DEST_DEV. */ if (optind >= argc) { fprintf (stderr, _("No device is specified.\n")); usage (1); } if (optind + 1 != argc) { fprintf (stderr, _("Unknown extra argument `%s'.\n"), argv[optind + 1]); usage (1); } /* Initialize the emulated biosdisk driver. */ grub_util_biosdisk_init (dev_map ? : DEFAULT_DEVICE_MAP); /* Initialize all modules. */ grub_init_all (); dest_dev = get_device_name (argv[optind]); if (! dest_dev) { /* Possibly, the user specified an OS device file. */ dest_dev = grub_util_get_grub_dev (argv[optind]); if (! dest_dev) { fprintf (stderr, _("Invalid device `%s'.\n"), argv[optind]); usage (1); } } else /* For simplicity. */ dest_dev = xstrdup (dest_dev); if (root_dev) { char *tmp = get_device_name (root_dev); if (! tmp) grub_util_error (_("invalid root device `%s'"), root_dev); tmp = xstrdup (tmp); free (root_dev); root_dev = tmp; } else { root_dev = grub_util_get_grub_dev (grub_guess_root_device (dir ? : DEFAULT_DIRECTORY)); if (! root_dev) { grub_util_info ("guessing the root device failed, because of `%s'", grub_errmsg); grub_util_error (_("cannot guess the root device. Specify the option `--root-device'")); } } #ifdef __linux__ if (grub_util_lvm_isvolume (root_dev)) must_embed = 1; if (root_dev[0] == 'm' && root_dev[1] == 'd' && root_dev[2] >= '0' && root_dev[2] <= '9') { /* FIXME: we can avoid this on RAID1. */ must_embed = 1; } if (dest_dev[0] == 'm' && dest_dev[1] == 'd' && dest_dev[2] >= '0' && dest_dev[2] <= '9') { char **devicelist; int i; devicelist = grub_util_raid_getmembers (dest_dev); for (i = 0; devicelist[i]; i++) { setup (dir ? : DEFAULT_DIRECTORY, boot_file ? : DEFAULT_BOOT_FILE, core_file ? : DEFAULT_CORE_FILE, root_dev, grub_util_get_grub_dev (devicelist[i]), 1, force, fs_probe); } } else #endif /* Do the real work. */ setup (dir ? : DEFAULT_DIRECTORY, boot_file ? : DEFAULT_BOOT_FILE, core_file ? : DEFAULT_CORE_FILE, root_dev, dest_dev, must_embed, force, fs_probe); /* Free resources. */ grub_fini_all (); grub_util_biosdisk_fini (); free (boot_file); free (core_file); free (dir); free (dev_map); free (root_dev); free (dest_dev); return 0; }