diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index abc96814d..1d4e63f3e 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -67,11 +67,13 @@ endif()
 option(LLAMA_ACCELERATE                      "llama: enable Accelerate framework"               ON)
 option(LLAMA_BLAS                            "llama: use BLAS"                                  OFF)
 set(LLAMA_BLAS_VENDOR "Generic" CACHE STRING "llama: BLAS library vendor")
-option(LLAMA_CUBLAS                          "llama: use cuBLAS"                                OFF)
+option(LLAMA_CUBLAS                          "llama: use CUDA"                                  OFF)
+#option(LLAMA_CUDA_CUBLAS                     "llama: use cuBLAS for prompt processing"          OFF)
+set(LLAMA_CUDA_MMQ_Y       "64" CACHE STRING "llama: y tile size for mmq CUDA kernels")
 option(LLAMA_CUDA_FORCE_DMMV                 "llama: use dmmv instead of mmvq CUDA kernels"     OFF)
 set(LLAMA_CUDA_DMMV_X      "32" CACHE STRING "llama: x stride for dmmv CUDA kernels")
 set(LLAMA_CUDA_MMV_Y        "1" CACHE STRING "llama: y block size for mmv CUDA kernels")
-option(LLAMA_CUDA_DMMV_F16                   "llama: use 16 bit floats for dmmv CUDA kernels"   OFF)
+option(LLAMA_CUDA_F16                        "llama: use 16 bit floats for some calculations"   OFF)
 set(LLAMA_CUDA_KQUANTS_ITER "2" CACHE STRING "llama: iters./thread per block for Q2_K/Q6_K")
 option(LLAMA_CLBLAST                         "llama: use CLBlast"                               OFF)
 option(LLAMA_METAL                           "llama: use Metal"                                 OFF)
@@ -251,6 +253,10 @@ if (LLAMA_CUBLAS)
         set(GGML_SOURCES_CUDA ggml-cuda.cu ggml-cuda.h)
 
         add_compile_definitions(GGML_USE_CUBLAS)
+#        if (LLAMA_CUDA_CUBLAS)
+#            add_compile_definitions(GGML_CUDA_CUBLAS)
+#        endif()
+        add_compile_definitions(GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y=${LLAMA_CUDA_MMQ_Y})
         if (LLAMA_CUDA_FORCE_DMMV)
             add_compile_definitions(GGML_CUDA_FORCE_DMMV)
         endif()
@@ -259,8 +265,8 @@ if (LLAMA_CUBLAS)
         if (DEFINED LLAMA_CUDA_DMMV_Y)
             add_compile_definitions(GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y=${LLAMA_CUDA_DMMV_Y}) # for backwards compatibility
         endif()
-        if (LLAMA_CUDA_DMMV_F16)
-            add_compile_definitions(GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16)
+        if (LLAMA_CUDA_F16 OR LLAMA_CUDA_DMMV_F16)
+            add_compile_definitions(GGML_CUDA_F16)
         endif()
         add_compile_definitions(K_QUANTS_PER_ITERATION=${LLAMA_CUDA_KQUANTS_ITER})
 
@@ -271,10 +277,14 @@ if (LLAMA_CUBLAS)
         endif()
 
     if (NOT DEFINED CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES)
+        # 52 == lowest CUDA 12 standard
+        # 60 == f16 CUDA intrinsics
+        # 61 == integer CUDA intrinsics
+        # 70 == (assumed) compute capability at which unrolling a loop in mul_mat_q kernels is faster
         if (LLAMA_CUDA_DMMV_F16)
-            set(CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES "60;61") # needed for f16 CUDA intrinsics
+            set(CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES "60;61;70") # needed for f16 CUDA intrinsics
         else()
-            set(CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES "52;61") # lowest CUDA 12 standard + lowest for integer intrinsics
+            set(CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES "52;61;70") # lowest CUDA 12 standard + lowest for integer intrinsics
         endif()
     endif()
     message(STATUS "Using CUDA architectures: ${CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES}")
@@ -357,6 +367,7 @@ if (LLAMA_ALL_WARNINGS)
             -Wshadow
             -Wstrict-prototypes
             -Wpointer-arith
+            -Wmissing-prototypes
         )
         set(cxx_flags
             -Wall
@@ -496,6 +507,8 @@ endif()
 add_library(ggml OBJECT
             ggml.c
             ggml.h
+            ggml-alloc.c
+            ggml-alloc.h
             ${GGML_SOURCES_CUDA}
             ${GGML_SOURCES_OPENCL}
             ${GGML_SOURCES_METAL}
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index fb7c27cd9..100614b4b 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -63,7 +63,8 @@ ifdef LLAMA_SERVER_VERBOSE
 endif
 
 # warnings
-CFLAGS   += -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wcast-qual -Wdouble-promotion -Wshadow -Wstrict-prototypes -Wpointer-arith
+CFLAGS   += -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wcast-qual -Wdouble-promotion -Wshadow -Wstrict-prototypes -Wpointer-arith \
+			-Wmissing-prototypes
 CXXFLAGS += -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wcast-qual -Wno-unused-function -Wno-multichar
 
 # OS specific
@@ -193,7 +194,7 @@ ifdef LLAMA_CUBLAS
 	CXXFLAGS  += -DGGML_USE_CUBLAS -I/usr/local/cuda/include -I/opt/cuda/include -I$(CUDA_PATH)/targets/x86_64-linux/include
 	LDFLAGS   += -lcublas -lculibos -lcudart -lcublasLt -lpthread -ldl -lrt -L/usr/local/cuda/lib64 -L/opt/cuda/lib64 -L$(CUDA_PATH)/targets/x86_64-linux/lib
 	OBJS      += ggml-cuda.o
-	NVCCFLAGS = --forward-unknown-to-host-compiler
+	NVCCFLAGS = --forward-unknown-to-host-compiler -use_fast_math
 ifdef LLAMA_CUDA_NVCC
 	NVCC = $(LLAMA_CUDA_NVCC)
 else
@@ -219,19 +220,30 @@ else ifdef LLAMA_CUDA_DMMV_Y
 else
 	NVCCFLAGS += -DGGML_CUDA_MMV_Y=1
 endif # LLAMA_CUDA_MMV_Y
+ifdef LLAMA_CUDA_F16
+	NVCCFLAGS += -DGGML_CUDA_F16
+endif # LLAMA_CUDA_F16
 ifdef LLAMA_CUDA_DMMV_F16
-	NVCCFLAGS += -DGGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16
+	NVCCFLAGS += -DGGML_CUDA_F16
 endif # LLAMA_CUDA_DMMV_F16
 ifdef LLAMA_CUDA_KQUANTS_ITER
 	NVCCFLAGS += -DK_QUANTS_PER_ITERATION=$(LLAMA_CUDA_KQUANTS_ITER)
 else
 	NVCCFLAGS += -DK_QUANTS_PER_ITERATION=2
 endif
+ifdef LLAMA_CUDA_MMQ_Y
+	NVCCFLAGS += -DGGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y=$(LLAMA_CUDA_MMQ_Y)
+else
+	NVCCFLAGS += -DGGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y=64
+endif # LLAMA_CUDA_MMQ_Y
+#ifdef LLAMA_CUDA_CUBLAS
+#	NVCCFLAGS += -DGGML_CUDA_CUBLAS
+#endif # LLAMA_CUDA_CUBLAS
 ifdef LLAMA_CUDA_CCBIN
 	NVCCFLAGS += -ccbin $(LLAMA_CUDA_CCBIN)
 endif
 ggml-cuda.o: ggml-cuda.cu ggml-cuda.h
-	$(NVCC) $(NVCCFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -Wno-pedantic -c $< -o $@
+	$(NVCC) $(NVCCFLAGS) $(subst -Ofast,-O3,$(CXXFLAGS)) -Wno-pedantic -c $< -o $@
 endif # LLAMA_CUBLAS
 
 ifdef LLAMA_CLBLAST
@@ -317,7 +329,12 @@ $(info )
 ggml.o: ggml.c ggml.h ggml-cuda.h
 	$(CC)  $(CFLAGS)   -c $< -o $@
 
-llama.o: llama.cpp ggml.h ggml-cuda.h ggml-metal.h llama.h llama-util.h
+ggml-alloc.o: ggml-alloc.c ggml.h ggml-alloc.h
+	$(CC)  $(CFLAGS)   -c $< -o $@
+
+OBJS += ggml-alloc.o
+
+llama.o: llama.cpp ggml.h ggml-alloc.h ggml-cuda.h ggml-metal.h llama.h llama-util.h
 	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
 
 common.o: examples/common.cpp examples/common.h
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index a0e0ea2e0..b231d24b8 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ as the main playground for developing new features for the [ggml](https://github
 **Supported models:**
 
 - [X] LLaMA 🦙
+- [x] LLaMA 2 🦙🦙
 - [X] [Alpaca](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp#instruction-mode-with-alpaca)
 - [X] [GPT4All](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp#using-gpt4all)
 - [X] [Chinese LLaMA / Alpaca](https://github.com/ymcui/Chinese-LLaMA-Alpaca)
@@ -399,12 +400,16 @@ Building the program with BLAS support may lead to some performance improvements
 
   The environment variable [`CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES`](https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-c-programming-guide/index.html#env-vars) can be used to specify which GPU(s) will be used. The following compilation options are also available to tweak performance:
 
+<!---
+  | LLAMA_CUDA_CUBLAS       | Boolean                |   false | Use cuBLAS instead of custom CUDA kernels for prompt processing. Faster for all quantization formats except for q4_0 and q8_0, especially for k-quants. Increases VRAM usage (700 MiB for 7b, 970 MiB for 13b, 1430 MiB for 33b). |
+--->
   | Option                  | Legal values           | Default | Description |
   |-------------------------|------------------------|---------|-------------|
+  | LLAMA_CUDA_MMQ_Y        | Positive integer >= 32 |      64 | Tile size in y direction when using the custom CUDA kernels for prompt processing. Higher values can be faster depending on the amount of shared memory available. Power of 2 heavily recommended. |
   | LLAMA_CUDA_FORCE_DMMV   | Boolean                |   false | Force the use of dequantization + matrix vector multiplication kernels instead of using kernels that do matrix vector multiplication on quantized data. By default the decision is made based on compute capability (MMVQ for 6.1/Pascal/GTX 1000 or higher). Does not affect k-quants. |
   | LLAMA_CUDA_DMMV_X       | Positive integer >= 32 |      32 | Number of values in x direction processed by the CUDA dequantization + matrix vector multiplication kernel per iteration. Increasing this value can improve performance on fast GPUs. Power of 2 heavily recommended. Does not affect k-quants. |
-  | LLAMA_CUDA_MMV_Y       | Positive integer       |       1 | Block size in y direction for the CUDA mul mat vec kernels. Increasing this value can improve performance on fast GPUs. Power of 2 recommended. Does not affect k-quants. |
-  | LLAMA_CUDA_DMMV_F16     | Boolean                |   false | If enabled, use half-precision floating point arithmetic for the CUDA dequantization + mul mat vec kernels. Can improve performance on relatively recent GPUs. |
+  | LLAMA_CUDA_MMV_Y        | Positive integer       |       1 | Block size in y direction for the CUDA mul mat vec kernels. Increasing this value can improve performance on fast GPUs. Power of 2 recommended. Does not affect k-quants. |
+  | LLAMA_CUDA_F16          | Boolean                |   false | If enabled, use half-precision floating point arithmetic for the CUDA dequantization + mul mat vec kernels and for the q4_1 and q5_1 matrix matrix multiplication kernels. Can improve performance on relatively recent GPUs. |
   | LLAMA_CUDA_KQUANTS_ITER | 1 or 2                 |       2 | Number of values processed per iteration and per CUDA thread for Q2_K and Q6_K quantization formats. Setting this value to 1 can improve performance for slow GPUs. |
 
 - #### CLBlast
@@ -650,6 +655,19 @@ python3 convert.py pygmalion-7b/ --outtype q4_1
 - The LLaMA models are officially distributed by Facebook and will **never** be provided through this repository.
 - Refer to [Facebook's LLaMA repository](https://github.com/facebookresearch/llama/pull/73/files) if you need to request access to the model data.
 
+### Obtaining and using the Facebook LLaMA 2 model
+
+- Refer to [Facebook's LLaMA download page](https://ai.meta.com/resources/models-and-libraries/llama-downloads/) if you want to access the model data.
+- Alternatively, if you want to save time and space, you can download already converted and quantized models from [TheBloke](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke), including:
+  - [LLaMA 2 7B base](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Llama-2-7B-GGML)
+  - [LLaMA 2 13B base](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Llama-2-13B-GGML)
+  - [LLaMA 2 70B base](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Llama-2-70B-GGML)
+  - [LLaMA 2 7B chat](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Llama-2-7B-chat-GGML)
+  - [LLaMA 2 13B chat](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Llama-2-13B-chat-GGML)
+  - [LLaMA 2 70B chat](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Llama-2-70B-chat-GGML)
+- Specify `-eps 1e-5` for best generation quality
+- Specify `-gqa 8` for 70B models to work
+
 ### Verifying the model files
 
 Please verify the [sha256 checksums](SHA256SUMS) of all downloaded model files to confirm that you have the correct model data files before creating an issue relating to your model files.
diff --git a/convert.py b/convert.py
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index ac99579c4..ab6a4e10e
--- a/convert.py
+++ b/convert.py
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ TENSORS_SET = set(TENSORS_LIST)
 
 def find_n_mult(n_ff: int, n_embd: int) -> int:
     # hardcoded magic range
-    for n_mult in range(256, 1, -1):
+    for n_mult in range(8192, 1, -1):
         calc_ff = (((8*n_embd) // 3 + n_mult - 1) // n_mult)*n_mult
         if calc_ff == n_ff:
             return n_mult
@@ -141,11 +141,12 @@ def find_n_mult(n_ff: int, n_embd: int) -> int:
 
 @dataclass
 class Params:
-    n_vocab: int
-    n_embd:  int
-    n_mult:  int
-    n_head:  int
-    n_layer: int
+    n_vocab:   int
+    n_embd:    int
+    n_mult:    int
+    n_head:    int
+    n_layer:   int
+    n_kv_head: Optional[int]  # This parameter is only used for Llama 2
 
     @staticmethod
     def guessed(model: 'LazyModel') -> 'Params':
@@ -167,11 +168,12 @@ class Params:
         n_head=n_embd // 128 # guessed
 
         return Params(
-            n_vocab = n_vocab,
-            n_embd  = n_embd,
-            n_mult  = 256,
-            n_head  = n_head,
-            n_layer = n_layer,
+            n_vocab   = n_vocab,
+            n_embd    = n_embd,
+            n_mult    = 256,
+            n_head    = n_head,
+            n_layer   = n_layer,
+            n_kv_head = None,
         )
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -183,15 +185,17 @@ class Params:
         n_head  = config["num_attention_heads"];
         n_layer = config["num_hidden_layers"];
         n_ff    = config["intermediate_size"];
+        n_kv_head = config.get("num_key_value_heads")
 
         n_mult = find_n_mult(n_ff, n_embd);
 
         return Params(
-            n_vocab = n_vocab,
-            n_embd  = n_embd,
-            n_mult  = n_mult,
-            n_head  = n_head,
-            n_layer = n_layer,
+            n_vocab   = n_vocab,
+            n_embd    = n_embd,
+            n_mult    = n_mult,
+            n_head    = n_head,
+            n_layer   = n_layer,
+            n_kv_head = n_kv_head,
         )
 
     # LLaMA v2 70B params.json
@@ -200,21 +204,22 @@ class Params:
     def loadOriginalParamsJson(model: 'LazyModel', config_path: 'Path') -> 'Params':
         config = json.load(open(config_path))
 
-        n_vocab = config["vocab_size"];
-        n_embd  = config["dim"];
-        n_head  = config["n_heads"];
-        n_layer = config["n_layers"];
-        n_mult  = config["multiple_of"];
+        n_vocab   = config["vocab_size"];
+        n_embd    = config["dim"];
+        n_head    = config["n_heads"];
+        n_layer   = config["n_layers"];
+        n_mult    = config["multiple_of"];
 
         if n_vocab == -1:
             n_vocab = model["tok_embeddings.weight"].shape[0]
 
         return Params(
-            n_vocab = n_vocab,
-            n_embd  = n_embd,
-            n_mult  = n_mult,
-            n_head  = n_head,
-            n_layer = n_layer,
+            n_vocab   = n_vocab,
+            n_embd    = n_embd,
+            n_mult    = n_mult,
+            n_head    = n_head,
+            n_layer   = n_layer,
+            n_kv_head = None,
         )
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -317,10 +322,12 @@ class GGMLVocab:
 Vocab = Union[SentencePieceVocab, GGMLVocab]
 
 
-def permute(weights: NDArray, n_head: int) -> NDArray:
+def permute(weights: NDArray, n_head: int, n_kv_head: Optional[int] = None) -> NDArray:
+    if n_kv_head is not None and n_head != n_kv_head:
+        n_head //= n_kv_head
     return (weights.reshape(n_head, 2, weights.shape[0] // n_head // 2, *weights.shape[1:])
-                   .swapaxes(1, 2)
-                   .reshape(weights.shape))
+                .swapaxes(1, 2)
+                .reshape(weights.shape))
 
 
 def dequantize_q4(qvalues_pack32: NDArray, scales: NDArray, addends: Optional[NDArray], g_idx: Optional[NDArray]) -> NDArray:
@@ -368,7 +375,7 @@ class Tensor(metaclass=ABCMeta):
     @abstractmethod
     def astype(self, data_type: DataType) -> 'Tensor': ...
     @abstractmethod
-    def permute(self, n_head: int) -> 'Tensor': ...
+    def permute(self, n_head: int, n_kv_head: Optional[int] = None) -> 'Tensor': ...
     @abstractmethod
     def permute_part(self, n_part: int, n_head: int) -> 'UnquantizedTensor': ...
     @abstractmethod
@@ -406,8 +413,8 @@ class UnquantizedTensor(Tensor):
         r = self.ndarray.shape[0] // 3
         return UnquantizedTensor(self.ndarray[r * n_part : r * n_part + r, ...])
 
-    def permute(self, n_head: int) -> 'UnquantizedTensor':
-        return UnquantizedTensor(permute(self.ndarray, n_head))
+    def permute(self, n_head: int, n_kv_head: Optional[int] = None) -> 'UnquantizedTensor':
+        return UnquantizedTensor(permute(self.ndarray, n_head, n_kv_head))
 
 
 def load_unquantized(lazy_tensor: 'LazyTensor', expected_dtype: Any = None, convert: bool = False) -> NDArray:
@@ -455,26 +462,27 @@ class GGMLQuantizedTensor(Tensor):
     def to_ggml(self) -> 'GGMLQuantizedTensor':
         return self
 
-    def permute(self, n_head: int) -> 'GGMLQuantizedTensor':
-        return GGMLQuantizedTensor(permute(self.ndarray, n_head), self.shape, self.data_type)
+    def permute(self, n_head: int, n_kv_head: Optional[int] = None) -> 'GGMLQuantizedTensor':
+        return GGMLQuantizedTensor(permute(self.ndarray, n_head, n_kv_head), self.shape, self.data_type)
 
 
 GGMLCompatibleTensor = Union[UnquantizedTensor, GGMLQuantizedTensor]
 
 
 class DeferredPermutedTensor(Tensor):
-    def __init__(self, base: Tensor, n_head: int) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, base: Tensor, n_head: int, n_kv_head: Optional[int] = None) -> None:
         self.base = base
         self.n_head = n_head
+        self.n_kv_head = n_kv_head
         self.data_type = self.base.data_type
 
     def astype(self, data_type: DataType) -> Tensor:
-        return self.base.astype(data_type).permute(self.n_head)
+        return self.base.astype(data_type).permute(self.n_head, self.n_kv_head)
 
     def to_ggml(self) -> GGMLCompatibleTensor:
-        return self.base.to_ggml().permute(self.n_head)
+        return self.base.to_ggml().permute(self.n_head, self.n_kv_head)
 
-    def permute(self, n_head: int) -> Tensor:
+    def permute(self, n_head: int, n_kv_head: Optional[int] = None) -> Tensor:
         raise Exception("shouldn't permute twice")
 
 
@@ -566,8 +574,8 @@ class GPTQForLLaMaQuantizedTensor(Tensor):
         ret.data_type = QuantizedDataType(groupsize=new_groupsize, have_addends=True, have_g_idx=False)
         return ret
 
-    def permute(self, n_head: int) -> Tensor:
-        return DeferredPermutedTensor(self, n_head)
+    def permute(self, n_head: int, n_kv_head: Optional[int] = None) -> Tensor:
+        return DeferredPermutedTensor(self, n_head, n_kv_head)
 
     def to_ggml(self) -> GGMLQuantizedTensor:
         # The output format looks like this:
@@ -698,10 +706,10 @@ def merge_multifile_models(models_plus: List[ModelPlus]) -> ModelPlus:
     return ModelPlus(model, paths, format, vocab)
 
 
-def permute_lazy(lazy_tensor: LazyTensor, n_head: int) -> LazyTensor:
+def permute_lazy(lazy_tensor: LazyTensor, n_head: int, n_kv_head: Optional[int] = None) -> LazyTensor:
     def load() -> Tensor:
-        return lazy_tensor.load().permute(n_head)
-    return LazyTensor(load, lazy_tensor.shape, lazy_tensor.data_type, f'permute({n_head}) ' + lazy_tensor.description)
+        return lazy_tensor.load().permute(n_head, n_kv_head)
+    return LazyTensor(load, lazy_tensor.shape, lazy_tensor.data_type, f'permute({n_head}, {n_kv_head}) ' + lazy_tensor.description)
 
 def permute_part_lazy(lazy_tensor: LazyTensor, n_part: int, n_head: int) -> LazyTensor:
     def load() -> Tensor:
@@ -726,7 +734,7 @@ def convert_transformers_to_orig(model: LazyModel, params: Params) -> LazyModel:
     for i in itertools.count():
         if f"model.layers.{i}.self_attn.q_proj.weight" in model:
             out[f"layers.{i}.attention.wq.weight"] = permute_lazy(model[f"model.layers.{i}.self_attn.q_proj.weight"], params.n_head)
-            out[f"layers.{i}.attention.wk.weight"] = permute_lazy(model[f"model.layers.{i}.self_attn.k_proj.weight"], params.n_head)
+            out[f"layers.{i}.attention.wk.weight"] = permute_lazy(model[f"model.layers.{i}.self_attn.k_proj.weight"], params.n_head, params.n_kv_head)
             out[f"layers.{i}.attention.wv.weight"] = model[f"model.layers.{i}.self_attn.v_proj.weight"]
         elif f"model.layers.{i}.self_attn.W_pack.weight" in model:
             out[f"layers.{i}.attention.wq.weight"] = permute_part_lazy(model[f"model.layers.{i}.self_attn.W_pack.weight"], 0, params.n_head)
diff --git a/examples/common.cpp b/examples/common.cpp
index dd964c8a7..e6439841d 100644
--- a/examples/common.cpp
+++ b/examples/common.cpp
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ bool gpt_params_parse(int argc, char ** argv, gpt_params & params) {
 #ifdef GGML_USE_CUBLAS
             params.main_gpu = std::stoi(argv[i]);
 #else
-      fprintf(stderr, "warning: llama.cpp was compiled without cuBLAS. It is not possible to set a main GPU.\n");
+            fprintf(stderr, "warning: llama.cpp was compiled without cuBLAS. It is not possible to set a main GPU.\n");
 #endif
         } else if (arg == "--tensor-split" || arg == "-ts") {
             if (++i >= argc) {
@@ -376,13 +376,19 @@ bool gpt_params_parse(int argc, char ** argv, gpt_params & params) {
                 }
             }
 #else
-      fprintf(stderr, "warning: llama.cpp was compiled without cuBLAS. It is not possible to set a tensor split.\n");
+            fprintf(stderr, "warning: llama.cpp was compiled without cuBLAS. It is not possible to set a tensor split.\n");
+#endif // GGML_USE_CUBLAS
+        } else if (arg == "--mul-mat-q" || arg == "-mmq") {
+#ifdef GGML_USE_CUBLAS
+            params.mul_mat_q = true;
+#else
+            fprintf(stderr, "warning: llama.cpp was compiled without cuBLAS. It is not possible to use mul_mat_q kernels.\n");
 #endif // GGML_USE_CUBLAS
         } else if (arg == "--low-vram" || arg == "-lv") {
 #ifdef GGML_USE_CUBLAS
             params.low_vram = true;
 #else
-      fprintf(stderr, "warning: llama.cpp was compiled without cuBLAS. It is not possible to set lower vram usage.\n");
+            fprintf(stderr, "warning: llama.cpp was compiled without cuBLAS. It is not possible to set lower vram usage.\n");
 #endif // GGML_USE_CUBLAS
         } else if (arg == "--no-mmap") {
             params.use_mmap = false;
@@ -402,8 +408,14 @@ bool gpt_params_parse(int argc, char ** argv, gpt_params & params) {
             params.antiprompt.push_back(argv[i]);
         } else if (arg == "--perplexity") {
             params.perplexity = true;
-        } else if (arg == "--perplexity-lines") {
-            params.perplexity_lines = true;
+        } else if (arg == "--hellaswag") {
+            params.hellaswag = true;
+        } else if (arg == "--hellaswag-tasks") {
+            if (++i >= argc) {
+                invalid_param = true;
+                break;
+            }
+            params.hellaswag_tasks = std::stoi(argv[i]);
         } else if (arg == "--ignore-eos") {
             params.logit_bias[llama_token_eos()] = -INFINITY;
         } else if (arg == "--no-penalize-nl") {
@@ -559,8 +571,9 @@ void gpt_print_usage(int /*argc*/, char ** argv, const gpt_params & params) {
     fprintf(stdout, "                        not recommended: doubles context memory required and no measurable increase in quality\n");
     fprintf(stdout, "  --temp N              temperature (default: %.1f)\n", (double)params.temp);
     fprintf(stdout, "  --perplexity          compute perplexity over each ctx window of the prompt\n");
-    fprintf(stdout, "  --perplexity-lines    compute perplexity over each line of the prompt\n");
-    fprintf(stdout, "  --keep                number of tokens to keep from the initial prompt (default: %d, -1 = all)\n", params.n_keep);
+    fprintf(stdout, "  --hellaswag           compute HellaSwag score over random tasks from datafile supplied with -f\n");
+    fprintf(stdout, "  --hellaswag-tasks N   number of tasks to use when computing the HellaSwag score (default: %d)\n", params.hellaswag_tasks);
+    fprintf(stdout, "  --keep N              number of tokens to keep from the initial prompt (default: %d, -1 = all)\n", params.n_keep);
     fprintf(stdout, "  --chunks N            max number of chunks to process (default: %d, -1 = all)\n", params.n_chunks);
     if (llama_mlock_supported()) {
         fprintf(stdout, "  --mlock               force system to keep model in RAM rather than swapping or compressing\n");
@@ -578,6 +591,9 @@ void gpt_print_usage(int /*argc*/, char ** argv, const gpt_params & params) {
     fprintf(stdout, "                        how to split tensors across multiple GPUs, comma-separated list of proportions, e.g. 3,1\n");
     fprintf(stdout, "  -mg i, --main-gpu i   the GPU to use for scratch and small tensors\n" );
     fprintf(stdout, "  -lv, --low-vram       don't allocate VRAM scratch buffer\n" );
+    fprintf(stdout, "  -mmq, --mul-mat-q     use experimental mul_mat_q CUDA kernels instead of cuBLAS. TEMP!!!\n" );
+    fprintf(stdout, "                        Reduces VRAM usage by 700/970/1430 MiB for 7b/13b/33b but prompt processing speed\n" );
+    fprintf(stdout, "                        is still suboptimal, especially q2_K, q3_K, q5_K, and q6_K.\n" );
 #endif
     fprintf(stdout, "  --mtest               compute maximum memory usage\n");
     fprintf(stdout, "  --export              export the computation graph to 'llama.ggml'\n");
@@ -630,6 +646,7 @@ struct llama_context_params llama_context_params_from_gpt_params(const gpt_param
     lparams.main_gpu        = params.main_gpu;
     lparams.tensor_split    = params.tensor_split;
     lparams.low_vram        = params.low_vram;
+    lparams.mul_mat_q       = params.mul_mat_q;
     lparams.seed            = params.seed;
     lparams.f16_kv          = params.memory_f16;
     lparams.use_mmap        = params.use_mmap;
diff --git a/examples/common.h b/examples/common.h
index 672dcf77c..974484207 100644
--- a/examples/common.h
+++ b/examples/common.h
@@ -70,7 +70,11 @@ struct gpt_params {
     std::string lora_adapter = "";  // lora adapter path
     std::string lora_base    = "";  // base model path for the lora adapter
 
-    bool low_vram          = false;   // if true, reduce VRAM usage at the cost of performance
+    bool hellaswag         = false; // compute HellaSwag score over random tasks from datafile supplied in prompt
+    size_t hellaswag_tasks = 400;   // number of tasks to use when computing the HellaSwag score
+
+    bool low_vram          = false; // if true, reduce VRAM usage at the cost of performance
+    bool mul_mat_q         = false; // if true, use experimental mul_mat_q kernels
     bool memory_f16        = true;  // use f16 instead of f32 for memory kv
     bool random_prompt     = false; // do not randomize prompt if none provided
     bool use_color         = false; // use color to distinguish generations and inputs
@@ -86,7 +90,6 @@ struct gpt_params {
     bool instruct          = false; // instruction mode (used for Alpaca models)
     bool penalize_nl       = true;  // consider newlines as a repeatable token
     bool perplexity        = false; // compute perplexity over the prompt
-    bool perplexity_lines  = false; // compute perplexity over each line of the prompt
     bool use_mmap          = true;  // use mmap for faster loads
     bool use_mlock         = false; // use mlock to keep model in memory
     bool mem_test          = false; // compute maximum memory usage
diff --git a/examples/main/README.md b/examples/main/README.md
index 375386130..014112e5d 100644
--- a/examples/main/README.md
+++ b/examples/main/README.md
@@ -202,9 +202,9 @@ Example usage: `--top-p 0.95`
 
 -   `--tfs N`: Enable tail free sampling with parameter z (default: 1.0, 1.0 = disabled).
 
-Tail free sampling (TFS) is a text generation technique that aims to reduce the impact of less likely tokens, which may be less relevant, less coherent, or nonsensical, on the output. The method adjusts the logits (token probabilities) by raising them to the power of the parameter z. A higher value of z (e.g., 2.0) will further suppress less likely tokens from the tail of the distribution, while a value of 1.0 disables the effect of TFS. By setting the parameter z, you can control how much the probabilities of less likely tokens are reduced.
+Tail free sampling (TFS) is a text generation technique that aims to reduce the impact of less likely tokens, which may be less relevant, less coherent, or nonsensical, on the output. Similar to Top-P it tries to determine the bulk of the most likely tokens dynamically. But TFS filters out logits based on the second derivative of their probabilities. Adding tokens is stopped after the sum of the second derivatives reaches the parameter z. In short: TFS looks how quickly the probabilities of the tokens decrease and cuts off the tail of unlikely tokens using the parameter z. Typical values for z are in the range of 0.9 to 0.95. A value of 1.0 would include all tokens, and thus disables the effect of TFS.
 
-Example usage: `--tfs 2.0`
+Example usage: `--tfs 0.95`
 
 ### Locally Typical Sampling
 
diff --git a/examples/perplexity/perplexity.cpp b/examples/perplexity/perplexity.cpp
index d23b7e7f0..6870a11b9 100644
--- a/examples/perplexity/perplexity.cpp
+++ b/examples/perplexity/perplexity.cpp
@@ -121,8 +121,23 @@ void perplexity(llama_context * ctx, const gpt_params & params) {
     printf("\n");
 }
 
-void perplexity_lines(llama_context * ctx, const gpt_params & params) {
-    // Calculates perplexity over each line of the prompt
+void hellaswag_score(llama_context * ctx, const gpt_params & params) {
+    // Calculates hellaswag score (acc_norm) from prompt
+    //
+    // Data extracted from the HellaSwag validation dataset (MIT license) https://github.com/rowanz/hellaswag/blob/master/data/hellaswag_val.jsonl
+    // All used data fields are preprocessed as in https://github.com/EleutherAI/lm-evaluation-harness/blob/df3da98c5405deafd519c2ddca52bb7c3fe36bef/lm_eval/tasks/hellaswag.py#L62-L68
+    //
+    // All 10042 tasks should be extracted to keep the results standardized like other implementations.
+    //
+    // Datafile layout:
+    // ['??'] denotes json fields
+    // 6 lines per task:
+    // ['activity_label'] + ": " +['ctx']  - The first part of the query, the context
+    // ['label'] - The index the best common sense ending aka gold ending
+    // ['endings'][0] - Endings added to the first part of the query
+    // ['endings'][1]
+    // ['endings'][2]
+    // ['endings'][3]
 
     std::vector<std::string> prompt_lines;
     std::istringstream strstream(params.prompt);
@@ -132,63 +147,149 @@ void perplexity_lines(llama_context * ctx, const gpt_params & params) {
         prompt_lines.push_back(line);
     }
 
+    if( prompt_lines.size() % 6 != 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s : number of lines in prompt not a multiple of 6.\n", __func__);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    size_t hs_task_count = prompt_lines.size()/6;
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s : loaded %lu tasks from prompt.\n", __func__, hs_task_count);
+
+    // This is needed as usual for LLaMA models
+    bool prepend_bos = true;
+
+    // Number of tasks to use when computing the score
+    if ( params.hellaswag_tasks < hs_task_count  ) {
+        hs_task_count = params.hellaswag_tasks;
+    }
+
+    // The tasks should be randomized so the score stabilizes quickly.
+    bool randomize_tasks = true;
+
+    // The random seed should not impact the final result if the computation is done over enough tasks, so kept hardcoded for now
+    std::mt19937 rng(1);
+
+    // Dataholder for hellaswag tasks
+    struct hs_data_t {
+        std::string context;
+        size_t gold_ending_idx;
+        std::string ending[4];
+        size_t ending_logprob_count[4];
+        double ending_logprob[4];
+    };
+
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s : selecting %lu %s tasks.\n", __func__, hs_task_count, (randomize_tasks?"randomized":"the first")  );
+
+    // Select and read data from prompt lines
+    hs_data_t *hs_data = new hs_data_t[hs_task_count];
+    for (size_t i=0; i < hs_task_count; i++) {
+        size_t idx = i;
+
+        // Select a random example of those left in the prompt
+        if (randomize_tasks) {
+            std::uniform_int_distribution<size_t> dist(0, prompt_lines.size()/6-1 ) ;
+            idx = dist(rng);
+        }
+
+        hs_data[i].context = prompt_lines[idx*6];
+        hs_data[i].gold_ending_idx = std::stoi( prompt_lines[idx*6+1] );
+        for (size_t j=0; j < 4; j++) {
+            hs_data[i].ending[j] = " " + prompt_lines[idx*6+2+j];
+        }
+
+        // Delete the selected random example from the prompt
+        if (randomize_tasks) {
+            prompt_lines.erase( std::next(prompt_lines.begin(),idx*6)  , std::next(prompt_lines.begin(),idx*6+6) );
+        }
+    }
+
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s : calculating hellaswag score over selected tasks.\n", __func__);
+    printf("\ntask\tacc_norm\n");
+
+    double acc = 0.0f;
     const int n_vocab = llama_n_vocab(ctx);
 
-    int counttotal   = 0;
-    size_t n_lines = prompt_lines.size();
+    for (size_t task_idx = 0; task_idx < hs_task_count; task_idx++) {
 
-    double nll = 0.0;
+        // Tokenize the context to count tokens
+        std::vector<int> context_embd = ::llama_tokenize(ctx, hs_data[task_idx].context, prepend_bos);
+        size_t context_size = context_embd.size();
 
-    fprintf(stderr, "%s: calculating perplexity over %lu lines\n", __func__, n_lines);
+        for (size_t ending_idx=0;ending_idx<4;ending_idx++) {
 
-    printf("\nLine\tPPL line\tPPL cumulative\n");
+            // Tokenize the query
+            std::vector<int> query_embd = ::llama_tokenize(ctx, hs_data[task_idx].context + hs_data[task_idx].ending[ending_idx], prepend_bos);
+            size_t query_size = query_embd.size();
 
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < n_lines; ++i) {
+            // Stop if query wont fit the ctx window
+            if (query_size > (size_t)params.n_ctx) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "%s : number of tokens in query %lu > n_ctxl\n", __func__, query_size);
+                return;
+            }
 
-        // Tokenize and insert BOS at start
-        std::vector<int> batch_embd = ::llama_tokenize(ctx, prompt_lines[i], true);
+            // Speedup small evaluations by evaluating atleast 32 tokens
+            if (query_size < 32) {
+                query_embd.resize(32);
+            }
 
-        size_t batch_size  = batch_embd.size();
+            // Evaluate the query
+            if (llama_eval(ctx, query_embd.data(), query_embd.size(), 0, params.n_threads)) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "%s : failed to eval\n", __func__);
+                return;
+            }
 
-        // Stop if line is too long
-        if( batch_size > (size_t)params.n_ctx ) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s : tokens in line %lu > n_ctxl\n", __func__, i);
-            return;
+            const auto query_logits = llama_get_logits(ctx);
+            std::vector<float> logits;
+            logits.insert(logits.end(), query_logits, query_logits + query_size * n_vocab);
+
+            hs_data[task_idx].ending_logprob_count[ending_idx] = 0;
+            hs_data[task_idx].ending_logprob[ending_idx] = 0.0f;
+
+            // Calculate the logprobs over the ending
+            for (size_t j = context_size-1; j < query_size - 1; j++) {
+                // Calculate probability of next token, given the previous ones.
+                const std::vector<float> tok_logits(
+                    logits.begin() + (j + 0) * n_vocab,
+                    logits.begin() + (j + 1) * n_vocab);
+
+                const float prob = softmax(tok_logits)[query_embd[ j + 1]];
+
+                hs_data[task_idx].ending_logprob[ending_idx] += std::log(prob);
+                hs_data[task_idx].ending_logprob_count[ending_idx]++;
+            }
+
+            // Calculate the mean token logprob for acc_norm
+            hs_data[task_idx].ending_logprob[ending_idx] /= hs_data[task_idx].ending_logprob_count[ending_idx];
+
+
+//            printf("task %lu, ending %lu, whole_len %lu, context_len %lu, ending_logprob_count %lu, ending_logprob %.4f\n",
+//                task_idx,ending_idx,whole_size,context_size, hs_data[task_idx].ending_logprob_count[ending_idx], hs_data[task_idx].ending_logprob[ending_idx] );
         }
 
-        if (llama_eval(ctx, batch_embd.data(), batch_size, 0, params.n_threads)) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s : failed to eval\n", __func__);
-            return;
+        // Find the ending with maximum logprob
+        size_t ending_logprob_max_idx = -1;
+        double ending_logprob_max_val = -INFINITY;
+        for (size_t j=0; j < 4; j++) {
+            if (hs_data[task_idx].ending_logprob[j] > ending_logprob_max_val) {
+                ending_logprob_max_idx = j;
+                ending_logprob_max_val =  hs_data[task_idx].ending_logprob[j];
+            }
         }
 
-        const auto batch_logits = llama_get_logits(ctx);
-        std::vector<float> logits;
-        logits.insert(logits.end(), batch_logits, batch_logits + batch_size * n_vocab);
+//        printf("max logprob ending idx %lu, gold ending idx %lu\n", ending_logprob_max_idx, hs_data[task_idx].gold_ending_idx);
 
-        double nllline = 0.0;
-        int countline = 0;
-
-        // Perplexity over second half of the line
-        for (size_t j = batch_size/2; j < batch_size - 1; ++j) {
-            // Calculate probability of next token, given the previous ones.
-            const std::vector<float> tok_logits(
-                logits.begin() + (j + 0) * n_vocab,
-                logits.begin() + (j + 1) * n_vocab);
-
-            const float prob = softmax(tok_logits)[batch_embd[ j + 1]];
-
-            nllline += -std::log(prob);
-            ++countline;
+        // If the gold ending got the maximum logprobe add one accuracy point
+        if (ending_logprob_max_idx == hs_data[task_idx].gold_ending_idx) {
+            acc += 1.0;
         }
 
-        nll += nllline;
-        counttotal += countline;
-
-        // perplexity is e^(average negative log-likelihood)
-        printf("%lu\t%.8lf\t%.8lf\n", i + 1, std::exp(nllline/countline), std::exp(nll / counttotal) );
+        // Print the accumulated accuracy mean x 100
+        printf("%li\t%.8lf\n",task_idx+1, acc/double(task_idx+1)*100.0);
         fflush(stdout);
     }
 
+    delete [] hs_data;
+
     printf("\n");
 }
 
@@ -240,8 +341,8 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
                 params.n_threads, std::thread::hardware_concurrency(), llama_print_system_info());
     }
 
-    if (params.perplexity_lines) {
-        perplexity_lines(ctx, params);
+    if (params.hellaswag) {
+        hellaswag_score(ctx, params);
     } else {
         perplexity(ctx, params);
     }
diff --git a/examples/save-load-state/save-load-state.cpp b/examples/save-load-state/save-load-state.cpp
index 4c8688503..61c71c358 100644
--- a/examples/save-load-state/save-load-state.cpp
+++ b/examples/save-load-state/save-load-state.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     auto lparams = llama_context_default_params();
 
     lparams.n_ctx     = params.n_ctx;
+    lparams.n_gqa     = params.n_gqa;
     lparams.seed      = params.seed;
     lparams.f16_kv    = params.memory_f16;
     lparams.use_mmap  = params.use_mmap;
diff --git a/examples/server-llama2-13B.sh b/examples/server-llama2-13B.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..17fedc2b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/server-llama2-13B.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." || exit
+
+# Specify the model you want to use here:
+MODEL="${MODEL:-./models/llama-2-13b-chat.ggmlv3.q5_K_M.bin}"
+PROMPT_TEMPLATE=${PROMPT_TEMPLATE:-./prompts/chat-system.txt}
+
+# Adjust to the number of CPU cores you want to use.
+N_THREAD="${N_THREAD:-12}"
+
+# Note: you can also override the generation options by specifying them on the command line:
+GEN_OPTIONS="${GEN_OPTIONS:---ctx_size 4096 --batch-size 1024}"
+
+
+# shellcheck disable=SC2086 # Intended splitting of GEN_OPTIONS
+./server $GEN_OPTIONS \
+  --model "$MODEL" \
+  --threads "$N_THREAD" \
+  --rope-freq-scale 1.0 \
+  "$@"
+
+# I used this to test the model with mps, but omitted it from the general purpose. If you want to use it, just specify it on the command line.
+# -ngl 1 \
diff --git a/examples/server/README.md b/examples/server/README.md
index 051a75090..945f60795 100644
--- a/examples/server/README.md
+++ b/examples/server/README.md
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ node .
 
     `content`: Set the text to tokenize.
 
-    Note that the special `BOS` token is not added in fron of the text and also a space character is not inserted automatically as it is for `/completion`.
+    Note that the special `BOS` token is not added in front of the text and also a space character is not inserted automatically as it is for `/completion`.
 
 -   **POST** `/embedding`: Generate embedding of a given text just as [the embedding example](../embedding) does.
 
diff --git a/examples/server/chat-llama2.sh b/examples/server/chat-llama2.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1fc79b7e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/server/chat-llama2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+API_URL="${API_URL:-http://127.0.0.1:8080}"
+
+CHAT=(
+    "Hello, Assistant."
+    "Hello. How may I help you today?"
+)
+
+INSTRUCTION="A chat between a curious human and an artificial intelligence assistant. The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the human's questions."
+
+trim() {
+    shopt -s extglob
+    set -- "${1##+([[:space:]])}"
+    printf "%s" "${1%%+([[:space:]])}"
+}
+
+trim_trailing() {
+    shopt -s extglob
+    printf "%s" "${1%%+([[:space:]])}"
+}
+
+format_prompt() {
+    if [[ "${#CHAT[@]}" -eq 0 ]]; then
+        echo -n "[INST] <<SYS>>\n${INSTRUCTION}\n<</SYS>>"
+    else
+        LAST_INDEX=$(( ${#CHAT[@]} - 1 ))
+        echo -n "${CHAT[$LAST_INDEX]}\n[INST] $1 [/INST]"
+    fi
+}
+
+tokenize() {
+    curl \
+        --silent \
+        --request POST \
+        --url "${API_URL}/tokenize" \
+        --header "Content-Type: application/json" \
+        --data-raw "$(jq -ns --arg content "$1" '{content:$content}')" \
+    | jq '.tokens[]'
+}
+
+N_KEEP=$(tokenize "[INST] <<SYS>>\n${INSTRUCTION}\n<</SYS>>" | wc -l)
+
+chat_completion() {
+    PROMPT="$(trim_trailing "$(format_prompt "$1")")"
+    DATA="$(echo -n "$PROMPT" | jq -Rs --argjson n_keep $N_KEEP '{
+        prompt: .,
+        temperature: 0.2,
+        top_k: 40,
+        top_p: 0.9,
+        n_keep: $n_keep,
+        n_predict: 1024,
+        stop: ["[INST]"],
+        stream: true
+    }')"
+
+    # Create a temporary file to hold the Python output
+    TEMPFILE=$(mktemp)
+
+    exec 3< <(curl \
+        --silent \
+        --no-buffer \
+        --request POST \
+        --url "${API_URL}/completion" \
+        --header "Content-Type: application/json" \
+        --data-raw "${DATA}")
+
+    python -c "
+import json
+import sys
+
+answer = ''
+while True:
+    line = sys.stdin.readline()
+    if not line:
+        break
+    if line.startswith('data: '):
+        json_content = line[6:].strip()
+        content = json.loads(json_content)['content']
+        sys.stdout.write(content)
+        sys.stdout.flush()
+        answer += content
+
+answer = answer.rstrip('\n')
+
+# Write the answer to the temporary file
+with open('$TEMPFILE', 'w') as f:
+    f.write(answer)
+    " <&3
+
+    exec 3<&-
+
+    # Read the answer from the temporary file
+    ANSWER=$(cat $TEMPFILE)
+
+    # Clean up the temporary file
+    rm $TEMPFILE
+
+    printf "\n"
+
+    CHAT+=("$1" "$(trim "$ANSWER")")
+}
+
+while true; do
+    echo -en "\033[0;32m"  # Green color
+    read -r -e -p "> " QUESTION
+    echo -en "\033[0m"  # Reset color
+    chat_completion "${QUESTION}"
+done
diff --git a/examples/server/index.html.hpp b/examples/server/index.html.hpp
index 1b21d4d55..5bca2a8ab 100644
--- a/examples/server/index.html.hpp
+++ b/examples/server/index.html.hpp
@@ -10,1144 +10,1144 @@ unsigned char index_html[] = {
   0x74, 0x69, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x2d, 0x73, 0x63, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x3d, 0x31,
   0x2c, 0x20, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x78, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x75, 0x6d, 0x2d, 0x73, 0x63,
   0x61, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x3d, 0x31, 0x22, 0x20, 0x2f, 0x3e, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20,
-  0x3c, 0x74, 0x69, 0x74, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x3e, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x61,
-  0x2e, 0x63, 0x70, 0x70, 0x20, 0x2d, 0x20, 0x63, 0x68, 0x61, 0x74, 0x3c,
-  0x2f, 0x74, 0x69, 0x74, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x3e, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x3c,
-  0x73, 0x74, 0x79, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x3e, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x62,
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+  0x20, 0x20, 0x3c, 0x70, 0x3e, 0x3c, 0x24, 0x7b, 0x4d, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x65,
+  0x6c, 0x47, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x72, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x49,
+  0x6e, 0x66, 0x6f, 0x7d, 0x20, 0x2f, 0x3e, 0x3c, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x3e, 0x0a,
+  0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20,
+  0x3c, 0x70, 0x3e, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x77, 0x65, 0x72, 0x65, 0x64, 0x20, 0x62,
+  0x79, 0x20, 0x3c, 0x61, 0x20, 0x68, 0x72, 0x65, 0x66, 0x3d, 0x22, 0x68,
+  0x74, 0x74, 0x70, 0x73, 0x3a, 0x2f, 0x2f, 0x67, 0x69, 0x74, 0x68, 0x75,
+  0x62, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2f, 0x67, 0x67, 0x65, 0x72, 0x67, 0x61,
+  0x6e, 0x6f, 0x76, 0x2f, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x70,
+  0x70, 0x22, 0x3e, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x70, 0x70,
+  0x3c, 0x2f, 0x61, 0x3e, 0x20, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x20, 0x3c, 0x61, 0x20,
+  0x68, 0x72, 0x65, 0x66, 0x3d, 0x22, 0x68, 0x74, 0x74, 0x70, 0x73, 0x3a,
+  0x2f, 0x2f, 0x67, 0x67, 0x6d, 0x6c, 0x2e, 0x61, 0x69, 0x22, 0x3e, 0x67,
+  0x67, 0x6d, 0x6c, 0x2e, 0x61, 0x69, 0x3c, 0x2f, 0x61, 0x3e, 0x2e, 0x3c,
+  0x2f, 0x70, 0x3e, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20,
+  0x20, 0x20, 0x3c, 0x2f, 0x66, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x65, 0x72, 0x3e, 0x0a,
+  0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x3c, 0x2f, 0x64, 0x69,
+  0x76, 0x3e, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x60, 0x3b, 0x0a,
+  0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x7d, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x72,
+  0x65, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x65, 0x72, 0x28, 0x68, 0x28, 0x41, 0x70, 0x70, 0x29,
+  0x2c, 0x20, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x63, 0x75, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x2e, 0x62,
+  0x6f, 0x64, 0x79, 0x29, 0x3b, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x3c, 0x2f, 0x73, 0x63,
+  0x72, 0x69, 0x70, 0x74, 0x3e, 0x0a, 0x3c, 0x2f, 0x68, 0x65, 0x61, 0x64,
+  0x3e, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x3c, 0x62, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x79, 0x3e, 0x0a, 0x3c, 0x2f,
+  0x62, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x79, 0x3e, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x3c, 0x2f, 0x68, 0x74, 0x6d,
+  0x6c, 0x3e, 0x0a
 };
-unsigned int index_html_len = 13790;
+unsigned int index_html_len = 13791;
diff --git a/examples/server/public/index.html b/examples/server/public/index.html
index ea93de4aa..1db69a6ba 100644
--- a/examples/server/public/index.html
+++ b/examples/server/public/index.html
@@ -3,12 +3,11 @@
 <head>
   <meta charset="UTF-8">
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1" />
+  <meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark">
   <title>llama.cpp - chat</title>
 
   <style>
     body {
-      background-color: #fff;
-      color: #000;
       font-family: system-ui;
       font-size: 90%;
     }
diff --git a/examples/server/server.cpp b/examples/server/server.cpp
index 83c03065a..c0725088f 100644
--- a/examples/server/server.cpp
+++ b/examples/server/server.cpp
@@ -631,6 +631,9 @@ static void server_print_usage(const char *argv0, const gpt_params &params,
     fprintf(stdout, "                        how to split tensors across multiple GPUs, comma-separated list of proportions, e.g. 3,1\n");
     fprintf(stdout, "  -mg i, --main-gpu i   the GPU to use for scratch and small tensors\n");
     fprintf(stdout, "  -lv, --low-vram don't allocate VRAM scratch buffer\n");
+    fprintf(stdout, "  -mmq, --mul-mat-q     use experimental mul_mat_q CUDA kernels instead of cuBLAS. TEMP!!!\n" );
+    fprintf(stdout, "                        Reduces VRAM usage by 700/970/1430 MiB for 7b/13b/33b but prompt processing speed\n" );
+    fprintf(stdout, "                        is still suboptimal, especially q2_K, q3_K, q5_K, and q6_K.\n" );
 #endif
     fprintf(stdout, "  -m FNAME, --model FNAME\n");
     fprintf(stdout, "                        model path (default: %s)\n", params.model.c_str());
@@ -827,7 +830,7 @@ static void server_params_parse(int argc, char **argv, server_params &sparams,
                 }
             }
 #else
-            LOG_WARNING("llama.cpp was compiled without cuBLAS. It is not possible to set a tensor split.", {});
+            LOG_WARNING("llama.cpp was compiled without cuBLAS. It is not possible to set a tensor split.\n", {});
 #endif // GGML_USE_CUBLAS
         }
         else if (arg == "--low-vram" || arg == "-lv")
@@ -835,7 +838,15 @@ static void server_params_parse(int argc, char **argv, server_params &sparams,
 #ifdef GGML_USE_CUBLAS
             params.low_vram = true;
 #else
-            fprintf(stderr, "warning: llama.cpp was compiled without cuBLAS. It is not possible to set lower vram usage.\n");
+            LOG_WARNING("warning: llama.cpp was compiled without cuBLAS. It is not possible to set lower vram usage.\n", {});
+#endif // GGML_USE_CUBLAS
+        }
+        else if (arg == "--mul-mat-q" || arg == "-mmq")
+        {
+#ifdef GGML_USE_CUBLAS
+            params.mul_mat_q = true;
+#else
+            LOG_WARNING("warning: llama.cpp was compiled without cuBLAS. It is not possible to use mul_mat_q kernels.\n", {});
 #endif // GGML_USE_CUBLAS
         }
         else if (arg == "--main-gpu" || arg == "-mg")
diff --git a/ggml-alloc.c b/ggml-alloc.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e1be61ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml-alloc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,541 @@
+#include "ggml-alloc.h"
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define UNUSED(x) (void)(x)
+#define MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
+
+//#define GGML_ALLOCATOR_DEBUG
+
+//#define AT_PRINTF printf
+#define AT_PRINTF(...) ((void)0)
+
+struct hash_node {
+    struct ggml_tensor * t;
+    int n_children;
+    int n_views;
+};
+
+static size_t hash(void * p) {
+    return (size_t)p % GGML_GRAPH_HASHTABLE_SIZE;
+}
+
+static struct hash_node * hash_get(struct hash_node hash_table[], struct ggml_tensor * t) {
+    size_t h = hash(t);
+
+    // linear probing
+    size_t i = h;
+    while (hash_table[i].t != NULL) {
+        if (hash_table[i].t == t) {
+            return &hash_table[i];
+        }
+        i = (i + 1) % GGML_GRAPH_HASHTABLE_SIZE;
+        if (i == h) {
+            // hash table is full
+            GGML_ASSERT(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    hash_table[i].t = t;
+    return &hash_table[i];
+}
+
+// TODO: GGML_PAD ?
+static size_t aligned_offset(const void * buffer, size_t offset, size_t alignment) {
+    assert(alignment && !(alignment & (alignment - 1))); // power of 2
+    size_t align = (alignment - (((uintptr_t)buffer + offset) % alignment)) % alignment;
+    return offset + align;
+}
+
+struct free_block {
+    void * addr;
+    size_t size;
+};
+
+#define MAX_FREE_BLOCKS 128
+
+struct ggml_allocr {
+    void * data;
+    size_t size;
+    size_t alignment;
+    int n_free_blocks;
+    struct free_block free_blocks[MAX_FREE_BLOCKS];
+    struct hash_node hash_table[GGML_GRAPH_HASHTABLE_SIZE];
+    size_t max_size;
+    bool measure;
+
+#ifdef GGML_ALLOCATOR_DEBUG
+    struct ggml_tensor * allocated_tensors[1024];
+#endif
+};
+
+#ifdef GGML_ALLOCATOR_DEBUG
+static void add_allocated_tensor(struct ggml_allocator * alloc, struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {
+        if (alloc->allocated_tensors[i] == NULL) {
+            alloc->allocated_tensors[i] = tensor;
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    GGML_ASSERT(!"out of allocated_tensors");
+}
+static void remove_allocated_tensor(struct ggml_allocator * alloc, struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {
+        if (alloc->allocated_tensors[i] == tensor ||
+            (alloc->allocated_tensors[i] != NULL && alloc->allocated_tensors[i]->data == tensor->data)) {
+            alloc->allocated_tensors[i] = NULL;
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    printf("tried to free tensor %s not found\n", tensor->name);
+    GGML_ASSERT(!"tensor not found");
+}
+#endif
+
+
+static size_t ggml_allocator_get_alloc_size(struct ggml_allocr * alloc, struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    return ggml_nbytes(tensor);
+
+    UNUSED(alloc);
+}
+
+void ggml_allocr_alloc(struct ggml_allocr * alloc, struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    size_t size = ggml_allocator_get_alloc_size(alloc, tensor);
+    size = aligned_offset(NULL, size, alloc->alignment);
+
+    AT_PRINTF("%s: allocating %s (%zu bytes) - ", __func__, tensor->name, size);
+
+    size_t max_avail = 0;
+
+    // find the best fitting free block
+    int best_fit_block = -1;
+    size_t best_fit_size = SIZE_MAX;
+    for (int i = 0; i < alloc->n_free_blocks; i++) {
+        struct free_block * block = &alloc->free_blocks[i];
+        max_avail = MAX(max_avail, block->size);
+        if (block->size >= size && block->size <= best_fit_size) {
+            best_fit_block = i;
+            best_fit_size = block->size;
+        }
+    }
+
+    AT_PRINTF("block %d\n", best_fit_block);
+
+    if (best_fit_block == -1) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: not enough space in the buffer (needed %zu, largest block available %zu)\n",
+                __func__, size, max_avail);
+        GGML_ASSERT(!"not enough space in the buffer");
+        return;
+    }
+    struct free_block * block = &alloc->free_blocks[best_fit_block];
+    void * addr = block->addr;
+    block->addr = (char*)block->addr + size;
+    block->size -= size;
+    if (block->size == 0) {
+        // remove block if empty
+        alloc->n_free_blocks--;
+        for (int j = best_fit_block; j < alloc->n_free_blocks; j++) {
+            alloc->free_blocks[j] = alloc->free_blocks[j+1];
+        }
+    }
+
+    tensor->data = addr;
+
+#ifdef GGML_ALLOCATOR_DEBUG
+    add_allocated_tensor(alloc, tensor);
+    size_t cur_max = (char*)addr - (char*)alloc->data + size;
+    if (cur_max > alloc->max_size) {
+        printf("max_size = %.2f MB: tensors: ", cur_max / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {
+            if (alloc->allocated_tensors[i]) {
+                printf("%s (%.2f MB) ", alloc->allocated_tensors[i]->name, ggml_nbytes(alloc->allocated_tensors[i]) / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
+            }
+        }
+        printf("\n");
+    }
+#endif
+
+    alloc->max_size = MAX(alloc->max_size, (char*)addr - (char*)alloc->data + size);
+}
+
+// this is a very naive implementation, but for our case the number of free blocks should be very small
+static void ggml_allocator_free_tensor(struct ggml_allocr * alloc, struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    void * ptr = tensor->data;
+
+    if (ptr < alloc->data || (char*)ptr >= (char*)alloc->data + alloc->max_size) {
+        // the tensor was not allocated in this buffer
+        // this can happen because the graph allocator will try to free weights and other tensors from different buffers
+        // the easiest way to deal with this is just to ignore it
+        return;
+    }
+
+    size_t size = ggml_allocator_get_alloc_size(alloc, tensor);
+    size = aligned_offset(NULL, size, alloc->alignment);
+    AT_PRINTF("%s: freeing %s (%zu bytes) - n_free_blocks = %d\n", __func__, tensor->name, size, alloc->n_free_blocks);
+
+#ifdef GGML_ALLOCATOR_DEBUG
+    remove_allocated_tensor(alloc, tensor);
+#endif
+
+    // see if we can merge with an existing block
+    for (int i = 0; i < alloc->n_free_blocks; i++) {
+        struct free_block * block = &alloc->free_blocks[i];
+        // check if ptr is at the end of the block
+        if ((char*)block->addr + block->size == ptr) {
+            block->size += size;
+            // check if we can merge with the next block
+            if (i < alloc->n_free_blocks - 1 && (char*)block->addr + block->size == alloc->free_blocks[i+1].addr) {
+                block->size += alloc->free_blocks[i+1].size;
+                alloc->n_free_blocks--;
+                for (int j = i+1; j < alloc->n_free_blocks; j++) {
+                    alloc->free_blocks[j] = alloc->free_blocks[j+1];
+                }
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        // check if ptr is at the beginning of the block
+        if ((char*)ptr + size == block->addr) {
+            block->addr = ptr;
+            block->size += size;
+            // check if we can merge with the previous block
+            if (i > 0 && (char*)alloc->free_blocks[i-1].addr + alloc->free_blocks[i-1].size == block->addr) {
+                alloc->free_blocks[i-1].size += block->size;
+                alloc->n_free_blocks--;
+                for (int j = i; j < alloc->n_free_blocks; j++) {
+                    alloc->free_blocks[j] = alloc->free_blocks[j+1];
+                }
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    // otherwise, add a new block
+    GGML_ASSERT(alloc->n_free_blocks < MAX_FREE_BLOCKS && "out of free blocks");
+    // insert the new block in the correct position to keep the array sorted by address (to make merging blocks faster)
+    int insert_pos = 0;
+    while (insert_pos < alloc->n_free_blocks && alloc->free_blocks[insert_pos].addr < ptr) {
+        insert_pos++;
+    }
+    // shift all blocks from insert_pos onward to make room for the new block
+    for (int i = alloc->n_free_blocks; i > insert_pos; i--) {
+        alloc->free_blocks[i] = alloc->free_blocks[i-1];
+    }
+    // insert the new block
+    alloc->free_blocks[insert_pos].addr = ptr;
+    alloc->free_blocks[insert_pos].size = size;
+    alloc->n_free_blocks++;
+}
+
+void ggml_allocr_reset(struct ggml_allocr * alloc) {
+    alloc->n_free_blocks = 1;
+    size_t align_offset = aligned_offset(alloc->data, 0, alloc->alignment);
+    alloc->free_blocks[0].addr = (char *)alloc->data + align_offset;
+    alloc->free_blocks[0].size = alloc->size - align_offset;
+}
+
+struct ggml_allocr * ggml_allocr_new(void * data, size_t size, size_t alignment) {
+    struct ggml_allocr * alloc = (struct ggml_allocr *)malloc(sizeof(struct ggml_allocr) /* + n_free_blocks * sizeof(struct free_block) */);
+
+    *alloc = (struct ggml_allocr){
+        /*.data          = */ data,
+        /*.size          = */ size,
+        /*.alignment     = */ alignment,
+        /*.n_free_blocks = */ 0,
+        /*.free_blocks   = */ {{0}},
+        /*.hash_table    = */ {{0}},
+        /*.max_size      = */ 0,
+        /*.measure       = */ false,
+#ifdef GGML_ALLOCATOR_DEBUG
+        /*.allocated_tensors = */ = {0},
+#endif
+    };
+
+    ggml_allocr_reset(alloc);
+
+    return alloc;
+}
+
+// address and size of the buffer when measuring
+// it needs to be large enough to fit all the tensors, but it cannot overlap with other existing buffers
+static void * const MEASURE_BASE_ADDR = (void *) 0x1000;
+static const size_t MEASURE_MAX_SIZE  = 1ULL<<40; // 1 TB
+
+struct ggml_allocr * ggml_allocr_new_measure(size_t alignment) {
+    struct ggml_allocr * alloc = (struct ggml_allocr *)malloc(sizeof(struct ggml_allocr) /* + n_free_blocks * sizeof(struct free_block) */);
+
+    *alloc = (struct ggml_allocr){
+        /*.data          = */ MEASURE_BASE_ADDR,
+        /*.size          = */ MEASURE_MAX_SIZE,
+        /*.alignment     = */ alignment,
+        /*.n_free_blocks = */ 0,
+        /*.free_blocks   = */ {{0}},
+        /*.hash_table    = */ {{0}},
+        /*.max_size      = */ 0,
+        /*.measure       = */ true,
+#ifdef GGML_ALLOCATOR_DEBUG
+        /*.allocated_tensors = */ = {0},
+#endif
+    };
+
+    ggml_allocr_reset(alloc);
+
+    return alloc;
+}
+
+void ggml_allocr_free(struct ggml_allocr * alloc) {
+    free(alloc);
+}
+
+bool ggml_allocr_is_measure(struct ggml_allocr * alloc) {
+    return alloc->measure;
+}
+
+//////////// compute graph allocator
+
+static bool ggml_is_view(struct ggml_tensor * t) {
+    return t->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE || t->op == GGML_OP_VIEW || t->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE ||
+           t->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE || t->op == GGML_OP_CPY;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_are_same_layout(const struct ggml_tensor * a, const struct ggml_tensor * b) {
+    if (a->type != b->type) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+        if (a->ne[i] != b->ne[i]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (a->nb[i] != b->nb[i]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static struct ggml_tensor * get_view_parent(struct ggml_tensor * t) {
+    switch (t->op) {
+        case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
+        case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
+        case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
+        case GGML_OP_VIEW:
+            return t->src[0];
+        case GGML_OP_CPY:
+            return t->src[1];
+        default:
+            return NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+static struct ggml_tensor * get_view_source(struct ggml_tensor * t) {
+    struct ggml_tensor * parent = t;
+    do {
+        parent = get_view_parent(parent);
+    } while (ggml_is_view(parent));
+    return parent;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_op_can_inplace(enum ggml_op op) {
+    switch (op) {
+        case GGML_OP_SCALE:
+        case GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_ZERO:
+        case GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF:
+        case GGML_OP_ADD:
+        case GGML_OP_ADD1:
+        case GGML_OP_ACC:
+        case GGML_OP_SUB:
+        case GGML_OP_MUL:
+        case GGML_OP_DIV:
+        case GGML_OP_SQR:
+        case GGML_OP_SQRT:
+        case GGML_OP_LOG:
+        case GGML_OP_UNARY:
+        case GGML_OP_ROPE:
+        case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
+        case GGML_OP_SET:
+        case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
+        case GGML_OP_CONT:
+            return true;
+
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+}
+
+static void allocate_node(struct ggml_allocr * alloc, struct ggml_tensor * node) {
+    struct hash_node * ht = alloc->hash_table;
+    if (node->data == NULL) {
+        if (ggml_is_view(node)) {
+            size_t offset;
+            switch(node->op) {
+                case GGML_OP_VIEW:
+                    memcpy(&offset, node->op_params, sizeof(size_t));
+                    node->data = (char *) node->src[0]->data + offset;
+                    break;
+                case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
+                case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
+                case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
+                    node->data = node->src[0]->data;
+                    break;
+                case GGML_OP_CPY:
+                    node->data = node->src[1]->data;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    GGML_ASSERT(!"unknown view op");
+                    break;
+            }
+        } else {
+            // see if we can reuse a parent's buffer (inplace)
+            if (ggml_op_can_inplace(node->op)) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+                    struct ggml_tensor * parent = node->src[i];
+                    if (parent == NULL) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    struct hash_node * p_hn = hash_get(ht, parent);
+                    if (parent->data != NULL && p_hn->n_children == 1 && p_hn->n_views == 0 && ggml_are_same_layout(node, parent)) {
+                        if (ggml_is_view(parent)) {
+                            struct ggml_tensor * view_src = get_view_source(parent);
+                            struct hash_node * view_src_hn = hash_get(ht, view_src);
+                            if (view_src_hn->n_views == 1 && view_src_hn->n_children == 0 && view_src->data == parent->data) {
+                                // TODO: the offset of the view parent must be kept to ensure that the op doesn't overwrite
+                                // the parent's data that it will need later (same layout requirement). the problem is that then
+                                // we cannot free the tensor because the original address of the allocation is lost.
+                                // adding a view_src pointer to the tensor would solve this and simplify the code dealing with views
+                                // for now, we only reuse the parent's data if the offset is zero (view_src->data == parent->data)
+                                AT_PRINTF("reusing view parent %s (%s) for %s\n", parent->name, view_src->name, node->name);
+                                node->data = parent->data;
+                                return;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            AT_PRINTF("reusing parent %s for %s\n", parent->name, node->name);
+                            node->data = parent->data;
+                        }
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, node);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static size_t ggml_allocator_alloc_graph_tensors_n(
+    struct ggml_allocr * alloc,
+    struct ggml_cgraph ** graphs, int n_graphs,
+    struct ggml_tensor *** inputs, struct ggml_tensor *** outputs) {
+
+    // reset hash table
+    struct hash_node * ht = alloc->hash_table;
+    memset(ht, 0, sizeof(struct hash_node) * GGML_GRAPH_HASHTABLE_SIZE);
+
+    // count number of children and views
+    for (int g = 0; g < n_graphs; g++) {
+        struct ggml_cgraph * gf = graphs[g];
+        for (int i = 0; i < gf->n_nodes; i++) {
+            struct ggml_tensor * node = gf->nodes[i];
+
+            if (ggml_is_view(node)) {
+                struct ggml_tensor * view_src = get_view_source(node);
+                hash_get(ht, view_src)->n_views += 1;
+            }
+
+            for (int j = 0; j < GGML_MAX_SRC; j++) {
+                struct ggml_tensor * parent = node->src[j];
+                if (parent == NULL) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                hash_get(ht, parent)->n_children += 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // allocate tensors
+    for (int g = 0; g < n_graphs; g++) {
+        struct ggml_cgraph * gf = graphs[g];
+        AT_PRINTF("####### graph %d/%d\n", g, n_graphs);
+        // graph inputs are allocated first to ensure that they are not overwritten by each other
+        if (inputs != NULL && inputs[g] != NULL) {
+            for (int i = 0; inputs[g][i] != NULL; i++) {
+                struct ggml_tensor * input = inputs[g][i];
+                AT_PRINTF("input: %s\n", input->name);
+                allocate_node(alloc, input);
+            }
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < gf->n_nodes; i++) {
+            struct ggml_tensor * node = gf->nodes[i];
+
+            // allocate parents (leafs)
+            for (int j = 0; j < GGML_MAX_SRC; j++) {
+                struct ggml_tensor * parent = node->src[j];
+                if (parent == NULL) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                allocate_node(alloc, parent);
+            }
+
+            // allocate node
+            allocate_node(alloc, node);
+
+            AT_PRINTF("exec: %s (%s) <= ", ggml_op_name(node->op), node->name);
+            for (int j = 0; j < GGML_MAX_SRC; j++) {
+                struct ggml_tensor * parent = node->src[j];
+                if (parent == NULL) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                AT_PRINTF("%s", parent->name);
+                if (j < GGML_MAX_SRC - 1 && node->src[j + 1] != NULL) {
+                    AT_PRINTF(", ");
+                }
+            }
+            AT_PRINTF("\n");
+
+            // update parents
+            for (int j = 0; j < GGML_MAX_SRC; j++) {
+                struct ggml_tensor * parent = node->src[j];
+                if (parent == NULL) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                struct hash_node * p_hn = hash_get(ht, parent);
+                p_hn->n_children -= 1;
+
+                //AT_PRINTF("parent %s: %d children, %d views\n", parent->name, parent->n_children, parent->n_views);
+
+                if (p_hn->n_children == 0 && p_hn->n_views == 0) {
+                    if (ggml_is_view(parent)) {
+                        struct ggml_tensor * view_src = get_view_source(parent);
+                        struct hash_node * view_src_hn = hash_get(ht, view_src);
+                        view_src_hn->n_views -= 1;
+                        AT_PRINTF("view_src %s: %d children, %d views\n", view_src->name, view_src->n_children, view_src->n_views);
+                        if (view_src_hn->n_views == 0 && view_src_hn->n_children == 0 && view_src->data != node->data) {
+                            ggml_allocator_free_tensor(alloc, view_src);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        if (parent->data != node->data) {
+                            ggml_allocator_free_tensor(alloc, parent);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            AT_PRINTF("\n");
+        }
+        // free graph outputs here that wouldn't be freed otherwise because they have no children
+        if (outputs != NULL && outputs[g] != NULL) {
+            for (int i = 0; outputs[g][i] != NULL; i++) {
+                struct ggml_tensor * output = outputs[g][i];
+                AT_PRINTF("output: %s\n", output->name);
+                ggml_allocator_free_tensor(alloc, output);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return alloc->max_size;
+}
+
+size_t ggml_allocr_alloc_graph(struct ggml_allocr * alloc, struct ggml_cgraph * graph) {
+    return ggml_allocator_alloc_graph_tensors_n(alloc, &graph, 1, NULL, NULL);
+}
diff --git a/ggml-alloc.h b/ggml-alloc.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a5ec8f87a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml-alloc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ggml.h"
+
+#ifdef  __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+
+GGML_API struct ggml_allocr * ggml_allocr_new(void * data, size_t size, size_t alignment);
+GGML_API struct ggml_allocr * ggml_allocr_new_measure(size_t alignment);
+
+GGML_API void   ggml_allocr_free(struct ggml_allocr * alloc);
+GGML_API bool   ggml_allocr_is_measure(struct ggml_allocr * alloc);
+GGML_API void   ggml_allocr_reset(struct ggml_allocr * alloc);
+GGML_API void   ggml_allocr_alloc(struct ggml_allocr * alloc, struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
+GGML_API size_t ggml_allocr_alloc_graph(struct ggml_allocr * alloc, struct ggml_cgraph * graph);
+
+
+#ifdef  __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/ggml-cuda.cu b/ggml-cuda.cu
index d31fc79c1..f11fbe57c 100644
--- a/ggml-cuda.cu
+++ b/ggml-cuda.cu
@@ -52,13 +52,41 @@ static_assert(sizeof(half) == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t), "wrong fp16 size");
     } while (0)
 #endif // CUDART_VERSION >= 11
 
-#ifdef GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_F16
 typedef half dfloat; // dequantize float
 typedef half2 dfloat2;
 #else
 typedef float dfloat; // dequantize float
 typedef float2 dfloat2;
-#endif //GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16
+#endif //GGML_CUDA_F16
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_int_from_int8(const int8_t * x8, const int & i32) {
+    const uint16_t * x16 = (uint16_t *) (x8 + sizeof(int) * i32); // assume at least 2 byte alignment
+
+    int x32 = 0;
+    x32 |= x16[0] <<  0;
+    x32 |= x16[1] << 16;
+
+    return x32;
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_int_from_uint8(const uint8_t * x8, const int & i32) {
+    const uint16_t * x16 = (uint16_t *) (x8 + sizeof(int) * i32); // assume at least 2 byte alignment
+
+    int x32 = 0;
+    x32 |= x16[0] <<  0;
+    x32 |= x16[1] << 16;
+
+    return x32;
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_int_from_int8_aligned(const int8_t * x8, const int & i32) {
+    return *((int *) (x8 + sizeof(int) * i32)); // assume at least 4 byte alignment
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_int_from_uint8_aligned(const uint8_t * x8, const int & i32) {
+    return *((int *) (x8 + sizeof(int) * i32)); // assume at least 4 byte alignment
+}
 
 typedef void (*dequantize_kernel_t)(const void * vx, const int ib, const int iqs, dfloat2 & v);
 typedef void (*to_fp32_cuda_t)(const void * __restrict__ x, float * __restrict__ y, int k, cudaStream_t stream);
@@ -87,8 +115,7 @@ static_assert(sizeof(block_q4_0) == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) + QK4_0 / 2, "wrong q4_0
 #define QR4_1 2
 #define QI4_1 (QK4_1 / (4 * QR4_1))
 typedef struct {
-    half    d;              // delta
-    half    m;              // min
+    half2   dm;             // dm.x = delta, dm.y = min
     uint8_t qs[QK4_1 / 2];  // nibbles / quants
 } block_q4_1;
 static_assert(sizeof(block_q4_1) == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) * 2 + QK4_1 / 2, "wrong q4_1 block size/padding");
@@ -107,8 +134,7 @@ static_assert(sizeof(block_q5_0) == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) + sizeof(uint32_t) + QK5
 #define QR5_1 2
 #define QI5_1 (QK5_1 / (4 * QR5_1))
 typedef struct {
-    half d;                 // delta
-    half m;                 // min
+    half2 dm;               // dm.x = delta, dm.y = min
     uint8_t qh[4];          // 5-th bit of quants
     uint8_t qs[QK5_1 / 2];  // nibbles / quants
 } block_q5_1;
@@ -127,13 +153,19 @@ static_assert(sizeof(block_q8_0) == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) + QK8_0, "wrong q8_0 blo
 #define QR8_1 1
 #define QI8_1 (QK8_1 / (4 * QR8_1))
 typedef struct {
-    half    d;              // delta
-    half    s;              // unquantized sum
+    half2   ds;             // ds.x = delta, ds.y = sum
     int8_t  qs[QK8_0];      // quants
 } block_q8_1;
 static_assert(sizeof(block_q8_1) == 2*sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) + QK8_0, "wrong q8_1 block size/padding");
 
-typedef float (*vec_dot_q_cuda_t)(const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1, const int iqs);
+typedef float (*vec_dot_q_cuda_t)(const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1, const int & iqs);
+typedef void (*allocate_tiles_cuda_t)(int ** x_ql, half2 ** x_dm, int ** x_qh, int ** x_sc);
+typedef void (*load_tiles_cuda_t)(
+    const void * __restrict__ vx, int * __restrict__ x_ql, half2 * __restrict__ x_dm, int * __restrict__ x_qh,
+    int * __restrict__ x_sc, const int & i_offset, const int & k, const int & blocks_per_row);
+typedef float (*vec_dot_q_mul_mat_cuda_t)(
+    const int * __restrict__ x_ql, const half2 * __restrict__ x_dm, const int * __restrict__ x_qh, const int * __restrict__ x_sc,
+    const int * __restrict__ y_qs, const half2 * __restrict__ y_ms, const int & i, const int & j, const int & k);
 
 //================================= k-quants
 
@@ -150,8 +182,7 @@ typedef float (*vec_dot_q_cuda_t)(const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_
 typedef struct {
     uint8_t scales[QK_K/16]; // scales and mins, quantized with 4 bits
     uint8_t qs[QK_K/4];      // quants
-    half d;                  // super-block scale for quantized scales
-    half dmin;               // super-block scale for quantized mins
+    half2 dm;                // super-block scale for quantized scales/mins
 } block_q2_K;
 static_assert(sizeof(block_q2_K) == 2*sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) + QK_K/16 + QK_K/4, "wrong q2_K block size/padding");
 
@@ -180,8 +211,7 @@ typedef struct {
 static_assert(sizeof(block_q4_K) == 2*sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) + QK_K/2 + 2, "wrong q4_K block size/padding");
 #else
 typedef struct {
-    half d;                    // super-block scale for quantized scales
-    half dmin;                 // super-block scale for quantized mins
+    half2 dm;                  // super-block scale for quantized scales/mins
     uint8_t scales[3*QK_K/64]; // scales, quantized with 6 bits
     uint8_t qs[QK_K/2];        // 4--bit quants
 } block_q4_K;
@@ -200,11 +230,10 @@ typedef struct {
 static_assert(sizeof(block_q5_K) == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) + QK_K/2 + QK_K/8 + QK_K/16, "wrong q5_K block size/padding");
 #else
 typedef struct {
-    half d;               // super-block scale for quantized scales
-    half dmin;            // super-block scale for quantized mins
-    uint8_t scales[K_SCALE_SIZE];   // scales and mins, quantized with 6 bits
-    uint8_t qh[QK_K/8];          // quants, high bit
-    uint8_t qs[QK_K/2];          // quants, low 4 bits
+    half2 dm;                     // super-block scale for quantized scales/mins
+    uint8_t scales[K_SCALE_SIZE]; // scales and mins, quantized with 6 bits
+    uint8_t qh[QK_K/8];           // quants, high bit
+    uint8_t qs[QK_K/2];           // quants, low 4 bits
 } block_q5_K;
 static_assert(sizeof(block_q5_K) == 2*sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) + K_SCALE_SIZE + QK_K/2 + QK_K/8, "wrong q5_K block size/padding");
 #endif
@@ -233,6 +262,10 @@ static_assert(sizeof(block_q6_K) == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) + 13*QK_K/16, "wrong q6_
 #define CUDA_QUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE 256
 #define CUDA_DEQUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE 256
 
+#ifndef GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y
+#define GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y 64
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y
+
 // dmmv = dequantize_mul_mat_vec
 #ifndef GGML_CUDA_DMMV_X
 #define GGML_CUDA_DMMV_X 32
@@ -367,33 +400,33 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_q4_0(const void * vx, const in
     v.x = vui & 0xF;
     v.y = vui >> 4;
 
-#ifdef GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_F16
     v = __hsub2(v, {8.0f, 8.0f});
     v = __hmul2(v, {d, d});
 #else
     v.x = (v.x - 8.0f) * d;
     v.y = (v.y - 8.0f) * d;
-#endif // GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_F16
 }
 
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_q4_1(const void * vx, const int ib, const int iqs, dfloat2 & v){
     const block_q4_1 * x = (const block_q4_1 *) vx;
 
-    const dfloat d = x[ib].d;
-    const dfloat m = x[ib].m;
+    const dfloat d = x[ib].dm.x;
+    const dfloat m = x[ib].dm.y;
 
     const int vui = x[ib].qs[iqs];
 
     v.x = vui & 0xF;
     v.y = vui >> 4;
 
-#ifdef GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_F16
     v = __hmul2(v, {d, d});
     v = __hadd2(v, {m, m});
 #else
     v.x = (v.x * d) + m;
     v.y = (v.y * d) + m;
-#endif // GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_F16
 }
 
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_q5_0(const void * vx, const int ib, const int iqs, dfloat2 & v){
@@ -410,20 +443,20 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_q5_0(const void * vx, const in
     v.x = ((x[ib].qs[iqs] & 0xf) | xh_0);
     v.y = ((x[ib].qs[iqs] >>  4) | xh_1);
 
-#ifdef GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_F16
     v = __hsub2(v, {16.0f, 16.0f});
     v = __hmul2(v, {d, d});
 #else
     v.x = (v.x - 16.0f) * d;
     v.y = (v.y - 16.0f) * d;
-#endif // GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_F16
 }
 
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_q5_1(const void * vx, const int ib, const int iqs, dfloat2 & v){
     const block_q5_1 * x = (const block_q5_1 *) vx;
 
-    const dfloat d = x[ib].d;
-    const dfloat m = x[ib].m;
+    const dfloat d = x[ib].dm.x;
+    const dfloat m = x[ib].dm.y;
 
     uint32_t qh;
     memcpy(&qh, x[ib].qh, sizeof(qh));
@@ -434,13 +467,13 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_q5_1(const void * vx, const in
     v.x = ((x[ib].qs[iqs] & 0xf) | xh_0);
     v.y = ((x[ib].qs[iqs] >>  4) | xh_1);
 
-#ifdef GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_F16
     v = __hmul2(v, {d, d});
     v = __hadd2(v, {m, m});
 #else
     v.x = (v.x * d) + m;
     v.y = (v.y * d) + m;
-#endif // GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_F16
 }
 
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_q8_0(const void * vx, const int ib, const int iqs, dfloat2 & v){
@@ -451,12 +484,12 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void dequantize_q8_0(const void * vx, const in
     v.x = x[ib].qs[iqs + 0];
     v.y = x[ib].qs[iqs + 1];
 
-#ifdef GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_F16
     v = __hmul2(v, {d, d});
 #else
     v.x *= d;
     v.y *= d;
-#endif // GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_F16
 }
 
 //================================== k-quants
@@ -475,8 +508,8 @@ static __global__ void dequantize_block_q2_K(const void * __restrict__ vx, float
     const uint8_t q = x[i].qs[32*n + l];
     float * y = yy + i*QK_K + 128*n;
 
-    float dall = x[i].d;
-    float dmin = x[i].dmin;
+    float dall = x[i].dm.x;
+    float dmin = x[i].dm.y;
     y[l+ 0] = dall * (x[i].scales[is+0] & 0xF) * ((q >> 0) & 3) - dmin * (x[i].scales[is+0] >> 4);
     y[l+32] = dall * (x[i].scales[is+2] & 0xF) * ((q >> 2) & 3) - dmin * (x[i].scales[is+2] >> 4);
     y[l+64] = dall * (x[i].scales[is+4] & 0xF) * ((q >> 4) & 3) - dmin * (x[i].scales[is+4] >> 4);
@@ -486,8 +519,8 @@ static __global__ void dequantize_block_q2_K(const void * __restrict__ vx, float
     const int il = tid%16;  // 0...15
     const uint8_t q = x[i].qs[il] >> (2*is);
     float * y = yy + i*QK_K + 16*is + il;
-    float dall = x[i].d;
-    float dmin = x[i].dmin;
+    float dall = x[i].dm.x;
+    float dmin = x[i].dm.y;
     y[ 0] = dall * (x[i].scales[is+0] & 0xF) * ((q >> 0) & 3) - dmin * (x[i].scales[is+0] >> 4);
     y[32] = dall * (x[i].scales[is+2] & 0xF) * ((q >> 4) & 3) - dmin * (x[i].scales[is+2] >> 4);
 #endif
@@ -573,8 +606,8 @@ static __global__ void dequantize_block_q4_K(const void * __restrict__ vx, float
 
     float * y = yy + i*QK_K + 64*il + n*ir;
 
-    const float dall = x[i].d;
-    const float dmin = x[i].dmin;
+    const float dall = x[i].dm.x;
+    const float dmin = x[i].dm.y;
 
     const uint8_t * q = x[i].qs + 32*il + n*ir;
 
@@ -612,8 +645,8 @@ static __global__ void dequantize_block_q5_K(const void * __restrict__ vx, float
 
     float * y = yy + i*QK_K + 64*il + 2*ir;
 
-    const float dall = x[i].d;
-    const float dmin = x[i].dmin;
+    const float dall = x[i].dm.x;
+    const float dmin = x[i].dm.y;
 
     const uint8_t * ql = x[i].qs + 32*il + 2*ir;
     const uint8_t * qh = x[i].qh + 2*ir;
@@ -725,8 +758,8 @@ static __global__ void dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q2_k(const void * __restrict__ vx,
         const float   * y = yy + i * QK_K + y_offset;
         const uint8_t * q = x[i].qs + q_offset;
 
-        const float dall = x[i].d;
-        const float dmin = x[i].dmin;
+        const float dall = x[i].dm.x;
+        const float dmin = x[i].dm.y;
 
         const uint32_t * a = (const uint32_t *)(x[i].scales + s_offset);
         aux[0] = a[0] & 0x0f0f0f0f;
@@ -768,9 +801,7 @@ static __global__ void dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q2_k(const void * __restrict__ vx,
         uaux[0] = s[0] & 0x0f0f0f0f;
         uaux[1] = (s[0] >> 4) & 0x0f0f0f0f;
 
-        const half2 * dh = (const half2 *)&x[i].d;
-
-        const float2 dall = __half22float2(dh[0]);
+        const float2 dall = __half22float2(x[i].dm);
 
         float sum1 = 0, sum2 = 0;
         for (int l = 0; l < K_QUANTS_PER_ITERATION; ++l) {
@@ -948,8 +979,8 @@ static __global__ void dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q4_k(const void * __restrict__ vx,
         const float   * y1 = yy + i*QK_K + y_offset;
         const float   * y2 = y1 + 128;
 
-        const float dall = x[i].d;
-        const float dmin = x[i].dmin;
+        const float dall = x[i].dm.x;
+        const float dmin = x[i].dm.y;
 
         const uint16_t * a = (const uint16_t *)x[i].scales;
         aux[0] = a[im+0] & kmask1;
@@ -1081,8 +1112,8 @@ static __global__ void dequantize_mul_mat_vec_q5_k(const void * __restrict__ vx,
         const float   * y1  = yy + i*QK_K + y_offset;
         const float   * y2  = y1 + 128;
 
-        const float dall = x[i].d;
-        const float dmin = x[i].dmin;
+        const float dall = x[i].dm.x;
+        const float dmin = x[i].dm.y;
 
         const uint16_t * a = (const uint16_t *)x[i].scales;
         aux[0] = a[im+0] & kmask1;
@@ -1270,19 +1301,23 @@ static __device__ void convert_f16(const void * vx, const int ib, const int iqs,
     v.y = x[ib + iqs + 1];
 }
 
-static __global__ void quantize_q8_1(const float * __restrict__ x, void * __restrict__ vy, const int ndata, const int k) {
-    const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
+static __global__ void quantize_q8_1(const float * __restrict__ x, void * __restrict__ vy, const int kx, const int kx_padded) {
+    const int ix = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
 
-    if (i >= k) {
+    if (ix >= kx_padded) {
         return;
     }
 
+    const int iy = blockDim.y*blockIdx.y + threadIdx.y;
+
+    const int i_padded = iy*kx_padded + ix;
+
     block_q8_1 * y = (block_q8_1 *) vy;
 
-    const int ib = i / QK8_1; // block index
-    const int iqs = i % QK8_1; // quant index
+    const int ib = i_padded / QK8_1; // block index
+    const int iqs = i_padded % QK8_1; // quant index
 
-    const float xi = i < ndata ? x[i] : 0.0f;
+    const float xi = ix < kx ? x[iy*kx + ix] : 0.0f;
     float amax = fabsf(xi);
     float sum = xi;
 
@@ -1301,8 +1336,8 @@ static __global__ void quantize_q8_1(const float * __restrict__ x, void * __rest
         return;
     }
 
-    y[ib].d = d;
-    y[ib].s = sum;
+    y[ib].ds.x = d;
+    y[ib].ds.y = sum;
 }
 
 template <int qk, int qr, dequantize_kernel_t dequantize_kernel>
@@ -1326,45 +1361,15 @@ static __global__ void dequantize_block(const void * __restrict__ vx, float * __
     y[iybs + iqs + y_offset] = v.y;
 }
 
-static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q4_0_q8_1(
-    const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1, const int iqs) {
+// VDR = vec dot ratio, how many contiguous integers each thread processes when the vec dot kernel is called
+
+#define VDR_q4_0_q8_1 1
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q4_0_q8_1_impl(
+    const int & vi, const int & ui0, const int & ui1, const half & d4, const half2 & ds8) {
+
 #if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A // lowest compute capability for integer intrinsics
-    const block_q4_0 * bq4_0 = (const block_q4_0 *) vbq;
-
-    int vi;
-    memcpy(&vi,  &bq4_0->qs[sizeof(int) * (iqs + 0)], sizeof(int));
-    const int ui0 = *((int *) &bq8_1->qs[sizeof(int) * (iqs + 0)]);
-    const int ui1 = *((int *) &bq8_1->qs[sizeof(int) * (iqs + QI4_0)]);
-
-    const float d = __half2float(bq4_0->d) * __half2float(bq8_1->d);
-
     // subtract 8 from each quantized value
-    const int vi0 = __vsub4((vi >> 0) & 0x0F0F0F0F, 0x08080808);
-    const int vi1 = __vsub4((vi >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F, 0x08080808);
-
-    // SIMD dot product of quantized values
-    int sumi = __dp4a(vi0, ui0, 0);
-    sumi     = __dp4a(vi1, ui1, sumi);
-
-    return sumi*d;
-#else
-    return 0.0f; // only to satisfy the compiler
-#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A
-}
-
-static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(
-    const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1, const int iqs) {
-#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A // lowest compute capability for integer intrinsics
-    const block_q4_1 * bq4_1 = (const block_q4_1 *) vbq;
-
-    const int vi  = *((int *) &bq4_1->qs[sizeof(int) * (iqs + 0)]);
-    const int ui0 = *((int *) &bq8_1->qs[sizeof(int) * (iqs + 0)]);
-    const int ui1 = *((int *) &bq8_1->qs[sizeof(int) * (iqs + QI4_1)]);
-
-    const float d = __half2float(bq4_1->d) * __half2float(bq8_1->d);
-    const float m = bq4_1->m;
-    const float s = bq8_1->s;
-
     const int vi0 = (vi >> 0) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
     const int vi1 = (vi >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
 
@@ -1372,184 +1377,681 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(
     int sumi = __dp4a(vi0, ui0, 0);
     sumi     = __dp4a(vi1, ui1, sumi);
 
-    return sumi*d + m*s / QI4_1; // scale sum by QI4_1 because there are QI4_1 threads working on this block
+    return __half2float(d4) * (sumi * __half2float(ds8.x) - (8/QI4_0) * __half2float(ds8.y));
+#else
+    return 0.0f; // only to satisfy the compiler
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q4_0_q8_1(
+    const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1, const int & iqs) {
+
+    const block_q4_0 * bq4_0 = (const block_q4_0 *) vbq;
+
+    const int vi  = get_int_from_uint8(bq4_0->qs, iqs);
+    const int ui0 = get_int_from_int8_aligned(bq8_1->qs, iqs);
+    const int ui1 = get_int_from_int8_aligned(bq8_1->qs, iqs + QI4_0);
+
+    return vec_dot_q4_0_q8_1_impl(vi, ui0, ui1, bq4_0->d, bq8_1->ds);
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void allocate_tiles_q4_0(int ** x_ql, half2 ** x_dm, int ** x_qh, int ** x_sc) {
+
+    __shared__ int  tile_x_qs[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE)       + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y];
+    __shared__ half2 tile_x_d[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE/QI4_0) + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y/QI4_0];
+
+    *x_ql = tile_x_qs;
+    *x_dm = tile_x_d;
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q4_0(
+    const void * __restrict__ vx, int * __restrict__ x_ql, half2 * __restrict__ x_dm, int * __restrict__ x_qh,
+    int * __restrict__ x_sc, const int & i_offset, const int & k, const int & blocks_per_row) {
+
+    __builtin_assume(i_offset >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(i_offset <  8);
+    __builtin_assume(k >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(k <  WARP_SIZE);
+
+    const int kbx  = k / QI4_0;
+    const int kqsx = k % QI4_0;
+
+    const block_q4_0 * bx0 = (block_q4_0 *) vx;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8) {
+        const int i = i0 + i_offset;
+
+        const block_q4_0 * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + kbx;
+
+        x_ql[i * (WARP_SIZE + 1) + k] = get_int_from_uint8(bxi->qs, kqsx);
+        x_dm[i * (WARP_SIZE/QI4_0) + i / QI4_0 + kbx].x = bxi->d;
+    }
+
+//     const int blocks_per_tile_x_row = WARP_SIZE / QI4_0;
+//     const int kbxd = k % blocks_per_tile_x_row;
+
+// #pragma unroll
+//     for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8 * QI4_0) {
+//         const int i = i0 + i_offset * QI4_0 + k / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
+
+//         if (i >= GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y) {
+//             return;
+//         }
+
+//         const block_q4_0 * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + kbxd;
+
+//         x_dm[i * (WARP_SIZE/QI4_0) + i / QI4_0 + kbxd].x = bxi->d;
+//     }
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q4_0_q8_1_mul_mat(
+    const int * __restrict__ x_ql, const half2 * __restrict__ x_dm, const int * __restrict__ x_qh, const int * __restrict__ x_sc,
+    const int * __restrict__ y_qs, const half2 * __restrict__ y_ds, const int & i, const int & j, const int & k) {
+
+    __builtin_assume(i >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(i <  GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y);
+    __builtin_assume(j >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(j <  WARP_SIZE);
+    __builtin_assume(k >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(k <  WARP_SIZE);
+
+    const int kyqs = k % (QI8_1/2) + QI8_1 * (k / (QI8_1/2));
+
+    return vec_dot_q4_0_q8_1_impl(
+        x_ql[i * (WARP_SIZE + 1) + k], y_qs[j * (2*WARP_SIZE) + kyqs], y_qs[j * (2*WARP_SIZE) + kyqs + (QI8_1/2)],
+        x_dm[i * (WARP_SIZE/QI4_0) + i/QI4_0 + k/QI4_0].x, y_ds[j * (2*WARP_SIZE/QI8_1) + 2*k/QI8_1]);
+}
+
+#define VDR_q4_1_q8_1 1
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_impl(
+    const int & vi, const int & ui0, const int & ui1, const half2 & dm4, const half2 & ds8) {
+
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A // lowest compute capability for integer intrinsics
+    const int vi0 = (vi >> 0) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+    const int vi1 = (vi >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+
+    // SIMD dot product of quantized values
+    int sumi = __dp4a(vi0, ui0, 0);
+    sumi     = __dp4a(vi1, ui1, sumi);
+
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_F16
+    const half2 tmp = __hmul2(dm4, ds8);
+    const float d4d8 = __half2float(tmp.x);
+    const float m4s8 = __half2float(tmp.y);
+#else
+    const float d4d8 = __half2float(dm4.x) * __half2float(ds8.x);
+    const float m4s8 = __half2float(dm4.y) * __half2float(ds8.y);
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_F16
+
+    // scale second part of sum by QI8_1/QR4_1 to compensate for multiple threads adding it
+    return sumi * d4d8 + m4s8 / (QI8_1 / QR4_1);
+#else
+    return 0.0f; // only to satisfy the compiler
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(
+    const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1, const int & iqs) {
+
+    const block_q4_1 * bq4_1 = (const block_q4_1 *) vbq;
+
+    const int vi = get_int_from_uint8_aligned(bq4_1->qs, iqs);
+    const int ui0 = get_int_from_int8_aligned(bq8_1->qs, iqs);
+    const int ui1 = get_int_from_int8_aligned(bq8_1->qs, iqs + QI4_1);
+
+    return vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_impl(vi, ui0, ui1, bq4_1->dm, bq8_1->ds);
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void allocate_tiles_q4_1(int ** x_ql, half2 ** x_dm, int ** x_qh, int ** x_sc) {
+
+    __shared__ int   tile_x_qs[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE) +     + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y];
+    __shared__ half2 tile_x_dm[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE/QI4_1) + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y/QI4_1];
+
+    *x_ql = tile_x_qs;
+    *x_dm = tile_x_dm;
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q4_1(
+    const void * __restrict__ vx, int * __restrict__ x_ql, half2 * __restrict__ x_dm, int * __restrict__ x_qh,
+    int * __restrict__ x_sc, const int & i_offset, const int & k, const int & blocks_per_row) {
+
+    __builtin_assume(i_offset >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(i_offset <  8);
+    __builtin_assume(k >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(k <  WARP_SIZE);
+
+    const int kbx  = k / QI4_1;
+    const int kqsx = k % QI4_1;
+
+    const block_q4_1 * bx0 = (block_q4_1 *) vx;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8) {
+        const int i = i0 + i_offset;
+
+        const block_q4_1 * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + kbx;
+
+        x_ql[i * (WARP_SIZE + 1) + k] = get_int_from_uint8_aligned(bxi->qs, kqsx);
+    }
+
+    const int blocks_per_tile_x_row = WARP_SIZE / QI4_1;
+    const int kbxd = k % blocks_per_tile_x_row;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8 * QI4_1) {
+        const int i = i0 + i_offset * QI4_1 + k / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
+
+        const block_q4_1 * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + kbxd;
+
+        x_dm[i * (WARP_SIZE/QI4_1) + i / QI4_1 + kbxd] = bxi->dm;
+    }
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_mul_mat(
+    const int * __restrict__ x_ql, const half2 * __restrict__ x_dm, const int * __restrict__ x_qh, const int * __restrict__ x_sc,
+    const int * __restrict__ y_qs, const half2 * __restrict__ y_ds, const int & i, const int & j, const int & k) {
+
+    __builtin_assume(i >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(i <  GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y);
+    __builtin_assume(j >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(j <  WARP_SIZE);
+    __builtin_assume(k >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(k <  WARP_SIZE);
+
+    const int kyqs = k % (QI8_1/2) + QI8_1 * (k / (QI8_1/2));
+
+    return vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_impl(
+        x_ql[i * (WARP_SIZE + 1) + k], y_qs[j * (2*WARP_SIZE) + kyqs], y_qs[j * (2*WARP_SIZE) + kyqs + (QI8_1/2)],
+        x_dm[i * (WARP_SIZE/QI4_1) + i/QI4_1 + k/QI4_1], y_ds[j * (2*WARP_SIZE/QI8_1) + 2*k/QI8_1]);
+}
+
+#define VDR_q5_0_q8_1 1
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q5_0_q8_1_impl(
+    const int & qs, const int & qh, const int & ui0, const int & ui1, const half & d5, const half2 & ds8) {
+
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A // lowest compute capability for integer intrinsics
+    int vi0 = (qs >>  0) & 0x0F0F0F0F; // lower 4 qs bits, still need qh as 5th bits
+    vi0    |= (qh <<  4) & 0x00000010; // 0 ->  4
+    vi0    |= (qh << 11) & 0x00001000; // 1 -> 12
+    vi0    |= (qh << 18) & 0x00100000; // 2 -> 20
+    vi0    |= (qh << 25) & 0x10000000; // 3 -> 28
+    int sumi = __dp4a(vi0, ui0, 0); // SIMD dot product of quantized values
+
+    int vi1 = (qs >>  4) & 0x0F0F0F0F; // upper 4 qs bits, still need qh as 5th bits
+    vi1    |= (qh >> 12) & 0x00000010; // 16 ->  4
+    vi1    |= (qh >>  5) & 0x00001000; // 17 -> 12
+    vi1    |= (qh <<  2) & 0x00100000; // 18 -> 20
+    vi1    |= (qh <<  9) & 0x10000000; // 19 -> 28
+    sumi = __dp4a(vi1, ui1, sumi); // SIMD dot product of quantized values
+
+    return __half2float(d5) * (sumi*__half2float(ds8.x) - (16/QI5_0) * __half2float(ds8.y));
 #else
     return 0.0f; // only to satisfy the compiler
 #endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A
 }
 
 static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q5_0_q8_1(
-    const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1, const int iqs) {
-#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A // lowest compute capability for integer intrinsics
+    const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1, const int & iqs) {
+
     const block_q5_0 * bq5_0 = (const block_q5_0 *) vbq;
 
-    int qs;
-    memcpy(&qs, &bq5_0->qs[sizeof(int) * (iqs + 0)], sizeof(int));
-    const int qh0 = bq5_0->qh[iqs/2 + 0] >> 4*(iqs%2);
-    const int qh1 = bq5_0->qh[iqs/2 + 2] >> 4*(iqs%2);
-    const int ui0 = *((int *) &bq8_1->qs[sizeof(int) * (iqs + 0)]);
-    const int ui1 = *((int *) &bq8_1->qs[sizeof(int) * (iqs + QI5_0)]);
+    const int qs = get_int_from_uint8(bq5_0->qs, iqs);
+    const int qh = get_int_from_uint8(bq5_0->qh, 0) >> (4 * iqs);
+    const int ui0 = get_int_from_int8_aligned(bq8_1->qs, iqs);
+    const int ui1 = get_int_from_int8_aligned(bq8_1->qs, iqs + QI5_0);
 
-    const float d = __half2float(bq5_0->d) * __half2float(bq8_1->d);
+    return vec_dot_q5_0_q8_1_impl(qs, qh, ui0, ui1, bq5_0->d, bq8_1->ds);
+}
 
-    int vi0 = (qs  >>  0) & 0x0F0F0F0F; // lower 4 qs bits, still need qh0 as 5th bits
-    vi0    |= (qh0 <<  4) & 0x00000010; // 1 ->  5
-    vi0    |= (qh0 << 11) & 0x00001000; // 2 -> 13
-    vi0    |= (qh0 << 18) & 0x00100000; // 3 -> 21
-    vi0    |= (qh0 << 25) & 0x10000000; // 4 -> 29
-    vi0     = __vsub4(vi0,  0x10101010); // subtract 16 from quantized values
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void allocate_tiles_q5_0(int ** x_ql, half2 ** x_dm, int ** x_qh, int ** x_sc) {
+
+    __shared__ int  tile_x_ql[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE)       + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y];
+    __shared__ int  tile_x_qh[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE/QI5_0) + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y/QI5_0];
+    __shared__ half2 tile_x_d[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE/QI5_0) + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y/QI5_0];
+
+    *x_ql = tile_x_ql;
+    *x_qh = tile_x_qh;
+    *x_dm = tile_x_d;
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q5_0(
+    const void * __restrict__ vx, int * __restrict__ x_ql, half2 * __restrict__ x_dm, int * __restrict__ x_qh,
+    int * __restrict__ x_sc, const int & i_offset, const int & k, const int & blocks_per_row) {
+
+    __builtin_assume(i_offset >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(i_offset <  8);
+    __builtin_assume(k >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(k <  WARP_SIZE);
+
+    const int kbx  = k / QI5_0;
+    const int kqsx = k % QI5_0;
+
+    const block_q5_0 * bx0 = (block_q5_0 *) vx;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8) {
+        const int i = i0 + i_offset;
+
+        const block_q5_0 * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + kbx;
+
+        x_ql[i * (WARP_SIZE + 1) + k] = get_int_from_uint8(bxi->qs, kqsx);
+    }
+
+    const int blocks_per_tile_x_row = WARP_SIZE / QI5_0;
+    const int kbxd = k % blocks_per_tile_x_row;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8 * QI5_0) {
+        const int i = i0 + i_offset * QI5_0 + k / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
+
+        const block_q5_0 * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + kbxd;
+
+        x_qh[i * (WARP_SIZE/QI5_0) + i / QI5_0 + kbxd]   = get_int_from_uint8(bxi->qh, 0);
+        x_dm[i * (WARP_SIZE/QI5_0) + i / QI5_0 + kbxd].x = bxi->d;
+    }
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q5_0_q8_1_mul_mat(
+    const int * __restrict__ x_ql, const half2 * __restrict__ x_dm, const int * __restrict__ x_qh, const int * __restrict__ x_sc,
+    const int * __restrict__ y_qs, const half2 * __restrict__ y_ds, const int & i, const int & j, const int & k) {
+
+    __builtin_assume(i >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(i <  GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y);
+    __builtin_assume(j >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(j <  WARP_SIZE);
+    __builtin_assume(k >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(k <  WARP_SIZE);
+
+    const int kyqs = k % (QI8_1/2) + QI8_1 * (k / (QI8_1/2));
+    const int index_bx = i * (WARP_SIZE/QI5_0) + i/QI5_0 + k/QI5_0;
+
+    return vec_dot_q5_0_q8_1_impl(
+        x_ql[i * (WARP_SIZE + 1) + k], x_qh[index_bx] >> (4 * (k % QI5_0)), y_qs[j * (2*WARP_SIZE) + kyqs],
+        y_qs[j * (2*WARP_SIZE) + kyqs + (QI8_1/2)], x_dm[index_bx].x, y_ds[j * (2*WARP_SIZE/QI8_1) + 2*k/QI8_1]);
+}
+
+#define VDR_q5_1_q8_1 1
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1_impl(
+    const int & qs, const int & qh, const int & ui0, const int & ui1, const half2 & dm5, const half2 & ds8) {
+
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A // lowest compute capability for integer intrinsics
+    int vi0 = (qs >>  0) & 0x0F0F0F0F; // lower 4 qs bits, still need qh0 as 5th bits
+    vi0    |= (qh <<  4) & 0x00000010; // 0 ->  4
+    vi0    |= (qh << 11) & 0x00001000; // 1 -> 12
+    vi0    |= (qh << 18) & 0x00100000; // 2 -> 20
+    vi0    |= (qh << 25) & 0x10000000; // 3 -> 28
     int sumi = __dp4a(vi0, ui0, 0); // SIMD dot product of quantized values
 
-    int vi1 = (qs  >>  4) & 0x0F0F0F0F; // upper 4 qs bits, still need qh1 as 5th bits
-    vi1    |= (qh1 <<  4) & 0x00000010; // 1 ->  5
-    vi1    |= (qh1 << 11) & 0x00001000; // 2 -> 13
-    vi1    |= (qh1 << 18) & 0x00100000; // 3 -> 21
-    vi1    |= (qh1 << 25) & 0x10000000; // 4 -> 29
-    vi1     = __vsub4(vi1,  0x10101010); // subtract 16 from quantized values
+    int vi1 = (qs >>  4) & 0x0F0F0F0F; // upper 4 qs bits, still need qh1 as 5th bits
+    vi1    |= (qh >> 12) & 0x00000010; // 16 ->  4
+    vi1    |= (qh >>  5) & 0x00001000; // 17 -> 12
+    vi1    |= (qh <<  2) & 0x00100000; // 18 -> 20
+    vi1    |= (qh <<  9) & 0x10000000; // 19 -> 28
     sumi = __dp4a(vi1, ui1, sumi); // SIMD dot product of quantized values
 
-    return sumi*d;
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_F16
+    const half2 tmp = __hmul2(dm5, ds8);
+    const float d5d8 = __half2float(tmp.x);
+    const float m5s8 = __half2float(tmp.y);
+#else
+    const float d5d8 = __half2float(dm5.x) * __half2float(ds8.x);
+    const float m5s8 = __half2float(dm5.y) * __half2float(ds8.y);
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_F16
+
+    return sumi*d5d8 + m5s8/QI5_1; // scale sum by QI5_1 because there are QI5_1 threads working on this block
+
 #else
     return 0.0f; // only to satisfy the compiler
 #endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A
 }
 
 static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(
-    const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1, const int iqs) {
-#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A // lowest compute capability for integer intrinsics
+    const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1, const int & iqs) {
+
     const block_q5_1 * bq5_1 = (const block_q5_1 *) vbq;
 
-    const int qs  = *((int *) &bq5_1->qs[sizeof(int) * (iqs + 0)]);
-    const int qh0 = bq5_1->qh[iqs/2 + 0] >> 4*(iqs%2);
-    const int qh1 = bq5_1->qh[iqs/2 + 2] >> 4*(iqs%2);
-    const int ui0 = *((int *) &bq8_1->qs[sizeof(int) * (iqs + 0)]);
-    const int ui1 = *((int *) &bq8_1->qs[sizeof(int) * (iqs + QI5_1)]);
+    const int qs = get_int_from_uint8_aligned(bq5_1->qs, iqs);
+    const int qh = get_int_from_uint8_aligned(bq5_1->qh, 0) >> (4 * iqs);
+    const int ui0 = get_int_from_int8_aligned(bq8_1->qs, iqs);
+    const int ui1 = get_int_from_int8_aligned(bq8_1->qs, iqs + QI5_1);
 
-    const float d = __half2float(bq5_1->d) * __half2float(bq8_1->d);
-    const float m = bq5_1->m;
-    const float s = bq8_1->s;
+    return vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1_impl(qs, qh, ui0, ui1, bq5_1->dm, bq8_1->ds);
+}
 
-    int vi0 = (qs  >>  0) & 0x0F0F0F0F; // lower 4 qs bits, still need qh0 as 5th bits
-    vi0    |= (qh0 <<  4) & 0x00000010; // 1 ->  5
-    vi0    |= (qh0 << 11) & 0x00001000; // 2 -> 13
-    vi0    |= (qh0 << 18) & 0x00100000; // 3 -> 21
-    vi0    |= (qh0 << 25) & 0x10000000; // 4 -> 29
-    int sumi = __dp4a(vi0, ui0, 0); // SIMD dot product of quantized values
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void allocate_tiles_q5_1(int ** x_ql, half2 ** x_dm, int ** x_qh, int ** x_sc) {
 
-    int vi1 = (qs  >>  4) & 0x0F0F0F0F; // upper 4 qs bits, still need qh1 as 5th bits
-    vi1    |= (qh1 <<  4) & 0x00000010; // 1 ->  5
-    vi1    |= (qh1 << 11) & 0x00001000; // 2 -> 13
-    vi1    |= (qh1 << 18) & 0x00100000; // 3 -> 21
-    vi1    |= (qh1 << 25) & 0x10000000; // 4 -> 29
-    sumi = __dp4a(vi1, ui1, sumi); // SIMD dot product of quantized values
+    __shared__ int   tile_x_ql[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE )      + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y];
+    __shared__ int   tile_x_qh[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE/QI5_1) + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y/QI5_1];
+    __shared__ half2 tile_x_dm[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE/QI5_1) + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y/QI5_1];
 
-    return sumi*d + m*s / QI5_1; // scale sum by QI5_1 because there are QI5_1 threads working on this block
+    *x_ql = tile_x_ql;
+    *x_qh = tile_x_qh;
+    *x_dm = tile_x_dm;
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q5_1(
+    const void * __restrict__ vx, int * __restrict__ x_ql, half2 * __restrict__ x_dm, int * __restrict__ x_qh,
+    int * __restrict__ x_sc, const int & i_offset, const int & k, const int & blocks_per_row) {
+
+    __builtin_assume(i_offset >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(i_offset <  8);
+    __builtin_assume(k >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(k <  WARP_SIZE);
+
+    const int kbx  = k / QI5_1;
+    const int kqsx = k % QI5_1;
+
+    const block_q5_1 * bx0 = (block_q5_1 *) vx;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8) {
+        const int i = i0 + i_offset;
+
+        const block_q5_1 * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + kbx;
+
+        x_ql[i * (WARP_SIZE + 1) + k] = get_int_from_uint8_aligned(bxi->qs, kqsx);
+    }
+
+    const int blocks_per_tile_x_row = WARP_SIZE / QI5_1;
+    const int kbxd = k % blocks_per_tile_x_row;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8 * QI5_1) {
+        const int i = i0 + i_offset * QI5_1 + k / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
+
+        const block_q5_1 * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + kbxd;
+
+        x_qh[i * (WARP_SIZE/QI5_1) + i / QI5_1 + kbxd] = get_int_from_uint8_aligned(bxi->qh, 0);
+        x_dm[i * (WARP_SIZE/QI5_1) + i / QI5_1 + kbxd] = bxi->dm;
+    }
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1_mul_mat(
+    const int * __restrict__ x_ql, const half2 * __restrict__ x_dm, const int * __restrict__ x_qh, const int * __restrict__ x_sc,
+    const int * __restrict__ y_qs, const half2 * __restrict__ y_ds, const int & i, const int & j, const int & k) {
+
+    __builtin_assume(i >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(i <  GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y);
+    __builtin_assume(j >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(j <  WARP_SIZE);
+    __builtin_assume(k >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(k <  WARP_SIZE);
+
+    const int kyqs = k % (QI8_1/2) + QI8_1 * (k / (QI8_1/2));
+    const int index_bx = i * (WARP_SIZE/QI5_1) + + i/QI5_1 + k/QI5_1;
+
+    return vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1_impl(
+        x_ql[i * (WARP_SIZE + 1) + k], x_qh[index_bx] >> (4 * (k % QI5_1)), y_qs[j * (2*WARP_SIZE) + kyqs],
+        y_qs[j * (2*WARP_SIZE) + kyqs + (QI8_1/2)], x_dm[index_bx], y_ds[j * (2*WARP_SIZE/QI8_1) + 2*k/QI8_1]);
+}
+
+#define VDR_q8_0_q8_1 1
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_impl(
+    const int & vi, const int & ui, const half & d8_0, const half2 & ds8_1) {
+
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A // lowest compute capability for integer intrinsics
+    // SIMD dot product of quantized values
+    const int sumi = __dp4a(vi, ui, 0);
+
+    return sumi * __half2float(d8_0) * __half2float(ds8_1.x);
 #else
     return 0.0f; // only to satisfy the compiler
 #endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A
 }
 
 static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1(
-    const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1, const int iqs) {
-#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A // lowest compute capability for integer intrinsics
+    const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1, const int & iqs) {
+
     const block_q8_0 * bq8_0 = (const block_q8_0 *) vbq;
 
-    int vi;
-    memcpy(&vi,  &bq8_0->qs[sizeof(int) * (iqs + 0)], sizeof(int));
-    const int ui = *((int *) &bq8_1->qs[sizeof(int) * (iqs + 0)]);
+    const int vi = get_int_from_int8(bq8_0->qs, iqs);
+    const int ui = get_int_from_int8_aligned(bq8_1->qs, iqs);
 
-    const float d = __half2float(bq8_0->d) * __half2float(bq8_1->d);
+    return vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_impl(vi, ui, bq8_0->d, bq8_1->ds);
+}
 
-    // SIMD dot product of quantized values
-    int sumi = __dp4a(vi, ui, 0);
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void allocate_tiles_q8_0(int ** x_ql, half2 ** x_dm, int ** x_qh, int ** x_sc) {
 
-    return sumi*d;
+    __shared__ int  tile_x_qs[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE)       + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y];
+    __shared__ half2 tile_x_d[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE/QI8_0) + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y/QI8_0];
+
+    *x_ql = tile_x_qs;
+    *x_dm = tile_x_d;
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q8_0(
+    const void * __restrict__ vx, int * __restrict__ x_ql, half2 * __restrict__ x_dm, int * __restrict__ x_qh,
+    int * __restrict__ x_sc, const int & i_offset, const int & k, const int & blocks_per_row) {
+
+    __builtin_assume(i_offset >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(i_offset <  8);
+    __builtin_assume(k >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(k <  WARP_SIZE);
+
+    const int kbx  = k / QI8_0;
+    const int kqsx = k % QI8_0;
+
+    const block_q8_0 * bx0 = (block_q8_0 *) vx;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8) {
+        const int i = i0 + i_offset;
+
+        const block_q8_0 * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + kbx;
+
+        x_ql[i * (WARP_SIZE + 1) + k] = get_int_from_int8(bxi->qs, kqsx);
+        x_dm[i * (WARP_SIZE/QI8_0) + i / QI8_0 + kbx].x = bxi->d;
+    }
+
+//     const int blocks_per_tile_x_row = WARP_SIZE / QI8_0;
+//     const int kbxd = k % blocks_per_tile_x_row;
+
+// #pragma unroll
+//     for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8 * QI8_0) {
+//         const int i = i0 + i_offset * QI8_0 + k / blocks_per_tile_x_row;
+
+// #if GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y < 64
+//         if (i >= GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y) {
+//             return;
+//         }
+// #endif // GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y < 64
+
+//         const block_q8_0 * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + kbxd;
+
+//         x_dm[i * (WARP_SIZE/QI8_0) + i / QI8_0 + kbxd].x = bxi->d;
+//     }
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mul_mat(
+    const int * __restrict__ x_ql, const half2 * __restrict__ x_dm, const int * __restrict__ x_qh, const int * __restrict__ x_sc,
+    const int * __restrict__ y_qs, const half2 * __restrict__ y_ds, const int & i, const int & j, const int & k) {
+
+    __builtin_assume(i >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(i <  GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y);
+    __builtin_assume(j >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(j <  WARP_SIZE);
+    __builtin_assume(k >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(k <  WARP_SIZE);
+
+    return vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_impl(
+        x_ql[i * (WARP_SIZE + 1) + k], y_qs[j*WARP_SIZE + k],
+        x_dm[i * (WARP_SIZE/QI8_0) + i/QI8_0 + k/QI8_0].x, y_ds[j * (WARP_SIZE/QI8_1) + k/QI8_1]);
+}
+
+#define VDR_q2_K_q8_1 1
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_impl(
+    const int & v, const int * __restrict__ u, const uint8_t * __restrict__ scales,
+    const half2 & dm, const float * __restrict__ d8) {
+
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A // lowest compute capability for integer intrinsics
+    float sumf_d = 0.0f;
+    float sumf_m = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < QR2_K; ++i) {
+        const int sc = scales[2*i];
+
+        const int vi = (v >> (2*i)) & 0x03030303;
+
+        sumf_d += d8[i] * (__dp4a(vi, u[i], 0) * (sc & 0xF)); // SIMD dot product
+
+        int sc_high = sc >> 4;
+        sc_high |= sc_high <<  8;
+        sc_high |= sc_high << 16;
+        sumf_m += d8[i] * __dp4a(sc_high, u[i], 0); // multiply constant q2_K part with sum of q8_1 values
+    }
+
+    const float2 dmf = __half22float2(dm);
+
+    return dmf.x*sumf_d - dmf.y*sumf_m;
 #else
     return 0.0f; // only to satisfy the compiler
 #endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A
 }
 
 static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1(
-    const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1, const int iqs) {
+    const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1, const int & iqs) {
 
-#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A // lowest compute capability for integer intrinsics
     const block_q2_K * bq2_K = (const block_q2_K *) vbq;
 
     const int bq8_offset = QR2_K * (iqs / QI8_1);
     const int scale_offset = iqs - iqs % QI8_1 + (iqs % QI8_1) / (QI8_1/2);
 
-    float sumf_d = 0.0f;
-    float sumf_m = 0.0f;
+    const uint8_t * scales = bq2_K->scales + scale_offset;
 
-    const float    d = bq2_K->d;
-    const float dmin = bq2_K->dmin;
+    const int v = get_int_from_uint8_aligned(bq2_K->qs, iqs);
+    int u[QR2_K];
+    float d8[QR2_K];
 
-    const int v = *((int *) &bq2_K->qs[sizeof(int) * iqs]);
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < QR2_K; ++i) {
-        const int sc = bq2_K->scales[scale_offset + 2*i];
-
-        const block_q8_1 * bq8i = bq8_1 + bq8_offset + i;
-        const float d8i = bq8i->d;
-
-        const int vi = (v >> (2*i)) & 0x03030303;
-        const int ui = *((int*) &bq8i->qs[sizeof(int) * (iqs % QI8_1)]);
-
-        sumf_d += d8i * (__dp4a(vi,         ui, 0) * (sc & 0xF)); // SIMD dot product
-        sumf_m += d8i * (__dp4a(0x01010101, ui, 0) * (sc >>  4)); // multiply constant q2_K part with sum of q8_1 values
+    for (int i = 0; i < QR2_K; ++ i) {
+        u[i]  = get_int_from_int8_aligned(bq8_1[bq8_offset + i].qs, iqs % QI8_1);
+        d8[i] = bq8_1[bq8_offset + i].ds.x;
     }
 
-    return d*sumf_d - dmin*sumf_m;
-#else
-    return 0.0f; // only to satisfy the compiler
-#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A
+    return vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_impl(v, u, scales, bq2_K->dm, d8);
 }
 
-static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q3_K_q8_1(
-    const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1, const int iqs) {
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void allocate_tiles_q2_K(int ** x_ql, half2 ** x_dm, int ** x_qh, int ** x_sc) {
+
+    __shared__ int   tile_x_ql[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE)       + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y];
+    __shared__ half2 tile_x_dm[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE/QI2_K) + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y/QI2_K];
+    __shared__ int   tile_x_sc[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE/4)     + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y/4];
+
+    *x_ql = tile_x_ql;
+    *x_dm = tile_x_dm;
+    *x_sc = tile_x_sc;
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q2_K(
+    const void * __restrict__ vx, int * __restrict__ x_ql, half2 * __restrict__ x_dm, int * __restrict__ x_qh,
+    int * __restrict__ x_sc, const int & i_offset, const int & k, const int & blocks_per_row) {
+
+    __builtin_assume(i_offset >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(i_offset <  8);
+    __builtin_assume(k >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(k <  WARP_SIZE);
+
+    const int kbx  = k / QI2_K;
+    const int kqsx = k % QI2_K;
+
+    const block_q2_K * bx0 = (block_q2_K *) vx;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8) {
+        const int i = i0 + i_offset;
+
+        const block_q2_K * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + kbx;
+
+        x_ql[i * (WARP_SIZE + 1) + k] = get_int_from_uint8_aligned(bxi->qs, kqsx);
+    }
+
+    const int blocks_per_tile_x_row = WARP_SIZE / QI2_K;
+    const int kbxd = k % blocks_per_tile_x_row;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8 * QI2_K) {
+        const int i = (i0 + i_offset * QI2_K + k / blocks_per_tile_x_row) % GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y;
+
+        const block_q2_K * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + kbxd;
+
+        x_dm[i * (WARP_SIZE/QI2_K) + i / QI2_K + kbxd] = bxi->dm;
+    }
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8 * 4) {
+        const int i = i0 + i_offset * 4 + k / (WARP_SIZE/4);
+
+        const block_q2_K * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + (k % (WARP_SIZE/4)) / (QI2_K/4);
+
+        x_sc[i * (WARP_SIZE/4) + i / 4 + k % (WARP_SIZE/4)] = get_int_from_uint8_aligned(bxi->scales, k % (QI2_K/4));
+    }
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_mul_mat(
+    const int * __restrict__ x_ql, const half2 * __restrict__ x_dm, const int * __restrict__ x_qh, const int * __restrict__ x_sc,
+    const int * __restrict__ y_qs, const half2 * __restrict__ y_ds, const int & i, const int & j, const int & k) {
+
+    __builtin_assume(i >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(i <  GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y);
+    __builtin_assume(j >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(j <  WARP_SIZE);
+    __builtin_assume(k >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(k <  WARP_SIZE);
+
+    const int kbx  = k / QI2_K;
+    const int kqsx = k % QI2_K;
+
+    const int bq8_offset = QR2_K * (kqsx / QI8_1);
+    const int scale_offset = kqsx - kqsx % QI8_1 + (kqsx % QI8_1) / (QI8_1/2);
+
+    const uint8_t * scales = ((uint8_t *) (x_sc + i * (WARP_SIZE/4) + i / 4)) + kbx*16 + scale_offset;
+
+    int u[QR2_K];
+    float d8[QR2_K];
+
+    for (int l = 0; l < QR2_K; ++ l) {
+        const int y_qs_index = j * (QR2_K*WARP_SIZE) + kbx * (QR2_K*QI2_K) + (bq8_offset + l)*QI8_1 + kqsx % QI8_1;
+        u[l]  = y_qs[y_qs_index];
+        d8[l] = y_ds[y_qs_index / QI8_1].x;
+    }
+
+    return vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_impl(x_ql[i * (WARP_SIZE + 1) + k], u, scales, x_dm[i * (WARP_SIZE/QI2_K) + i/QI2_K + kbx], d8);
+}
+
+#define VDR_q3_K_q8_1 1
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q3_K_q8_1_impl(
+    const int & vl, const int & vh, const int * __restrict__ u, const uint8_t * __restrict__ scales,
+    const int & scale_offset, const float & d, const float * __restrict__ d8) {
 
 #if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A // lowest compute capability for integer intrinsics
-    const block_q3_K * bq3_K = (const block_q3_K *) vbq;
-
-    const int bq8_offset = QR3_K * (iqs / (QI3_K/2));
-    const int scale_offset = iqs - iqs % QI8_1 + (iqs % QI8_1) / (QI8_1/2);
-
     float sumf = 0.0f;
 
-    const float d = bq3_K->d;
-
-    int vl;
-    memcpy(&vl, &bq3_K->qs[sizeof(int) * iqs], sizeof(int));
-
-    int vh;
-    memcpy(&vh, &bq3_K->hmask[sizeof(int) * (iqs % (QI3_K/2))], sizeof(int));
-    vh = ~vh; // invert the mask so that a 0/1 results in 4/0 being subtracted
-    vh >>= bq8_offset;
-
     for (int i = 0; i < QR3_K; ++i) {
         const int isc = scale_offset + 2*i;
 
         const int isc_low = isc % (QK_K/32);
         const int sc_shift_low = 4 * (isc / (QK_K/32));
-        const int sc_low  = (bq3_K->scales[isc_low] >> sc_shift_low) & 0xF;
+        const int sc_low  = (scales[isc_low] >> sc_shift_low) & 0xF;
 
         const int isc_high = isc % (QK_K/64);
         const int sc_shift_high = 2 * (isc / (QK_K/64));
-        const int sc_high = ((bq3_K->scales[(QK_K/32) + isc_high] >> sc_shift_high) & 3) << 4;
+        const int sc_high = ((scales[(QK_K/32) + isc_high] >> sc_shift_high) & 3) << 4;
 
         const int sc = (sc_low | sc_high) - 32;
 
-        const block_q8_1 * bq8i = bq8_1 + bq8_offset + i;
-        const int ui = *((int*) &bq8i->qs[sizeof(int) * (iqs % QI8_1)]);
-        const float d8i = bq8i->d;
-
         const int vil = (vl >> (2*i)) & 0x03030303;
 
         const int vih = ((vh >> i) << 2) & 0x04040404;
 
         const int vi = __vsubss4(vil, vih);
 
-        sumf += d8i * (__dp4a(vi, ui, 0) * sc); // SIMD dot product
+        sumf += d8[i] * (__dp4a(vi, u[i], 0) * sc); // SIMD dot product
     }
 
     return d*sumf;
@@ -1558,31 +2060,183 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q3_K_q8_1(
 #endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A
 }
 
-static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1(
-    const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1, const int iqs) {
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q3_K_q8_1(
+    const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1, const int & iqs) {
+
+    const block_q3_K * bq3_K = (const block_q3_K *) vbq;
+
+    const int bq8_offset = QR3_K * (iqs / (QI3_K/2));
+    const int scale_offset = iqs - iqs % QI8_1 + (iqs % QI8_1) / (QI8_1/2);
+
+    const float d = bq3_K->d;
+
+    const int vl = get_int_from_uint8(bq3_K->qs, iqs);
+
+    // invert the mask with ~ so that a 0/1 results in 4/0 being subtracted
+    const int vh = ~get_int_from_uint8(bq3_K->hmask, iqs % (QI3_K/2)) >> bq8_offset;
+
+    int u[QR3_K];
+    float d8[QR3_K];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < QR3_K; ++i) {
+        u[i]  = get_int_from_int8_aligned(bq8_1[bq8_offset + i].qs, iqs % QI8_1);
+        d8[i] = bq8_1[bq8_offset + i].ds.x;
+    }
+
+    return vec_dot_q3_K_q8_1_impl(vl, vh, u, bq3_K->scales, scale_offset, d, d8);
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void allocate_tiles_q3_K(int ** x_ql, half2 ** x_dm, int ** x_qh, int ** x_sc) {
+
+    __shared__ int   tile_x_ql[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE)       + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y];
+    __shared__ half2 tile_x_dm[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE/QI3_K) + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y/QI3_K];
+    __shared__ int   tile_x_qh[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE/2)     + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y/2];
+    __shared__ int   tile_x_sc[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE/4)     + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y/4];
+
+    *x_ql = tile_x_ql;
+    *x_dm = tile_x_dm;
+    *x_qh = tile_x_qh;
+    *x_sc = tile_x_sc;
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q3_K(
+    const void * __restrict__ vx, int * __restrict__ x_ql, half2 * __restrict__ x_dm, int * __restrict__ x_qh,
+    int * __restrict__ x_sc, const int & i_offset, const int & k, const int & blocks_per_row) {
+
+    __builtin_assume(i_offset >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(i_offset <  8);
+    __builtin_assume(k >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(k <  WARP_SIZE);
+
+    const int kbx  = k / QI3_K;
+    const int kqsx = k % QI3_K;
+
+    const block_q3_K * bx0 = (block_q3_K *) vx;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8) {
+        const int i = i0 + i_offset;
+
+        const block_q3_K * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + kbx;
+
+        x_ql[i * (WARP_SIZE + 1) + k] = get_int_from_uint8(bxi->qs, kqsx);
+    }
+
+    const int blocks_per_tile_x_row = WARP_SIZE / QI3_K;
+    const int kbxd = k % blocks_per_tile_x_row;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8 * QI3_K) {
+        const int i = (i0 + i_offset * QI3_K + k / blocks_per_tile_x_row) % GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y;
+
+        const block_q3_K * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + kbxd;
+
+        x_dm[i * (WARP_SIZE/QI3_K) + i / QI3_K + kbxd].x = bxi->d;
+    }
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8 * 2) {
+        const int i = i0 + i_offset * 2 + k / (WARP_SIZE/2);
+
+        const block_q3_K * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + (k % (WARP_SIZE/2)) / (QI3_K/2);
+
+        x_qh[i * (WARP_SIZE/2) + i / 2 + k % (WARP_SIZE/2)] = get_int_from_uint8(bxi->hmask, k % (QI3_K/2));
+    }
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8 * 4) {
+        const int i = i0 + i_offset * 4 + k / (WARP_SIZE/4);
+
+        const block_q3_K * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + (k % (WARP_SIZE/4)) / (QI3_K/4);
+
+        x_sc[i * (WARP_SIZE/4) + i / 4 + k % (WARP_SIZE/4)] = get_int_from_uint8(bxi->scales, k % (QI3_K/4));
+    }
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q3_K_q8_1_mul_mat(
+    const int * __restrict__ x_ql, const half2 * __restrict__ x_dm, const int * __restrict__ x_qh, const int * __restrict__ x_sc,
+    const int * __restrict__ y_qs, const half2 * __restrict__ y_ds, const int & i, const int & j, const int & k) {
+
+    __builtin_assume(i >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(i <  GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y);
+    __builtin_assume(j >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(j <  WARP_SIZE);
+    __builtin_assume(k >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(k <  WARP_SIZE);
+
+    const int kbx  = k / QI3_K;
+    const int kqsx = k % QI3_K;
+
+    const int bq8_offset = QR3_K * (kqsx / (QI3_K/2));
+    const int scale_offset = kqsx - kqsx % QI8_1 + (kqsx % QI8_1) / (QI8_1/2);
+
+    const uint8_t * scales = ((uint8_t *) (x_sc + i * (WARP_SIZE/4) + i / 4)) + kbx*16;
+
+    // invert the mask with ~ so that a 0/1 results in 4/0 being subtracted
+    const int vh = ~x_qh[i * (WARP_SIZE/2) + i/2 + kbx * (QI3_K/2) + kqsx % (QI3_K/2)] >> bq8_offset;
+
+    int    u[QR3_K];
+    float d8[QR3_K];
+
+    for (int l = 0; l < QR3_K; ++ l) {
+        const int y_qs_index = j * (QR3_K*WARP_SIZE) + kbx * (QR3_K*QI3_K) + (bq8_offset + l)*QI8_1 + kqsx % QI8_1;
+        u[l]  = y_qs[y_qs_index];
+        d8[l] = y_ds[y_qs_index / QI8_1].x;
+    }
+
+    return vec_dot_q3_K_q8_1_impl(x_ql[i * (WARP_SIZE + 1) + k], vh, u, scales, scale_offset,
+                                  x_dm[i * (WARP_SIZE/QI3_K) + i/QI3_K + kbx].x, d8);
+}
+
+#define VDR_q4_K_q8_1 2
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1_impl(
+    const int * __restrict__ v, const int * __restrict__ u, const uint8_t * __restrict__ sc,
+    const uint8_t * __restrict__ m, const half2 & dm4, const float * __restrict__ d8) {
 
 #if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A // lowest compute capability for integer intrinsics
-    const block_q4_K * bq4_K = (const block_q4_K *) vbq;
-
     float sumf_d = 0.0f;
     float sumf_m = 0.0f;
 
+    for (int i = 0; i < QR4_K; ++i) {
+        const int v0i = (v[0] >> (4*i)) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+        const int v1i = (v[1] >> (4*i)) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+
+        const int dot1 = __dp4a(v1i, u[2*i+1], __dp4a(v0i, u[2*i+0], 0)); // SIMD dot product
+        const int dot2 = __dp4a(0x01010101, u[2*i+1], __dp4a(0x01010101, u[2*i+0], 0)); // sum of u
+
+        sumf_d += d8[i] * (dot1 * sc[i]);
+        sumf_m += d8[i] * (dot2 * m[i]);  // multiply constant part of q4_K with sum of q8_1 values
+    }
+
+    return __half2float(dm4.x)*sumf_d - __half2float(dm4.y)*sumf_m;
+
+#else
+    return 0.0f; // only to satisfy the compiler
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1(
+    const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1, const int & iqs) {
+
 #ifndef GGML_QKK_64
+    const block_q4_K * bq4_K = (const block_q4_K *) vbq;
+
+    int    v[2];
+    int    u[2*QR4_K];
+    float d8[QR4_K];
 
     // iqs is in 0...15. bq8_offset = 2 * (iqs/4) -> bq8_offset = 0, 2, 4, 6
     const int bq8_offset = QR4_K * (iqs / (QI8_1/2));
 
-    const float    d = bq4_K->d;
-    const float dmin = bq4_K->dmin;
-
     // iqs = 0....3 -> bq8_offset = 0, want q4_offset = 0, 4, 8, 12
     // iqs = 4....7 -> bq8_offset = 2, want q4_offset = 32, 36, 40, 44
     // iqs = 8...11 -> bq8_offset = 4, want q4_offset = 64, 68, 72, 76
     // iqs = 12..15 -> bq8_offset = 6, want q4_offset = 96, 100, 104, 108
 
     const int * q4 = (const int *)(bq4_K->qs + 16 * bq8_offset + 4 * (iqs%4));
-    const int v1 = q4[0];
-    const int v2 = q4[4];
+    v[0] = q4[0];
+    v[1] = q4[4];
 
     const uint16_t * scales = (const uint16_t *)bq4_K->scales;
     uint16_t aux[2];
@@ -1598,27 +2252,24 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1(
     const uint8_t * m  = sc + 2;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < QR4_K; ++i) {
-
         const block_q8_1 * bq8i = bq8_1 + bq8_offset + i;
-        const float d8i = bq8i->d;
+        d8[i] = bq8i->ds.x;
+
         const int * q8 = (const int *)bq8i->qs + (iqs%4);
-        const int ui1 = q8[0];
-        const int ui2 = q8[4];
-
-        const int vi1 = (v1 >> (4*i)) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
-        const int vi2 = (v2 >> (4*i)) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
-
-        const int dot1 = __dp4a(vi2, ui2, __dp4a(vi1, ui1, 0)); // SIMD dot product
-        const int dot2 = __dp4a(0x01010101, ui2, __dp4a(0x01010101, ui1, 0));
-
-        sumf_d += d8i * (dot1 * sc[i]);
-        sumf_m += d8i * (dot2 * m[i]);  // multiply constant part of q4_K with sum of q8_1 values
+        u[2*i+0] = q8[0];
+        u[2*i+1] = q8[4];
     }
 
-    return d*sumf_d - dmin*sumf_m;
+    return vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1_impl(v, u, sc, m, bq4_K->dm, d8);
 
 #else
 
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A // lowest compute capability for integer intrinsics
+    const block_q4_K * bq4_K = (const block_q4_K *) vbq;
+
+    float sumf_d = 0.0f;
+    float sumf_m = 0.0f;
+
     uint16_t aux16[2];
     const uint8_t * s = (const uint8_t *)aux16;
 
@@ -1629,8 +2280,8 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1(
     const float dall = bq4_K->d[0];
     const float dmin = bq4_K->d[1];
 
-    const float d8_1 = bq8_1[0].d;
-    const float d8_2 = bq8_1[1].d;
+    const float d8_1 = bq8_1[0].ds.x;
+    const float d8_2 = bq8_1[1].ds.x;
 
     const int ui1 = *((const int *)bq8_1[0].qs + iqs);
     const int ui2 = *((const int *)bq8_1[0].qs + iqs + 4);
@@ -1651,7 +2302,145 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1(
 
     return dall * sumf_d - dmin * sumf_m;
 
+#else
+    return 0.0f; // only to satisfy the compiler
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A
+
 #endif
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void allocate_tiles_q4_K(int ** x_ql, half2 ** x_dm, int ** x_qh, int ** x_sc) {
+
+    __shared__ int   tile_x_ql[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE)       + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y];
+    __shared__ half2 tile_x_dm[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE/QI4_K) + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y/QI4_K];
+    __shared__ int   tile_x_sc[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE/8)     + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y/8];
+
+    *x_ql = tile_x_ql;
+    *x_dm = tile_x_dm;
+    *x_sc = tile_x_sc;
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q4_K(
+    const void * __restrict__ vx, int * __restrict__ x_ql, half2 * __restrict__ x_dm, int * __restrict__ x_qh,
+    int * __restrict__ x_sc, const int & i_offset, const int & k, const int & blocks_per_row) {
+
+    __builtin_assume(i_offset >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(i_offset <  8);
+    __builtin_assume(k >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(k <  WARP_SIZE);
+
+    const int kbx  = k / QI4_K; // == 0 if QK_K == 256
+    const int kqsx = k % QI4_K; // == k if QK_K == 256
+
+    const block_q4_K * bx0 = (block_q4_K *) vx;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8) {
+        const int i = i0 + i_offset;
+
+        const block_q4_K * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + kbx;
+
+        x_ql[i * (WARP_SIZE + 1) + k] = get_int_from_uint8_aligned(bxi->qs, kqsx);
+    }
+
+    const int blocks_per_tile_x_row = WARP_SIZE / QI4_K; // == 1 if QK_K == 256
+    const int kbxd = k % blocks_per_tile_x_row;           // == 0 if QK_K == 256
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8 * QI4_K) {
+        const int i = (i0 + i_offset * QI4_K + k / blocks_per_tile_x_row) % GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y;
+
+        const block_q4_K * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + kbxd;
+
+        x_dm[i * (WARP_SIZE/QI4_K) + i / QI4_K + kbxd] = bxi->dm;
+    }
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8 * 8) {
+        const int i = (i0 + i_offset * 8 + k / (WARP_SIZE/8)) % GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y;
+
+        const block_q4_K * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + (k % (WARP_SIZE/8)) / (QI4_K/8);
+
+        x_sc[i * (WARP_SIZE/8) + i / 8 + k % (WARP_SIZE/8)] = get_int_from_uint8_aligned(bxi->scales, k % (QI4_K/8));
+    }
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1_mul_mat(
+    const int * __restrict__ x_ql, const half2 * __restrict__ x_dm, const int * __restrict__ x_qh, const int * __restrict__ x_sc,
+    const int * __restrict__ y_qs, const half2 * __restrict__ y_ds, const int & i, const int & j, const int & k) {
+
+    __builtin_assume(i >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(i <  GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y);
+    __builtin_assume(j >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(j <  WARP_SIZE);
+    __builtin_assume(k >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(k <  WARP_SIZE);
+
+    const int kbx  = k / QI6_K; // == 0 if QK_K == 256
+    const int kqsx = k % QI6_K; // == k if QK_K == 256
+
+    int    v[2];
+    int    u[2*QR4_K];
+    float d8[QR4_K];
+
+    // iqs is in 0...15. bq8_offset = 2 * (iqs/4) -> bq8_offset = 0, 2, 4, 6
+    const int bq8_offset = QR4_K * (kqsx / (QI8_1/2));
+
+    v[0] = x_ql[i * (WARP_SIZE + 1) + 4 * bq8_offset + kqsx % 4 + 0];
+    v[1] = x_ql[i * (WARP_SIZE + 1) + 4 * bq8_offset + kqsx % 4 + 4];
+
+    const uint16_t * scales = (const uint16_t *) &x_sc[i * (WARP_SIZE/8) + i/8 + kbx * 4];
+    uint16_t aux[2];
+    const int l = bq8_offset/2;
+    if (l < 2) {
+        aux[0] = scales[l+0] & 0x3f3f;
+        aux[1] = scales[l+2] & 0x3f3f;
+    } else {
+        aux[0] = ((scales[l+2] >> 0) & 0x0f0f) | ((scales[l-2] & 0xc0c0) >> 2);
+        aux[1] = ((scales[l+2] >> 4) & 0x0f0f) | ((scales[l-0] & 0xc0c0) >> 2);
+    }
+    const uint8_t * sc = (const uint8_t *)aux;
+    const uint8_t * m  = sc + 2;
+
+    for (int l = 0; l < QR4_K; ++l) {
+        const int kqsy = j * (QR4_K*WARP_SIZE) + kbx * (QR4_K*QI4_K) + (bq8_offset + l) * QI8_1 + kqsx % (QI8_1/2);
+        u[2*l+0] = y_qs[kqsy + 0*(QI8_1/2)];
+        u[2*l+1] = y_qs[kqsy + 1*(QI8_1/2)];
+        d8[l] = y_ds[kqsy / QI8_1].x;
+    }
+
+    return vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1_impl(v, u, sc, m, x_dm[i * (WARP_SIZE/QI4_K) + i/QI4_K + kbx], d8);
+}
+
+#define VDR_q5_K_q8_1 2
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q5_K_q8_1_impl(
+    const int * __restrict__ vl, const int * __restrict__ vh, const int * __restrict__ u, const uint8_t * __restrict__ sc,
+    const uint8_t * __restrict__ m, const half2 & dm5, const float * __restrict__ d8) {
+
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A // lowest compute capability for integer intrinsics
+    float sumf_d = 0.0f;
+    float sumf_m = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < QR5_K; ++i) {
+        const int vl0i = (vl[0] >> (4*i)) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+        const int vl1i = (vl[1] >> (4*i)) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+
+        const int vh0i = ((vh[0] >> i) << 4) & 0x10101010;
+        const int vh1i = ((vh[1] >> i) << 4) & 0x10101010;
+
+        const int v0i = vl0i | vh0i;
+        const int v1i = vl1i | vh1i;
+
+        const int dot1 = __dp4a(v0i, u[2*i+0], __dp4a(v1i, u[2*i+1], 0)); // SIMD dot product
+        const int dot2 = __dp4a(0x01010101, u[2*i+0], __dp4a(0x01010101, u[2*i+1], 0)); // sum of u
+
+        sumf_d += d8[i] * (dot1 * sc[i]);
+        sumf_m += d8[i] * (dot2 * m[i]);
+
+    }
+
+    return __half2float(dm5.x)*sumf_d - __half2float(dm5.y)*sumf_m;
 
 #else
     return 0.0f; // only to satisfy the compiler
@@ -1659,28 +2448,25 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1(
 }
 
 static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q5_K_q8_1(
-    const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1, const int iqs) {
-
-#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A // lowest compute capability for integer intrinsics
-    const block_q5_K * bq5_K = (const block_q5_K *) vbq;
+    const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1, const int & iqs) {
 
 #ifndef GGML_QKK_64
+    const block_q5_K * bq5_K = (const block_q5_K *) vbq;
+
+    int   vl[2];
+    int   vh[2];
+    int    u[2*QR5_K];
+    float d8[QR5_K];
 
     const int bq8_offset = QR5_K * (iqs / (QI8_1/2));
     const int * ql = (const int *)(bq5_K->qs + 16 * bq8_offset + 4 * (iqs%4));
     const int * qh = (const int *)(bq5_K->qh + 4 * (iqs%4));
 
-    float sumf_d = 0.0f;
-    float sumf_m = 0.0f;
+    vl[0] = ql[0];
+    vl[1] = ql[4];
 
-    const float    d = bq5_K->d;
-    const float dmin = bq5_K->dmin;
-
-    const int vl1 = ql[0];
-    const int vl2 = ql[4];
-
-    const int vh1 = qh[0] >> bq8_offset;
-    const int vh2 = qh[4] >> bq8_offset;
+    vh[0] = qh[0] >> bq8_offset;
+    vh[1] = qh[4] >> bq8_offset;
 
     const uint16_t * scales = (const uint16_t *)bq5_K->scales;
     uint16_t aux[2];
@@ -1696,40 +2482,27 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q5_K_q8_1(
     const uint8_t * m  = sc + 2;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < QR5_K; ++i) {
-
         const block_q8_1 * bq8i = bq8_1 + bq8_offset + i;
-        const float d8i = bq8i->d;
+        d8[i] = bq8i->ds.x;
+
         const int * q8 = (const int *)bq8i->qs + (iqs%4);
-        const int ui1 = q8[0];
-        const int ui2 = q8[4];
-
-        const int vil1 = (vl1 >> (4*i)) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
-        const int vil2 = (vl2 >> (4*i)) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
-
-        const int vih1 = ((vh1 >> i) << 4) & 0x10101010;
-        const int vih2 = ((vh2 >> i) << 4) & 0x10101010;
-
-        const int vi1 = vil1 | vih1;
-        const int vi2 = vil2 | vih2;
-
-        const int dot1 = __dp4a(vi2, ui2, __dp4a(vi1, ui1, 0)); // SIMD dot product
-        const int dot2 = __dp4a(0x01010101, ui2, __dp4a(0x01010101, ui1, 0));
-
-        sumf_d += d8i * (dot1 * sc[i]);
-        sumf_m += d8i * (dot2 * m[i]);
-
+        u[2*i+0] = q8[0];
+        u[2*i+1] = q8[4];
     }
 
-    return d*sumf_d - dmin*sumf_m;
+    return vec_dot_q5_K_q8_1_impl(vl, vh, u, sc, m, bq5_K->dm, d8);
 
 #else
 
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A // lowest compute capability for integer intrinsics
+    const block_q5_K * bq5_K = (const block_q5_K *) vbq;
+
     const int8_t * s = bq5_K->scales;
 
     const float d = bq5_K->d;
 
-    const float d8_1 = bq8_1[0].d;
-    const float d8_2 = bq8_1[1].d;
+    const float d8_1 = bq8_1[0].ds.x;
+    const float d8_2 = bq8_1[1].ds.x;
 
     const int ui1 = *((const int *)bq8_1[0].qs + iqs);
     const int ui2 = *((const int *)bq8_1[0].qs + iqs + 4);
@@ -1755,47 +2528,149 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q5_K_q8_1(
 
     return d * sumf_d;
 
-#endif
-
 #else
     return 0.0f; // only to satisfy the compiler
 #endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A
+
+#endif
 }
 
-static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1(
-    const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1, const int iqs) {
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void allocate_tiles_q5_K(int ** x_ql, half2 ** x_dm, int ** x_qh, int ** x_sc) {
+
+    __shared__ int   tile_x_ql[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE)       + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y];
+    __shared__ half2 tile_x_dm[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE/QI5_K) + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y/QI5_K];
+    __shared__ int   tile_x_qh[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE/4)     + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y/4];
+    __shared__ int   tile_x_sc[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE/8)     + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y/8];
+
+    *x_ql = tile_x_ql;
+    *x_dm = tile_x_dm;
+    *x_qh = tile_x_qh;
+    *x_sc = tile_x_sc;
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q5_K(
+    const void * __restrict__ vx, int * __restrict__ x_ql, half2 * __restrict__ x_dm, int * __restrict__ x_qh,
+    int * __restrict__ x_sc, const int & i_offset, const int & k, const int & blocks_per_row) {
+
+    __builtin_assume(i_offset >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(i_offset <  8);
+    __builtin_assume(k >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(k <  WARP_SIZE);
+
+    const int kbx  = k / QI5_K; // == 0 if QK_K == 256
+    const int kqsx = k % QI5_K; // == k if QK_K == 256
+
+    const block_q5_K * bx0 = (block_q5_K *) vx;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8) {
+        const int i = i0 + i_offset;
+
+        const block_q5_K * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + kbx;
+
+        x_ql[i * (WARP_SIZE + 1) + k] = get_int_from_uint8_aligned(bxi->qs, kqsx);
+    }
+
+    const int blocks_per_tile_x_row = WARP_SIZE / QI5_K; // == 1 if QK_K == 256
+    const int kbxd = k % blocks_per_tile_x_row;           // == 0 if QK_K == 256
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8 * QI5_K) {
+        const int i = (i0 + i_offset * QI5_K + k / blocks_per_tile_x_row) % GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y;
+
+        const block_q5_K * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + kbxd;
+
+        x_dm[i * (WARP_SIZE/QI5_K) + i / QI5_K + kbxd] = bxi->dm;
+    }
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8 * 4) {
+        const int i = i0 + i_offset * 4 + k / (WARP_SIZE/4);
+
+        const block_q5_K * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + (k % (WARP_SIZE/4)) / (QI5_K/4);
+
+        x_qh[i * (WARP_SIZE/4) + i / 4 + k % (WARP_SIZE/4)] = get_int_from_uint8(bxi->qh, k % (QI5_K/4));
+    }
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8 * 8) {
+        const int i = (i0 + i_offset * 8 + k / (WARP_SIZE/8)) % GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y;
+
+        const block_q5_K * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + (k % (WARP_SIZE/8)) / (QI5_K/8);
+
+        x_sc[i * (WARP_SIZE/8) + i / 8 + k % (WARP_SIZE/8)] = get_int_from_uint8_aligned(bxi->scales, k % (QI5_K/8));
+    }
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q5_K_q8_1_mul_mat(
+    const int * __restrict__ x_ql, const half2 * __restrict__ x_dm, const int * __restrict__ x_qh, const int * __restrict__ x_sc,
+    const int * __restrict__ y_qs, const half2 * __restrict__ y_ds, const int & i, const int & j, const int & k) {
+
+    __builtin_assume(i >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(i <  GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y);
+    __builtin_assume(j >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(j <  WARP_SIZE);
+    __builtin_assume(k >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(k <  WARP_SIZE);
+
+    const int kbx  = k / QI6_K; // == 0 if QK_K == 256
+    const int kqsx = k % QI6_K; // == k if QK_K == 256
+
+    int   vl[2];
+    int   vh[2];
+    int    u[2*QR4_K];
+    float d8[QR4_K];
+
+    const int bq8_offset = QR5_K * (kqsx / (QI8_1/2));
+
+    vl[0] = x_ql[i * (WARP_SIZE + 1) + 4 * bq8_offset + kqsx % 4 + 0];
+    vl[1] = x_ql[i * (WARP_SIZE + 1) + 4 * bq8_offset + kqsx % 4 + 4];
+
+    vh[0] = x_qh[i * (WARP_SIZE/4) + i/4 + kqsx % 4 + 0] >> bq8_offset;
+    vh[1] = x_qh[i * (WARP_SIZE/4) + i/4 + kqsx % 4 + 4] >> bq8_offset;
+
+    const uint16_t * scales = (const uint16_t *) &x_sc[i * (WARP_SIZE/8) + i/8 + kbx * 4];
+    uint16_t aux[2];
+    const int l = bq8_offset/2;
+    if (l < 2) {
+        aux[0] = scales[l+0] & 0x3f3f;
+        aux[1] = scales[l+2] & 0x3f3f;
+    } else {
+        aux[0] = ((scales[l+2] >> 0) & 0x0f0f) | ((scales[l-2] & 0xc0c0) >> 2);
+        aux[1] = ((scales[l+2] >> 4) & 0x0f0f) | ((scales[l-0] & 0xc0c0) >> 2);
+    }
+    const uint8_t * sc = (const uint8_t *)aux;
+    const uint8_t * m  = sc + 2;
+
+    for (int l = 0; l < QR5_K; ++l) {
+        const int kqsy = j * (QR5_K*WARP_SIZE) + kbx * (QR5_K*QI5_K) + (bq8_offset + l) * QI8_1 + kqsx % (QI8_1/2);
+        u[2*l+0] = y_qs[kqsy + 0*(QI8_1/2)];
+        u[2*l+1] = y_qs[kqsy + 1*(QI8_1/2)];
+        d8[l] = y_ds[kqsy / QI8_1].x;
+    }
+
+    return vec_dot_q5_K_q8_1_impl(vl, vh, u, sc, m, x_dm[i * (WARP_SIZE/QI5_K) + i/QI5_K + kbx], d8);
+}
+
+#define VDR_q6_K_q8_1 1
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1_impl(
+    const int & vl, const int & vh, const int * __restrict__ u, const int8_t * __restrict__ scales,
+    const float & d, const float * __restrict__ d8) {
 
 #if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A // lowest compute capability for integer intrinsics
-    const block_q6_K * bq6_K = (const block_q6_K *) vbq;
-
-    const int bq8_offset = 2 * QR6_K * (iqs / (QI6_K/2)) + (iqs % (QI6_K/2)) / (QI6_K/4);
-    const int scale_offset = (QI6_K/4) * (iqs / (QI6_K/2)) + (iqs % (QI6_K/2)) / (QI6_K/8);
-    const int vh_shift = 2 * ((iqs % (QI6_K/2)) / (QI6_K/4));
-
     float sumf = 0.0f;
 
-    const float d = bq6_K->d;
-
-    int vl;
-    memcpy(&vl, &bq6_K->ql[sizeof(int) * iqs], sizeof(int));
-
-    int vh;
-    memcpy(&vh, &bq6_K->qh[sizeof(int) * ((QI6_K/4) * (iqs / (QI6_K/2)) + iqs % (QI6_K/4))], sizeof(int));
-
     for (int i = 0; i < QR6_K; ++i) {
-        const int sc = bq6_K->scales[scale_offset + 4*i];
-
-        const block_q8_1 * bq8i = bq8_1 + bq8_offset + 2*i;
-        const int ui = *((int*) &bq8i->qs[sizeof(int) * (iqs % (QI8_1))]);
-        const float d8i = bq8i->d;
+        const int sc = scales[4*i];
 
         const int vil = (vl >> (4*i)) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
 
-        const int vih = ((vh >> (vh_shift + 4*i)) << 4) & 0x30303030;
+        const int vih = ((vh >> (4*i)) << 4) & 0x30303030;
 
         const int vi = __vsubss4((vil | vih), 0x20202020); // vi = (vil | vih) - 32
 
-        sumf += d8i * (__dp4a(vi, ui, 0) * sc); // SIMD dot product
+        sumf += d8[i] * (__dp4a(vi, u[i], 0) * sc); // SIMD dot product
     }
 
     return d*sumf;
@@ -1804,7 +2679,236 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1(
 #endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= MIN_CC_DP4A
 }
 
-template <int qk, int qi, typename block_q_t, vec_dot_q_cuda_t vec_dot_q_cuda>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1(
+    const void * __restrict__ vbq, const block_q8_1 * __restrict__ bq8_1, const int & iqs) {
+
+    const block_q6_K * bq6_K = (const block_q6_K *) vbq;
+
+    const int bq8_offset = 2 * QR6_K * (iqs / (QI6_K/2)) + (iqs % (QI6_K/2)) / (QI6_K/4);
+    const int scale_offset = (QI6_K/4) * (iqs / (QI6_K/2)) + (iqs % (QI6_K/2)) / (QI6_K/8);
+    const int vh_shift = 2 * ((iqs % (QI6_K/2)) / (QI6_K/4));
+
+    const int vl = get_int_from_uint8(bq6_K->ql, iqs);
+    const int vh = get_int_from_uint8(bq6_K->qh, (QI6_K/4) * (iqs / (QI6_K/2)) + iqs % (QI6_K/4)) >> vh_shift;
+
+    const int8_t * scales = bq6_K->scales + scale_offset;
+
+    int    u[QR6_K];
+    float d8[QR6_K];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < QR6_K; ++i) {
+        u[i]  = get_int_from_int8_aligned(bq8_1[bq8_offset + 2*i].qs, iqs % QI8_1);
+        d8[i] = bq8_1[bq8_offset + 2*i].ds.x;
+    }
+
+    return vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1_impl(vl, vh, u, scales, bq6_K->d, d8);
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void allocate_tiles_q6_K(int ** x_ql, half2 ** x_dm, int ** x_qh, int ** x_sc) {
+
+    __shared__ int   tile_x_ql[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE)       + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y];
+    __shared__ half2 tile_x_dm[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE/QI6_K) + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y/QI6_K];
+    __shared__ int   tile_x_qh[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE/2)     + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y/2];
+    __shared__ int   tile_x_sc[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y * (WARP_SIZE/8)     + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y/8];
+
+    *x_ql = tile_x_ql;
+    *x_dm = tile_x_dm;
+    *x_qh = tile_x_qh;
+    *x_sc = tile_x_sc;
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_tiles_q6_K(
+    const void * __restrict__ vx, int * __restrict__ x_ql, half2 * __restrict__ x_dm, int * __restrict__ x_qh,
+    int * __restrict__ x_sc, const int & i_offset, const int & k, const int & blocks_per_row) {
+
+    __builtin_assume(i_offset >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(i_offset <  8);
+    __builtin_assume(k >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(k <  WARP_SIZE);
+
+    const int kbx  = k / QI6_K; // == 0 if QK_K == 256
+    const int kqsx = k % QI6_K; // == k if QK_K == 256
+
+    const block_q6_K * bx0 = (block_q6_K *) vx;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8) {
+        const int i = i0 + i_offset;
+
+        const block_q6_K * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + kbx;
+
+        x_ql[i * (WARP_SIZE + 1) + k] = get_int_from_uint8(bxi->ql, kqsx);
+    }
+
+    const int blocks_per_tile_x_row = WARP_SIZE / QI6_K; // == 1 if QK_K == 256
+    const int kbxd = k % blocks_per_tile_x_row;           // == 0 if QK_K == 256
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8 * QI6_K) {
+        const int i = (i0 + i_offset * QI6_K + k / blocks_per_tile_x_row) % GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y;
+
+        const block_q6_K * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + kbxd;
+
+        x_dm[i * (WARP_SIZE/QI6_K) + i / QI6_K + kbxd].x = bxi->d;
+    }
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8 * 2) {
+        const int i = i0 + i_offset * 2 + k / (WARP_SIZE/2);
+
+        const block_q6_K * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + (k % (WARP_SIZE/2)) / (QI6_K/2);
+
+        x_qh[i * (WARP_SIZE/2) + i / 2 + k % (WARP_SIZE/2)] = get_int_from_uint8(bxi->qh, k % (QI6_K/2));
+    }
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i0 = 0; i0 < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i0 += 8 * 8) {
+        const int i = (i0 + i_offset * 8 + k / (WARP_SIZE/8)) % GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y;
+
+        const block_q6_K * bxi = bx0 + i*blocks_per_row + (k % (WARP_SIZE/8)) / 4;
+
+        x_sc[i * (WARP_SIZE/8) + i / 8 + k % (WARP_SIZE/8)] = get_int_from_int8(bxi->scales, k % (QI6_K/8));
+    }
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1_mul_mat(
+    const int * __restrict__ x_ql, const half2 * __restrict__ x_dm, const int * __restrict__ x_qh, const int * __restrict__ x_sc,
+    const int * __restrict__ y_qs, const half2 * __restrict__ y_ds, const int & i, const int & j, const int & k) {
+
+    __builtin_assume(i >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(i <  GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y);
+    __builtin_assume(j >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(j <  WARP_SIZE);
+    __builtin_assume(k >= 0);
+    __builtin_assume(k <  WARP_SIZE);
+
+    const int kbx  = k / QI6_K; // == 0 if QK_K == 256
+    const int kqsx = k % QI6_K; // == k if QK_K == 256
+
+    const int bq8_offset = 2 * QR6_K * (kqsx / (QI6_K/2)) + (kqsx % (QI6_K/2)) / (QI6_K/4);
+    const int scale_offset = (QI6_K/4) * (kqsx / (QI6_K/2)) + (kqsx % (QI6_K/2)) / (QI6_K/8);
+    const int vh_shift = 2 * ((kqsx % (QI6_K/2)) / (QI6_K/4));
+
+    const int vh = x_qh[i * (WARP_SIZE/2) + i/2 + kbx * (QI6_K/2) + (QI6_K/4) * (kqsx / (QI6_K/2)) + kqsx % (QI6_K/4)] >> vh_shift;
+
+    const int x_sc_offset = i * (WARP_SIZE/8) + i/8 + kbx * (QI6_K/8);
+    const int8_t * scales = ((int8_t *) (x_sc + x_sc_offset)) + scale_offset;
+
+    int    u[QR6_K];
+    float d8[QR6_K];
+
+    for (int l = 0; l < QR6_K; ++l) {
+        const int kqsy = j * (QR6_K*WARP_SIZE) + kbx * (QR6_K*QI6_K) + (bq8_offset + 2*l)*QI8_1 + kqsx % QI8_1;
+        u[l]  = y_qs[kqsy];
+        d8[l] = y_ds[kqsy / QI8_1].x;
+    }
+
+    return vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1_impl(x_ql[i * (WARP_SIZE + 1) + k], vh, u, scales,
+                                  x_dm[i * (WARP_SIZE/QI6_K) + i/QI6_K + kbx].x, d8);
+}
+
+template <int qk, int qr, int qi, typename block_q_t,
+              allocate_tiles_cuda_t allocate_tiles, load_tiles_cuda_t load_tiles, int vdr, vec_dot_q_mul_mat_cuda_t vec_dot>
+static __global__ void mul_mat_q(
+    const void * __restrict__ vx, const void * __restrict__ vy, float * __restrict__ dst,
+    const int ncols_x, const int nrows_x, const int ncols_y, const int nrows_y, const int nrows_dst) {
+
+    const block_q_t  * x = (const block_q_t  *) vx;
+    const block_q8_1 * y = (const block_q8_1 *) vy;
+
+    const int blocks_per_row_x = ncols_x / qk;
+    const int blocks_per_col_y = nrows_y / QK8_1;
+    const int blocks_per_warp = WARP_SIZE / qi;
+
+    const int & ncols_dst = ncols_y;
+
+    const int tid_x = threadIdx.x;
+    const int tid_y = threadIdx.y;
+
+    const int row_dst_0 = blockIdx.x*GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y;
+    const int & row_x_0 = row_dst_0;
+    const int row_dst = row_dst_0 + tid_x;
+
+    const int col_dst_0 = blockIdx.y*WARP_SIZE;
+    const int & col_y_0 = col_dst_0;
+
+    int   * tile_x_ql = nullptr;
+    half2 * tile_x_dm = nullptr;
+    int   * tile_x_qh = nullptr;
+    int   * tile_x_sc = nullptr;
+
+    allocate_tiles(&tile_x_ql, &tile_x_dm, &tile_x_qh, &tile_x_sc);
+
+    const int blocks_per_tile_y_col = qr*WARP_SIZE/QI8_1;
+
+    __shared__ int    tile_y_qs[(WARP_SIZE) * (qr*WARP_SIZE)];
+    __shared__ half2  tile_y_ds[(WARP_SIZE) * blocks_per_tile_y_col];
+
+    float sum[GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y/WARP_SIZE][4] = {0.0f};
+
+    for (int ib0 = 0; ib0 < blocks_per_row_x; ib0 += blocks_per_warp) {
+
+        load_tiles(x + row_x_0*blocks_per_row_x + ib0, tile_x_ql, tile_x_dm, tile_x_qh, tile_x_sc,
+                   tid_y, tid_x, blocks_per_row_x);
+
+        for (int ir = 0; ir < qr; ++ir) {
+            const int kqs = ir*WARP_SIZE + tid_x;
+            const int kbxd = kqs / QI8_1;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < WARP_SIZE; i += 8) {
+                const int col_y_eff = min(col_y_0 + tid_y + i, ncols_y-1); // to prevent out-of-bounds memory accesses
+
+                const block_q8_1 * by0 = &y[col_y_eff*blocks_per_col_y + ib0 * (qk/QK8_1) + kbxd];
+
+                tile_y_qs[(tid_y + i) * (qr*WARP_SIZE) + kqs] = get_int_from_int8_aligned(by0->qs, tid_x % QI8_1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (int ids0 = 0; ids0 < WARP_SIZE; ids0 += 8 * (WARP_SIZE/blocks_per_tile_y_col)) {
+            const int ids = (ids0 + tid_y * (WARP_SIZE/blocks_per_tile_y_col) + tid_x / blocks_per_tile_y_col) % WARP_SIZE;
+            const int kby = tid_x % blocks_per_tile_y_col;
+            const int col_y_eff = min(col_y_0 + ids, ncols_y-1);
+            tile_y_ds[ids * (qr*WARP_SIZE/QI8_1) + kby] = y[col_y_eff*blocks_per_col_y + ib0 * (qk/QK8_1) + kby].ds;
+        }
+
+        __syncthreads();
+
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= 700 // TODO: actually test this with compute capability 7.X cards
+#pragma unroll
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= 700
+        for (int k = 0; k < WARP_SIZE/vdr; ++k) {
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int j = 0; j < WARP_SIZE; j += 8) {
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i = 0; i < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i += WARP_SIZE) {
+                    sum[i/WARP_SIZE][j/8] += vec_dot(tile_x_ql, tile_x_dm, tile_x_qh, tile_x_sc, tile_y_qs, tile_y_ds,
+                                                     tid_x + i, tid_y + j, k);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        __syncthreads();
+    }
+
+
+    if (row_dst >= nrows_dst) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < WARP_SIZE; j += 8) {
+        const int col_dst = col_dst_0 + j + tid_y;
+
+        if (col_dst >= ncols_dst) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y; i += WARP_SIZE) {
+            dst[col_dst*nrows_dst + row_dst + i] = sum[i/WARP_SIZE][j/8];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template <int qk, int qi, typename block_q_t, int vdr, vec_dot_q_cuda_t vec_dot_q_cuda>
 static __global__ void mul_mat_vec_q(const void * __restrict__ vx, const void * __restrict__ vy, float * __restrict__ dst, const int ncols, const int nrows) {
     const int row = blockIdx.y*blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
 
@@ -1813,7 +2917,7 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_vec_q(const void * __restrict__ vx, const void *
     }
 
     const int blocks_per_row = ncols / qk;
-    const int blocks_per_warp = WARP_SIZE / qi;
+    const int blocks_per_warp = vdr * WARP_SIZE / qi;
 
 // partial sum for each thread
     float tmp = 0.0f;
@@ -1822,11 +2926,11 @@ static __global__ void mul_mat_vec_q(const void * __restrict__ vx, const void *
     const block_q8_1 * y = (const block_q8_1 *) vy;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < blocks_per_row; i += blocks_per_warp) {
-        const int ibx = row*blocks_per_row + i + threadIdx.x / qi; // x block index
+        const int ibx = row*blocks_per_row + i + threadIdx.x / (qi/vdr); // x block index
 
-        const int iby = (i + threadIdx.x / qi) * qk/QK8_1; // y block index that aligns with ibx
+        const int iby = (i + threadIdx.x / (qi/vdr)) * qk/QK8_1; // y block index that aligns with ibx
 
-        const int iqs  = threadIdx.x % qi; // x block quant index when casting the quants to int
+        const int iqs  = threadIdx.x % (qi/vdr); // x block quant index when casting the quants to int
 
         tmp += vec_dot_q_cuda(&x[ibx], &y[iby], iqs);
     }
@@ -1859,11 +2963,11 @@ static __global__ void dequantize_mul_mat_vec(const void * __restrict__ vx, cons
     const int y_offset = qr == 1 ? 1 : qk/2;
 
 // partial sum for each thread
-#ifdef GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_F16
     half2 tmp = {0.0f, 0.0f}; // two sums for f16 to take advantage of half2 intrinsics
 #else
     float tmp = 0.0f;
-#endif // GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_F16
 
     for (int i = 0; i < ncols; i += iter_stride) {
         const int col = i + vals_per_iter*tid;
@@ -1883,7 +2987,7 @@ static __global__ void dequantize_mul_mat_vec(const void * __restrict__ vx, cons
 
             // matrix multiplication
             // for qr = 2 the y index needs to increase by 1 per j iter because of y_offset = qk/2
-#ifdef GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_F16
             tmp += __hmul2(v, {
                 y[iybs + iqs + j/qr + 0],
                 y[iybs + iqs + j/qr + y_offset]
@@ -1891,7 +2995,7 @@ static __global__ void dequantize_mul_mat_vec(const void * __restrict__ vx, cons
 #else
             tmp += v.x * y[iybs + iqs + j/qr + 0];
             tmp += v.y * y[iybs + iqs + j/qr + y_offset];
-#endif // GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_F16
         }
     }
 
@@ -1902,11 +3006,11 @@ static __global__ void dequantize_mul_mat_vec(const void * __restrict__ vx, cons
     }
 
     if (tid == 0) {
-#ifdef GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_F16
         dst[row] = tmp.x + tmp.y;
 #else
         dst[row] = tmp;
-#endif // GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_F16
     }
 }
 
@@ -2046,7 +3150,8 @@ static __global__ void cpy_f32_f16(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne,
 }
 
 // rope == RoPE == rotary positional embedding
-static __global__ void rope_f32(const float * x, float * dst, const int ncols, const float p, const float theta_scale) {
+static __global__ void rope_f32(const float * x, float * dst, const int ncols, const float p0,
+                                const float p_delta, const int p_delta_rows, const float theta_scale) {
     const int col = 2*(blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x);
 
     if (col >= ncols) {
@@ -2056,7 +3161,7 @@ static __global__ void rope_f32(const float * x, float * dst, const int ncols, c
     const int row = blockDim.y*blockIdx.y + threadIdx.y;
     const int i = row*ncols + col;
 
-    const float theta = p*powf(theta_scale, col/2);
+    const float theta = (p0 + p_delta * (row/p_delta_rows))*powf(theta_scale, col/2);
     const float sin_theta = sinf(theta);
     const float cos_theta = cosf(theta);
 
@@ -2203,9 +3308,11 @@ static void rms_norm_f32_cuda(const float * x, float * dst, const int ncols, con
     rms_norm_f32<<<nrows, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, ncols, eps);
 }
 
-static void quantize_row_q8_1_cuda(const float * x, void * vy, const int ndata, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
-    const int num_blocks = (k + CUDA_QUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_QUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    quantize_q8_1<<<num_blocks, CUDA_QUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, vy, ndata, k);
+static void quantize_row_q8_1_cuda(const float * x, void * vy, const int kx, const int ky, const int kx_padded, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const int block_num_x = (kx_padded + CUDA_QUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_QUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    const dim3 num_blocks(block_num_x, ky, 1);
+    const dim3 block_size(CUDA_DEQUANTIZE_BLOCK_SIZE, 1, 1);
+    quantize_q8_1<<<num_blocks, block_size, 0, stream>>>(x, vy, kx, kx_padded);
 }
 
 static void dequantize_row_q4_0_cuda(const void * vx, float * y, const int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
@@ -2366,7 +3473,7 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q4_0_q8_1_cuda(const void * vx, const void * vy, float *
     const int block_num_y = (nrows + GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y - 1) / GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y;
     const dim3 block_nums(1, block_num_y, 1);
     const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y, 1);
-    mul_mat_vec_q<QK4_0, QI4_0, block_q4_0, vec_dot_q4_0_q8_1>
+    mul_mat_vec_q<QK4_0, QI4_0, block_q4_0, VDR_q4_0_q8_1, vec_dot_q4_0_q8_1>
         <<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows);
 }
 
@@ -2375,7 +3482,7 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q4_1_q8_1_cuda(const void * vx, const void * vy, float *
     const int block_num_y = (nrows + GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y - 1) / GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y;
     const dim3 block_nums(1, block_num_y, 1);
     const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y, 1);
-    mul_mat_vec_q<QK4_0, QI4_1, block_q4_1, vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1>
+    mul_mat_vec_q<QK4_0, QI4_1, block_q4_1, VDR_q4_1_q8_1, vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1>
         <<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows);
 }
 
@@ -2384,7 +3491,7 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q5_0_q8_1_cuda(const void * vx, const void * vy, float *
     const int block_num_y = (nrows + GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y - 1) / GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y;
     const dim3 block_nums(1, block_num_y, 1);
     const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y, 1);
-    mul_mat_vec_q<QK5_0, QI5_0, block_q5_0, vec_dot_q5_0_q8_1>
+    mul_mat_vec_q<QK5_0, QI5_0, block_q5_0, VDR_q5_0_q8_1, vec_dot_q5_0_q8_1>
         <<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows);
 }
 
@@ -2393,7 +3500,7 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q5_1_q8_1_cuda(const void * vx, const void * vy, float *
     const int block_num_y = (nrows + GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y - 1) / GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y;
     const dim3 block_nums(1, block_num_y, 1);
     const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y, 1);
-    mul_mat_vec_q<QK5_1, QI5_1, block_q5_1, vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1>
+    mul_mat_vec_q<QK5_1, QI5_1, block_q5_1, VDR_q5_1_q8_1, vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1>
         <<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows);
 }
 
@@ -2402,7 +3509,7 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q8_0_q8_1_cuda(const void * vx, const void * vy, float *
     const int block_num_y = (nrows + GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y - 1) / GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y;
     const dim3 block_nums(1, block_num_y, 1);
     const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y, 1);
-    mul_mat_vec_q<QK8_0, QI8_0, block_q8_0, vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1>
+    mul_mat_vec_q<QK8_0, QI8_0, block_q8_0, VDR_q8_0_q8_1, vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1>
         <<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows);
 }
 
@@ -2411,7 +3518,7 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q2_K_q8_1_cuda(const void * vx, const void * vy, float *
     const int block_num_y = (nrows + GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y - 1) / GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y;
     const dim3 block_nums(1, block_num_y, 1);
     const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y, 1);
-    mul_mat_vec_q<QK_K, QI2_K, block_q2_K, vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1>
+    mul_mat_vec_q<QK_K, QI2_K, block_q2_K, VDR_q2_K_q8_1, vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1>
         <<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows);
 }
 
@@ -2420,7 +3527,7 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q3_K_q8_1_cuda(const void * vx, const void * vy, float *
     const int block_num_y = (nrows + GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y - 1) / GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y;
     const dim3 block_nums(1, block_num_y, 1);
     const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y, 1);
-    mul_mat_vec_q<QK_K, QI3_K, block_q3_K, vec_dot_q3_K_q8_1>
+    mul_mat_vec_q<QK_K, QI3_K, block_q3_K, VDR_q3_K_q8_1, vec_dot_q3_K_q8_1>
         <<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows);
 }
 
@@ -2429,10 +3536,7 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q4_K_q8_1_cuda(const void * vx, const void * vy, float *
     const int block_num_y = (nrows + GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y - 1) / GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y;
     const dim3 block_nums(1, block_num_y, 1);
     const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y, 1);
-    // Note: we use QI4_K/2 instead of QI4_K to make the dot product template require 4 groups of quants to be processed per
-    //       kernel call instead of 2. This results in a better perfmance because the cost of computing the k-quant scales
-    //       is better amortized.
-    mul_mat_vec_q<QK_K, QI4_K/2, block_q4_K, vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1>
+    mul_mat_vec_q<QK_K, QI4_K, block_q4_K, VDR_q4_K_q8_1, vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1>
         <<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows);
 }
 
@@ -2441,10 +3545,7 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q5_K_q8_1_cuda(const void * vx, const void * vy, float *
     const int block_num_y = (nrows + GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y - 1) / GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y;
     const dim3 block_nums(1, block_num_y, 1);
     const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y, 1);
-    // Note: we use QI5_K/2 instead of QI5_K to make the dot product template require 4 groups of quants to be processed per
-    //       kernel call instead of 2. This results in a better perfmance because the cost of computing the k-quant scales
-    //       is better amortized.
-    mul_mat_vec_q<QK_K, QI5_K/2, block_q5_K, vec_dot_q5_K_q8_1>
+    mul_mat_vec_q<QK_K, QI5_K, block_q5_K, VDR_q5_K_q8_1, vec_dot_q5_K_q8_1>
         <<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows);
 }
 
@@ -2453,7 +3554,7 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q6_K_q8_1_cuda(const void * vx, const void * vy, float *
     const int block_num_y = (nrows + GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y - 1) / GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y;
     const dim3 block_nums(1, block_num_y, 1);
     const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, GGML_CUDA_MMV_Y, 1);
-    mul_mat_vec_q<QK_K, QI6_K, block_q6_K, vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1>
+    mul_mat_vec_q<QK_K, QI6_K, block_q6_K, VDR_q6_K_q8_1, vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1>
         <<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols, nrows);
 }
 
@@ -2500,6 +3601,126 @@ static to_fp32_cuda_t ggml_get_to_fp32_cuda(ggml_type type) {
     }
 }
 
+static void ggml_mul_mat_q4_0_q8_1_cuda(
+    const void * vx, const void * vy, float * dst, const int ncols_x, const int nrows_x,
+    const int ncols_y, const int nrows_y, const int nrows_dst, cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    const int block_num_x = (nrows_x + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y - 1) / GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y;
+    const int block_num_y = (ncols_y + WARP_SIZE - 1) / WARP_SIZE;
+    const dim3 block_nums(block_num_x, block_num_y, 1);
+    const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, WARP_SIZE/4, 1);
+    mul_mat_q<QK4_0, QR4_0, QI4_0, block_q4_0, allocate_tiles_q4_0, load_tiles_q4_0, VDR_q4_0_q8_1, vec_dot_q4_0_q8_1_mul_mat>
+        <<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y, nrows_dst);
+}
+
+static void ggml_mul_mat_q4_1_q8_1_cuda(
+    const void * vx, const void * vy, float * dst, const int ncols_x, const int nrows_x,
+    const int ncols_y, const int nrows_y, const int nrows_dst, cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    const int block_num_x = (nrows_x + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y - 1) / GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y;
+    const int block_num_y = (ncols_y + WARP_SIZE - 1) / WARP_SIZE;
+    const dim3 block_nums(block_num_x, block_num_y, 1);
+    const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, WARP_SIZE/4, 1);
+    mul_mat_q<QK4_1, QR4_1, QI4_1, block_q4_1, allocate_tiles_q4_1, load_tiles_q4_1, VDR_q4_1_q8_1, vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1_mul_mat>
+        <<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y, nrows_dst);
+}
+
+static void ggml_mul_mat_q5_0_q8_1_cuda(
+    const void * vx, const void * vy, float * dst, const int ncols_x, const int nrows_x,
+    const int ncols_y, const int nrows_y, const int nrows_dst, cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    const int block_num_x = (nrows_x + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y - 1) / GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y;
+    const int block_num_y = (ncols_y + WARP_SIZE - 1) / WARP_SIZE;
+    const dim3 block_nums(block_num_x, block_num_y, 1);
+    const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, WARP_SIZE/4, 1);
+    mul_mat_q<QK5_0, QR5_0, QI5_0, block_q5_0, allocate_tiles_q5_0, load_tiles_q5_0, VDR_q5_0_q8_1, vec_dot_q5_0_q8_1_mul_mat>
+        <<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y, nrows_dst);
+}
+
+static void ggml_mul_mat_q5_1_q8_1_cuda(
+    const void * vx, const void * vy, float * dst, const int ncols_x, const int nrows_x,
+    const int ncols_y, const int nrows_y, const int nrows_dst, cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    const int block_num_x = (nrows_x + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y - 1) / GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y;
+    const int block_num_y = (ncols_y + WARP_SIZE - 1) / WARP_SIZE;
+    const dim3 block_nums(block_num_x, block_num_y, 1);
+    const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, WARP_SIZE/4, 1);
+    mul_mat_q<QK5_1, QR5_1, QI5_1, block_q5_1, allocate_tiles_q5_1, load_tiles_q5_1, VDR_q5_1_q8_1, vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1_mul_mat>
+        <<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y, nrows_dst);
+}
+
+static void ggml_mul_mat_q8_0_q8_1_cuda(
+    const void * vx, const void * vy, float * dst, const int ncols_x, const int nrows_x,
+    const int ncols_y, const int nrows_y, const int nrows_dst, cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    const int block_num_x = (nrows_x + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y - 1) / GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y;
+    const int block_num_y = (ncols_y + WARP_SIZE - 1) / WARP_SIZE;
+    const dim3 block_nums(block_num_x, block_num_y, 1);
+    const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, WARP_SIZE/4, 1);
+    mul_mat_q<QK8_0, QR8_0, QI8_0, block_q8_0, allocate_tiles_q8_0, load_tiles_q8_0, VDR_q8_0_q8_1, vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1_mul_mat>
+        <<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y, nrows_dst);
+}
+
+static void ggml_mul_mat_q2_K_q8_1_cuda(
+    const void * vx, const void * vy, float * dst, const int ncols_x, const int nrows_x,
+    const int ncols_y, const int nrows_y, const int nrows_dst, cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    const int block_num_x = (nrows_x + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y - 1) / GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y;
+    const int block_num_y = (ncols_y + WARP_SIZE - 1) / WARP_SIZE;
+    const dim3 block_nums(block_num_x, block_num_y, 1);
+    const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, WARP_SIZE/4, 1);
+    mul_mat_q<QK_K, QR2_K, QI2_K, block_q2_K, allocate_tiles_q2_K, load_tiles_q2_K, VDR_q2_K_q8_1, vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1_mul_mat>
+        <<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y, nrows_dst);
+}
+
+static void ggml_mul_mat_q3_K_q8_1_cuda(
+    const void * vx, const void * vy, float * dst, const int ncols_x, const int nrows_x,
+    const int ncols_y, const int nrows_y, const int nrows_dst, cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    const int block_num_x = (nrows_x + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y - 1) / GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y;
+    const int block_num_y = (ncols_y + WARP_SIZE - 1) / WARP_SIZE;
+    const dim3 block_nums(block_num_x, block_num_y, 1);
+    const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, WARP_SIZE/4, 1);
+    mul_mat_q<QK_K, QR3_K, QI3_K, block_q3_K, allocate_tiles_q3_K, load_tiles_q3_K, VDR_q3_K_q8_1, vec_dot_q3_K_q8_1_mul_mat>
+        <<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y, nrows_dst);
+}
+
+static void ggml_mul_mat_q4_K_q8_1_cuda(
+    const void * vx, const void * vy, float * dst, const int ncols_x, const int nrows_x,
+    const int ncols_y, const int nrows_y, const int nrows_dst, cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    const int block_num_x = (nrows_x + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y - 1) / GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y;
+    const int block_num_y = (ncols_y + WARP_SIZE - 1) / WARP_SIZE;
+    const dim3 block_nums(block_num_x, block_num_y, 1);
+    const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, WARP_SIZE/4, 1);
+    mul_mat_q<QK_K, QR4_K, QI4_K, block_q4_K, allocate_tiles_q4_K, load_tiles_q4_K, VDR_q4_K_q8_1, vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1_mul_mat>
+        <<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y, nrows_dst);
+}
+
+static void ggml_mul_mat_q5_K_q8_1_cuda(
+    const void * vx, const void * vy, float * dst, const int ncols_x, const int nrows_x,
+    const int ncols_y, const int nrows_y, const int nrows_dst, cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    const int block_num_x = (nrows_x + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y - 1) / GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y;
+    const int block_num_y = (ncols_y + WARP_SIZE - 1) / WARP_SIZE;
+    const dim3 block_nums(block_num_x, block_num_y, 1);
+    const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, WARP_SIZE/4, 1);
+    mul_mat_q<QK_K, QR5_K, QI5_K, block_q5_K, allocate_tiles_q5_K, load_tiles_q5_K, VDR_q5_K_q8_1, vec_dot_q5_K_q8_1_mul_mat>
+        <<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y, nrows_dst);
+}
+
+static void ggml_mul_mat_q6_K_q8_1_cuda(
+    const void * vx, const void * vy, float * dst, const int ncols_x, const int nrows_x,
+    const int ncols_y, const int nrows_y, const int nrows_dst, cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    const int block_num_x = (nrows_x + GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y - 1) / GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y;
+    const int block_num_y = (ncols_y + WARP_SIZE - 1) / WARP_SIZE;
+    const dim3 block_nums(block_num_x, block_num_y, 1);
+    const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, WARP_SIZE/4, 1);
+    mul_mat_q<QK_K, QR6_K, QI6_K, block_q6_K, allocate_tiles_q6_K, load_tiles_q6_K, VDR_q6_K_q8_1, vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1_mul_mat>
+        <<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(vx, vy, dst, ncols_x, nrows_x, ncols_y, nrows_y, nrows_dst);
+}
+
 static void ggml_mul_mat_p021_f16_f32_cuda(
     const void * vx, const float * y, float * dst, const int ncols_x, const int nrows_x,
     const int nchannels_x, const int nchannels_y, cudaStream_t stream) {
@@ -2544,12 +3765,13 @@ static void scale_f32_cuda(const float * x, float * dst, const float scale, cons
     scale_f32<<<num_blocks, CUDA_SCALE_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, scale, k);
 }
 
-static void rope_f32_cuda(const float * x, float * dst, const int ncols, const int nrows, const float p, const float theta_scale, cudaStream_t stream) {
+static void rope_f32_cuda(const float * x, float * dst, const int ncols, const int nrows, const float p0,
+                          const float p_delta, const int p_delta_rows, const float theta_scale, cudaStream_t stream) {
     GGML_ASSERT(nrows % 2 == 0);
     const dim3 block_dims(2*CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE, 1, 1);
     const int num_blocks_x = (ncols + 2*CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / (2*CUDA_ROPE_BLOCK_SIZE);
     const dim3 block_nums(num_blocks_x, nrows, 1);
-    rope_f32<<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, ncols, p, theta_scale);
+    rope_f32<<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(x, dst, ncols, p0, p_delta, p_delta_rows, theta_scale);
 }
 
 static void rope_glm_f32_cuda(const float * x, float * dst, const int ncols, const int nrows, const float p, const float block_p, const float theta_scale, cudaStream_t stream) {
@@ -2676,10 +3898,9 @@ static size_t g_scratch_offset = 0;
 
 static int g_device_count = -1;
 static int g_main_device = 0;
-#ifndef GGML_CUDA_FORCE_DMMV
 static int g_compute_capabilities[GGML_CUDA_MAX_DEVICES];
-#endif
 static float g_tensor_split[GGML_CUDA_MAX_DEVICES] = {0};
+static bool g_mul_mat_q = false;
 
 static cublasHandle_t g_cublas_handles[GGML_CUDA_MAX_DEVICES] = {nullptr};
 
@@ -2701,9 +3922,7 @@ void ggml_init_cublas() {
             g_tensor_split[id] = total_vram;
             total_vram += prop.totalGlobalMem;
 
-#ifndef GGML_CUDA_FORCE_DMMV
             g_compute_capabilities[id] = 100*prop.major + 10*prop.minor;
-#endif
         }
         for (int id = 0; id < g_device_count; ++id) {
             g_tensor_split[id] /= total_vram;
@@ -2965,6 +4184,83 @@ inline void ggml_cuda_op_rms_norm(
     (void) i1;
 }
 
+inline void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_q(
+    const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, char * src0_ddq_i,
+    float * src0_ddf_i, float * src1_ddf_i, float * dst_ddf_i, int64_t i02, int64_t i01_low, int64_t i01_high, int i1,
+    cudaStream_t & cudaStream_main){
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0_ddq_i != nullptr);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1_ddf_i != nullptr);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst_ddf_i != nullptr);
+
+    const int64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+
+    const int64_t ne10 = src1->ne[0];
+    const int64_t ne11 = src1->ne[1];
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne10 % QK8_1 == 0);
+
+    const int64_t ne0 = dst->ne[0];
+
+    const int64_t i01_diff = i01_high - i01_low;
+
+    int id;
+    CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetDevice(&id));
+
+    // the main device has a larger memory buffer to hold the results from all GPUs
+    // nrows_dst == nrows of the matrix that the dequantize_mul_mat kernel writes into
+    const int64_t nrows_dst = dst->backend == GGML_BACKEND_GPU && id == g_main_device ? ne0 : i01_diff;
+
+    const int64_t padded_row_size = ne10 % MATRIX_ROW_PADDING == 0 ?
+        ne10 : ne10 - ne10 % MATRIX_ROW_PADDING + MATRIX_ROW_PADDING;
+    size_t as;
+    void * src1_q8_1 = ggml_cuda_pool_malloc(padded_row_size*ne11*sizeof(block_q8_1)/QK8_1, &as);
+    quantize_row_q8_1_cuda(src1_ddf_i, src1_q8_1, ne10, ne11, padded_row_size, cudaStream_main);
+
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+            ggml_mul_mat_q4_0_q8_1_cuda(src0_ddq_i, src1_q8_1, dst_ddf_i, ne00, i01_diff, ne11, padded_row_size, nrows_dst, cudaStream_main);
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+            ggml_mul_mat_q4_1_q8_1_cuda(src0_ddq_i, src1_q8_1, dst_ddf_i, ne00, i01_diff, ne11, padded_row_size, nrows_dst, cudaStream_main);
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+            ggml_mul_mat_q5_0_q8_1_cuda(src0_ddq_i, src1_q8_1, dst_ddf_i, ne00, i01_diff, ne11, padded_row_size, nrows_dst, cudaStream_main);
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+            ggml_mul_mat_q5_1_q8_1_cuda(src0_ddq_i, src1_q8_1, dst_ddf_i, ne00, i01_diff, ne11, padded_row_size, nrows_dst, cudaStream_main);
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+            ggml_mul_mat_q8_0_q8_1_cuda(src0_ddq_i, src1_q8_1, dst_ddf_i, ne00, i01_diff, ne11, padded_row_size, nrows_dst, cudaStream_main);
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
+            ggml_mul_mat_q2_K_q8_1_cuda(src0_ddq_i, src1_q8_1, dst_ddf_i, ne00, i01_diff, ne11, padded_row_size, nrows_dst, cudaStream_main);
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
+            ggml_mul_mat_q3_K_q8_1_cuda(src0_ddq_i, src1_q8_1, dst_ddf_i, ne00, i01_diff, ne11, padded_row_size, nrows_dst, cudaStream_main);
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
+            ggml_mul_mat_q4_K_q8_1_cuda(src0_ddq_i, src1_q8_1, dst_ddf_i, ne00, i01_diff, ne11, padded_row_size, nrows_dst, cudaStream_main);
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
+            ggml_mul_mat_q5_K_q8_1_cuda(src0_ddq_i, src1_q8_1, dst_ddf_i, ne00, i01_diff, ne11, padded_row_size, nrows_dst, cudaStream_main);
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+            ggml_mul_mat_q6_K_q8_1_cuda(src0_ddq_i, src1_q8_1, dst_ddf_i, ne00, i01_diff, ne11, padded_row_size, nrows_dst, cudaStream_main);
+            break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ASSERT(false);
+            break;
+    }
+
+    ggml_cuda_pool_free(src1_q8_1, as);
+
+    (void) src1;
+    (void) dst;
+    (void) src0_ddf_i;
+    (void) i02;
+    (void) i1;
+}
+
 inline void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_vec(
     const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst, char * src0_ddq_i,
     float * src0_ddf_i, float * src1_ddf_i, float * dst_ddf_i, int64_t i02, int64_t i01_low, int64_t i01_high, int i1,
@@ -2979,6 +4275,7 @@ inline void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_vec(
 
 #ifdef GGML_CUDA_FORCE_DMMV
     const bool use_mul_mat_vec_q = false;
+    (void) g_compute_capabilities[0];
 #else
     int id;
     CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetDevice(&id));
@@ -3006,7 +4303,7 @@ inline void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_vec(
             ne00 : ne00 - ne00 % MATRIX_ROW_PADDING + MATRIX_ROW_PADDING;
         size_t as;
         void * src1_q8_1 = ggml_cuda_pool_malloc(padded_row_size*sizeof(block_q8_1)/QK8_1, &as);
-        quantize_row_q8_1_cuda(src1_ddf_i, src1_q8_1, ne00, padded_row_size, cudaStream_main);
+        quantize_row_q8_1_cuda(src1_ddf_i, src1_q8_1, ne00, 1, padded_row_size, cudaStream_main);
 
         switch (src0->type) {
             case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
@@ -3047,7 +4344,7 @@ inline void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_vec(
         ggml_cuda_pool_free(src1_q8_1, as);
     } else {
         // on some GPUs it is faster to convert src1 to half and to use half precision intrinsics
-#ifdef GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_F16
         size_t ash;
         dfloat * src1_dfloat = nullptr; // dfloat == half
 
@@ -3063,7 +4360,7 @@ inline void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_vec(
         }
 #else
         dfloat * src1_dfloat = src1_ddf_i; // dfloat == float, no conversion
-#endif // GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_F16
 
         switch (src0->type) {
             case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
@@ -3104,11 +4401,11 @@ inline void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_vec(
                 break;
         }
 
-#ifdef GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_F16
         if (src1_convert_f16) {
             ggml_cuda_pool_free(src1_dfloat, ash);
         }
-#endif // GGML_CUDA_DMMV_F16
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_F16
     }
 
     (void) src1;
@@ -3168,6 +4465,7 @@ inline void ggml_cuda_op_rope(
     GGML_ASSERT(dst_ddf_i != nullptr);
 
     const int64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    const int64_t ne01 = src0->ne[1];
     const int64_t i01_diff = i01_high - i01_low;
 
     const int n_past = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
@@ -3181,17 +4479,18 @@ inline void ggml_cuda_op_rope(
     memcpy(&freq_scale, (int32_t *) dst->op_params + 5, sizeof(float));
 
     const float theta_scale = powf(freq_base, -2.0f/n_dims);
-    const float p = (((mode & 1) == 0 ? n_past + i02 : i02)) * freq_scale;
 
-    bool is_glm = mode & 4;
+    const bool is_glm = mode & 4;
 
     // compute
     if (is_glm) {
+        const float p = (((mode & 1) == 0 ? n_past + i02 : i02)) * freq_scale;
         const float id_p = min(p, n_ctx - 2.f);
         const float block_p = max(p - (n_ctx - 2.f), 0.f);
         rope_glm_f32_cuda(src0_ddf_i, dst_ddf_i, ne00, i01_diff, id_p, block_p, theta_scale, cudaStream_main);
     } else {
-        rope_f32_cuda(src0_ddf_i, dst_ddf_i, ne00, i01_diff, p, theta_scale, cudaStream_main);
+        const float p0 = (((mode & 1) == 0 ? n_past : 0)) * freq_scale;
+        rope_f32_cuda(src0_ddf_i, dst_ddf_i, ne00, i01_diff, p0, freq_scale, ne01, theta_scale, cudaStream_main);
     }
 
     (void) src1;
@@ -3363,7 +4662,10 @@ static void ggml_cuda_op(const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggm
         int64_t row_low, row_high;
         if (split) {
             row_low = id == 0 ? 0 : nrows0*g_tensor_split[id];
+            row_low -= row_low % GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y;
+
             row_high = id == g_device_count - 1 ? nrows0 : nrows0*g_tensor_split[id + 1];
+            row_high -= row_high % GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y;
         } else {
             row_low = 0;
             row_high = nrows0*i02_divisor;
@@ -3529,13 +4831,12 @@ static void ggml_cuda_op(const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggm
                     if (split) {
                         // src0 = weight matrix is saved as a transposed matrix for better memory layout.
                         // dst is NOT transposed.
-                        // The outputs of cuBLAS matrix matrix multiplications can therefore NOT simply be concatenated for >1 GPU.
+                        // The outputs of matrix matrix multiplications can therefore NOT simply be concatenated for >1 GPU.
                         // Instead they need to be copied to the correct slice in ne0 = dst row index.
                         // If dst is a vector with ne0 == 1 then you don't have to do this but it still produces correct results.
-                        for (int64_t j = 0; j < ne1; ++j) {
-                            float * dhf_dst_i = (float *) ((char *) dst_off_device + (j*ne0 + i01_low)*sizeof(float) + i02*nb2 + i03*nb3);
-                            CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(dhf_dst_i, dst_ddf_i + j*i01_diff, i01_diff*sizeof(float), kind, cudaStream_main));
-                        }
+                        float * dhf_dst_i = (float *) ((char *) dst_off_device + i01_low*sizeof(float) + i02*nb2 + i03*nb3);
+                        CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpy2DAsync(dhf_dst_i, ne0*sizeof(float), dst_ddf_i, i01_diff*sizeof(float),
+                                                     i01_diff*sizeof(float), ne1, kind, cudaStream_main));
                     } else {
                         float * dhf_dst_i = (float *) ((char *) dst_off_device + i02*nb2 + i03*nb3);
                         CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(dhf_dst_i, dst_ddf_i, dst_stride*sizeof(float), kind, cudaStream_main));
@@ -3718,7 +5019,18 @@ void ggml_cuda_mul_mat(const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_
         if (src1->ne[1] == 1 && src0->ne[0] % GGML_CUDA_DMMV_X == 0) {
             ggml_cuda_op(src0, src1, dst, ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_vec, false, false);
         } else {
-            ggml_cuda_op(src0, src1, dst, ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_cublas, true, false);
+            int min_compute_capability = INT_MAX;
+            for (int id = 0; id < g_device_count; ++id) {
+                if (min_compute_capability > g_compute_capabilities[id]) {
+                    min_compute_capability = g_compute_capabilities[id];
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (g_mul_mat_q && ggml_is_quantized(src0->type) && min_compute_capability >= MIN_CC_DP4A) {
+                ggml_cuda_op(src0, src1, dst, ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_q, false, false);
+            } else {
+                ggml_cuda_op(src0, src1, dst, ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_cublas, true, false);
+            }
         }
     } else {
         GGML_ASSERT(false);
@@ -3795,7 +5107,10 @@ void ggml_cuda_soft_max(const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml
 
 void ggml_cuda_rope(const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    ggml_cuda_op(src0, src1, dst, ggml_cuda_op_rope, true, false); // FIXME flatten changes results
+
+    const int mode = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[2];
+    const bool is_glm = mode & 4;
+    ggml_cuda_op(src0, src1, dst, ggml_cuda_op_rope, true, !is_glm); // flatten support not implemented for glm
 }
 
 void ggml_cuda_nop(const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
@@ -3828,7 +5143,10 @@ void ggml_cuda_transform_tensor(void * data, struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
             row_high = nrows;
         } else if (backend == GGML_BACKEND_GPU_SPLIT) {
             row_low = id == 0 ? 0 : nrows*g_tensor_split[id];
+            row_low -= row_low % GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y;
+
             row_high = id == g_device_count - 1 ? nrows : nrows*g_tensor_split[id + 1];
+            row_high -= row_high % GGML_CUDA_MMQ_Y;
         } else {
             GGML_ASSERT(false);
         }
@@ -4002,6 +5320,10 @@ void ggml_cuda_set_main_device(int main_device) {
     }
 }
 
+void ggml_cuda_set_mul_mat_q(bool mul_mat_q) {
+    g_mul_mat_q = mul_mat_q;
+}
+
 void ggml_cuda_set_scratch_size(size_t scratch_size) {
     g_scratch_size = scratch_size;
 }
diff --git a/ggml-cuda.h b/ggml-cuda.h
index 3c1e8deb6..72d7afa46 100644
--- a/ggml-cuda.h
+++ b/ggml-cuda.h
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ void   ggml_cuda_assign_buffers(struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
 void   ggml_cuda_assign_buffers_no_scratch(struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
 void   ggml_cuda_assign_buffers_force_inplace(struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
 void   ggml_cuda_set_main_device(int main_device);
+void   ggml_cuda_set_mul_mat_q(bool mul_mat_q);
 void   ggml_cuda_set_scratch_size(size_t scratch_size);
 void   ggml_cuda_free_scratch(void);
 bool   ggml_cuda_compute_forward(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
diff --git a/ggml-metal.m b/ggml-metal.m
index 74a6bff40..3f098d396 100644
--- a/ggml-metal.m
+++ b/ggml-metal.m
@@ -718,7 +718,8 @@ void ggml_metal_graph_compute(
                             // TODO: needs to be updated after PR: https://github.com/ggerganov/ggml/pull/224
 
                             GGML_ASSERT(ne00 == ne10);
-                            GGML_ASSERT(ne02 == ne12);
+                            // GGML_ASSERT(ne02 == ne12); // Should be checked on individual data types until broadcast is implemented everywhere
+                            GGML_ASSERT(ne03 == ne13);
 
                             if (ggml_is_contiguous(src0) &&
                                 ggml_is_contiguous(src1) &&
@@ -746,11 +747,11 @@ void ggml_metal_graph_compute(
                                     initWithDevice:ctx->device transposeLeft:false transposeRight:true
                                         resultRows:ne11 resultColumns:ne01 interiorColumns:ne00 alpha:1.0 beta:0.0];
 
-                                // we need to do ne02 multiplications
+                                // we need to do ne12 multiplications
                                 // TODO: is there a way to do this in parallel - currently very slow ..
                                 // TODO: might be possible to offload part of the computation to ANE using Accelerate's CBLAS
-                                for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; ++i02) {
-                                    size_t offs_src0_cur = offs_src0 + i02*nb02;
+                                for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne12; ++i02) {
+                                    size_t offs_src0_cur = offs_src0 + i02/(ne12/ne02)*nb02; // gqa not used for now
                                     size_t offs_src1_cur = offs_src1 + i02*nb12;
                                     size_t offs_dst_cur  = offs_dst  + i02*nb2;
 
@@ -772,8 +773,6 @@ void ggml_metal_graph_compute(
                                 switch (src0t) {
                                     case GGML_TYPE_F16:
                                         {
-                                            GGML_ASSERT(ne02 == ne12);
-
                                             nth0 = 64;
                                             nth1 = 1;
                                             [encoder setComputePipelineState:ctx->pipeline_mul_mat_f16_f32];
@@ -853,16 +852,18 @@ void ggml_metal_graph_compute(
                                 [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:2];
                                 [encoder setBytes:&ne00 length:sizeof(ne00) atIndex:3];
                                 [encoder setBytes:&ne01 length:sizeof(ne01) atIndex:4];
-                                [encoder setBytes:&nb00 length:sizeof(nb00) atIndex:5];
-                                [encoder setBytes:&nb01 length:sizeof(nb01) atIndex:6];
-                                [encoder setBytes:&nb02 length:sizeof(nb02) atIndex:7];
-                                [encoder setBytes:&ne10 length:sizeof(ne10) atIndex:8];
-                                [encoder setBytes:&ne11 length:sizeof(ne11) atIndex:9];
-                                [encoder setBytes:&nb10 length:sizeof(nb10) atIndex:10];
-                                [encoder setBytes:&nb11 length:sizeof(nb11) atIndex:11];
-                                [encoder setBytes:&nb12 length:sizeof(nb12) atIndex:12];
-                                [encoder setBytes:&ne0  length:sizeof(ne0)  atIndex:13];
-                                [encoder setBytes:&ne1  length:sizeof(ne1)  atIndex:14];
+                                [encoder setBytes:&ne02 length:sizeof(ne02) atIndex:5];
+                                [encoder setBytes:&nb00 length:sizeof(nb00) atIndex:6];
+                                [encoder setBytes:&nb01 length:sizeof(nb01) atIndex:7];
+                                [encoder setBytes:&nb02 length:sizeof(nb02) atIndex:8];
+                                [encoder setBytes:&ne10 length:sizeof(ne10) atIndex:9];
+                                [encoder setBytes:&ne11 length:sizeof(ne11) atIndex:10];
+                                [encoder setBytes:&ne12 length:sizeof(ne12) atIndex:11];
+                                [encoder setBytes:&nb10 length:sizeof(nb10) atIndex:12];
+                                [encoder setBytes:&nb11 length:sizeof(nb11) atIndex:13];
+                                [encoder setBytes:&nb12 length:sizeof(nb12) atIndex:14];
+                                [encoder setBytes:&ne0  length:sizeof(ne0)  atIndex:15];
+                                [encoder setBytes:&ne1  length:sizeof(ne1)  atIndex:16];
 
                                 if (src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 || src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q4_1 ||
                                     src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q2_K || src0t == GGML_TYPE_Q4_K) {
diff --git a/ggml-metal.metal b/ggml-metal.metal
index 696b33ce7..8d26b5ec2 100644
--- a/ggml-metal.metal
+++ b/ggml-metal.metal
@@ -509,11 +509,13 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32(
         device       float * dst,
         constant   int64_t & ne00,
         constant   int64_t & ne01,
+        constant   int64_t & ne02,
         constant  uint64_t & nb00,
         constant  uint64_t & nb01,
         constant  uint64_t & nb02,
         constant   int64_t & ne10,
         constant   int64_t & ne11,
+        constant   int64_t & ne12,
         constant  uint64_t & nb10,
         constant  uint64_t & nb11,
         constant  uint64_t & nb12,
@@ -529,7 +531,7 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32(
     const int64_t r1 = tgpig.y;
     const int64_t im = tgpig.z;
 
-    device const half  * x = (device const half  *) (src0 + r0*nb01 + im*nb02);
+    device const half  * x = (device const half  *) (src0 + r0*nb01 + im/(ne12/ne02)*nb02);
     device const float * y = (device const float *) (src1 + r1*nb11 + im*nb12);
 
     sum[tpitg.x] = 0.0f;
@@ -552,6 +554,7 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_mat_f16_f32(
     }
 }
 
+
 kernel void kernel_alibi_f32(
         device const float * src0,
         device       float * dst,
diff --git a/ggml.c b/ggml.c
index 35c56151b..fa0f98aa0 100644
--- a/ggml.c
+++ b/ggml.c
@@ -4071,8 +4071,8 @@ bool ggml_is_numa(void) {
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 void ggml_print_object(const struct ggml_object * obj) {
-    GGML_PRINT(" - ggml_object: offset = %zu, size = %zu, next = %p\n",
-            obj->offs, obj->size, (const void *) obj->next);
+    GGML_PRINT(" - ggml_object: type = %d, offset = %zu, size = %zu, next = %p\n",
+            obj->type, obj->offs, obj->size, (const void *) obj->next);
 }
 
 void ggml_print_objects(const struct ggml_context * ctx) {
@@ -4212,7 +4212,7 @@ enum ggml_type ggml_ftype_to_ggml_type(enum ggml_ftype ftype) {
 }
 
 size_t ggml_tensor_overhead(void) {
-    return GGML_OBJECT_SIZE + GGML_TENSOR_SIZE + 16;
+    return GGML_OBJECT_SIZE + GGML_TENSOR_SIZE;
 }
 
 bool ggml_is_transposed(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
@@ -4383,7 +4383,7 @@ struct ggml_context * ggml_init(struct ggml_init_params params) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    const size_t mem_size = (params.mem_size + GGML_MEM_ALIGN - 1) & ~(GGML_MEM_ALIGN - 1);
+    const size_t mem_size = params.mem_buffer ? params.mem_size : GGML_PAD(params.mem_size, GGML_MEM_ALIGN);
 
     *ctx = (struct ggml_context) {
         /*.mem_size           =*/ mem_size,
@@ -4472,12 +4472,14 @@ size_t ggml_get_max_tensor_size(const struct ggml_context * ctx) {
     struct ggml_object * obj = ctx->objects_begin;
 
     while (obj != NULL) {
-        struct ggml_tensor * tensor = (struct ggml_tensor *) ((char *) ctx->mem_buffer + obj->offs);
+        if (obj->type == GGML_OBJECT_TENSOR) {
+            struct ggml_tensor * tensor = (struct ggml_tensor *) ((char *) ctx->mem_buffer + obj->offs);
 
-        const size_t size = ggml_nbytes(tensor);
+            const size_t size = ggml_nbytes(tensor);
 
-        if (max_size < size) {
-            max_size = size;
+            if (max_size < size) {
+                max_size = size;
+            }
         }
 
         obj = obj->next;
@@ -4509,12 +4511,7 @@ static void ggml_scratch_load(struct ggml_context * ctx) {
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-static struct ggml_tensor * ggml_new_tensor_impl(
-        struct ggml_context * ctx,
-        enum   ggml_type type,
-        int    n_dims,
-        const int64_t* ne,
-        void*  data) {
+static struct ggml_object * ggml_new_object(struct ggml_context * ctx, enum ggml_object_type type, size_t size) {
     // always insert objects at the end of the context's memory pool
     struct ggml_object * obj_cur = ctx->objects_end;
 
@@ -4522,63 +4519,28 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * ggml_new_tensor_impl(
     const size_t cur_size = obj_cur == NULL ? 0 : obj_cur->size;
     const size_t cur_end  = cur_offs + cur_size;
 
-    size_t size_needed = 0;
-
-    if (data == NULL && !ctx->no_alloc) {
-        size_needed += GGML_TYPE_SIZE[type]*(ne[0]/GGML_BLCK_SIZE[type]);
-        for (int i = 1; i < n_dims; i++) {
-            size_needed *= ne[i];
-        }
-        // align to GGML_MEM_ALIGN
-        size_needed = ((size_needed + GGML_MEM_ALIGN - 1)/GGML_MEM_ALIGN)*GGML_MEM_ALIGN;
-    }
+    // align to GGML_MEM_ALIGN
+    size_t size_needed = GGML_PAD(size, GGML_MEM_ALIGN);
 
     char * const mem_buffer = ctx->mem_buffer;
     struct ggml_object * const obj_new = (struct ggml_object *)(mem_buffer + cur_end);
 
-    if (ctx->scratch.data == NULL || data != NULL) {
-        size_needed += GGML_TENSOR_SIZE;
-
-        if (cur_end + size_needed + GGML_OBJECT_SIZE > ctx->mem_size) {
-            GGML_PRINT("%s: not enough space in the context's memory pool (needed %zu, available %zu)\n",
-                    __func__, cur_end + size_needed + GGML_OBJECT_SIZE, ctx->mem_size);
-            assert(false);
-            return NULL;
-        }
-
-        *obj_new = (struct ggml_object) {
-            .offs = cur_end + GGML_OBJECT_SIZE,
-            .size = size_needed,
-            .next = NULL,
-        };
-    } else {
-        if (ctx->scratch.offs + size_needed > ctx->scratch.size) {
-            GGML_PRINT("%s: not enough space in the scratch memory pool (needed %zu, available %zu)\n",
-                    __func__, ctx->scratch.offs + size_needed, ctx->scratch.size);
-            assert(false);
-            return NULL;
-        }
-
-        if (cur_end + GGML_TENSOR_SIZE + GGML_OBJECT_SIZE > ctx->mem_size) {
-            GGML_PRINT("%s: not enough space in the context's memory pool (needed %zu, available %zu)\n",
-                    __func__, cur_end + GGML_TENSOR_SIZE + GGML_OBJECT_SIZE, ctx->mem_size);
-            assert(false);
-            return NULL;
-        }
-
-        data = (char * const) ctx->scratch.data + ctx->scratch.offs;
-
-        *obj_new = (struct ggml_object) {
-            .offs = cur_end + GGML_OBJECT_SIZE,
-            .size = GGML_TENSOR_SIZE,
-            .next = NULL,
-        };
-
-        //printf("scratch offs = %zu, size_needed = %zu\n", ctx->scratch.offs, size_needed);
-
-        ctx->scratch.offs += size_needed;
+    if (cur_end + size_needed + GGML_OBJECT_SIZE > ctx->mem_size) {
+        GGML_PRINT("%s: not enough space in the context's memory pool (needed %zu, available %zu)\n",
+                __func__, cur_end + size_needed, ctx->mem_size);
+        assert(false);
+        return NULL;
     }
 
+    *obj_new = (struct ggml_object) {
+        .offs = cur_end + GGML_OBJECT_SIZE,
+        .size = size_needed,
+        .next = NULL,
+        .type = type,
+    };
+
+    ggml_assert_aligned(mem_buffer + obj_new->offs);
+
     if (obj_cur != NULL) {
         obj_cur->next = obj_new;
     } else {
@@ -4590,9 +4552,48 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * ggml_new_tensor_impl(
 
     //printf("%s: inserted new object at %zu, size = %zu\n", __func__, cur_end, obj_new->size);
 
-    struct ggml_tensor * const result = (struct ggml_tensor *)(mem_buffer + obj_new->offs);
+    return obj_new;
+}
 
-    ggml_assert_aligned(result);
+static struct ggml_tensor * ggml_new_tensor_impl(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        enum   ggml_type      type,
+        int                   n_dims,
+        const int64_t       * ne,
+        void                * data) {
+
+    assert(n_dims >= 1 && n_dims <= GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+
+    size_t data_size = 0;
+
+    if (data == NULL && !ctx->no_alloc) {
+        data_size += GGML_TYPE_SIZE[type]*(ne[0]/GGML_BLCK_SIZE[type]);
+        for (int i = 1; i < n_dims; i++) {
+            data_size *= ne[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->scratch.data != NULL && data == NULL) {
+        // allocate tensor data in the scratch buffer
+        if (ctx->scratch.offs + data_size > ctx->scratch.size) {
+            GGML_PRINT("%s: not enough space in the scratch memory pool (needed %zu, available %zu)\n",
+                    __func__, ctx->scratch.offs + data_size, ctx->scratch.size);
+            assert(false);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        data = (char * const) ctx->scratch.data + ctx->scratch.offs;
+
+        ctx->scratch.offs += data_size;
+
+        data_size = 0;
+    }
+
+    struct ggml_object * const obj_new = ggml_new_object(ctx, GGML_OBJECT_TENSOR, GGML_TENSOR_SIZE + data_size);
+
+    // TODO: for recoverable errors, we would need to free the data allocated from the scratch buffer here
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * const result = (struct ggml_tensor *)((char *)ctx->mem_buffer + obj_new->offs);
 
     *result = (struct ggml_tensor) {
         /*.type         =*/ type,
@@ -4649,22 +4650,22 @@ static void ggml_set_op_params_i32(struct ggml_tensor * tensor, uint32_t i, int3
 
 struct ggml_tensor * ggml_new_tensor(
         struct ggml_context * ctx,
-        enum   ggml_type type,
-        int    n_dims,
-        const int64_t * ne) {
+        enum   ggml_type      type,
+        int                   n_dims,
+        const int64_t       * ne) {
     return ggml_new_tensor_impl(ctx, type, n_dims, ne, NULL);
 }
 
 struct ggml_tensor * ggml_new_tensor_1d(
         struct ggml_context * ctx,
-        enum   ggml_type type,
+        enum   ggml_type      type,
         int64_t ne0) {
     return ggml_new_tensor(ctx, type, 1, &ne0);
 }
 
 struct ggml_tensor * ggml_new_tensor_2d(
         struct ggml_context * ctx,
-        enum   ggml_type type,
+        enum   ggml_type      type,
         int64_t ne0,
         int64_t ne1) {
     const int64_t ne[2] = { ne0, ne1 };
@@ -4673,7 +4674,7 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_new_tensor_2d(
 
 struct ggml_tensor * ggml_new_tensor_3d(
         struct ggml_context * ctx,
-        enum   ggml_type type,
+        enum   ggml_type      type,
         int64_t ne0,
         int64_t ne1,
         int64_t ne2) {
@@ -4983,11 +4984,6 @@ enum ggml_unary_op ggml_get_unary_op(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
     return (enum ggml_unary_op) ggml_get_op_params_i32(tensor, 0);
 }
 
-static void ggml_set_unary_op(struct ggml_tensor * tensor, enum ggml_unary_op op) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(tensor->op = GGML_OP_UNARY);
-    ggml_set_op_params_i32(tensor, 0, (int32_t) op);
-}
-
 const char * ggml_get_name(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
     return tensor->name;
 }
@@ -5026,9 +5022,11 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_get_tensor(struct ggml_context * ctx, const char * nam
     char * const mem_buffer = ctx->mem_buffer;
 
     while (obj != NULL) {
-        struct ggml_tensor * cur = (struct ggml_tensor *)(mem_buffer + obj->offs);
-        if (strcmp(cur->name, name) == 0) {
-            return cur;
+        if (obj->type == GGML_OBJECT_TENSOR) {
+            struct ggml_tensor * cur = (struct ggml_tensor *)(mem_buffer + obj->offs);
+            if (strcmp(cur->name, name) == 0) {
+                return cur;
+            }
         }
 
         obj = obj->next;
@@ -6242,6 +6240,27 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_reshape_4d(
 
 // ggml_view_1d
 
+static struct ggml_tensor * ggml_view_tensor_offset(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        int                   n_dims,
+        const int64_t       * ne,
+        size_t                offset) {
+    // don't calculate an offset from an unallocated tensor
+    void * data = NULL;
+    if (a->data != NULL) {
+        data = (char *) a->data + offset;
+    }
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_new_tensor_impl(ctx, a->type, n_dims, ne, data);
+
+    ggml_format_name(result, "%s (view)", a->name);
+
+    ggml_set_op_params(result, &offset, sizeof(offset));
+
+    return result;
+}
+
 struct ggml_tensor * ggml_view_1d(
         struct ggml_context * ctx,
         struct ggml_tensor  * a,
@@ -6254,10 +6273,7 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_view_1d(
         is_node = true;
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_new_tensor_impl(ctx, a->type, 1, &ne0, (char *) a->data + offset);
-    ggml_format_name(result, "%s (view)", a->name);
-
-    ggml_set_op_params(result, &offset, sizeof(offset));
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_view_tensor_offset(ctx, a, 1, &ne0, offset);
 
     result->op   = GGML_OP_VIEW;
     result->grad = is_node ? ggml_dup_tensor(ctx, result) : NULL;
@@ -6284,10 +6300,7 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_view_2d(
 
     const int64_t ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS] = { ne0, ne1, 1, 1 };
 
-    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_new_tensor_impl(ctx, a->type, 2, ne, (char *) a->data + offset);
-    ggml_format_name(result, "%s (view)", a->name);
-
-    ggml_set_op_params(result, &offset, sizeof(offset));
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_view_tensor_offset(ctx, a, 2, ne, offset);
 
     result->nb[1] = nb1;
     result->nb[2] = result->nb[1]*ne1;
@@ -6320,10 +6333,7 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_view_3d(
 
     const int64_t ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS] = { ne0, ne1, ne2, 1 };
 
-    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_new_tensor_impl(ctx, a->type, 3, ne, (char *) a->data + offset);
-    ggml_format_name(result, "%s (view)", a->name);
-
-    ggml_set_op_params(result, &offset, sizeof(offset));
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_view_tensor_offset(ctx, a, 3, ne, offset);
 
     result->nb[1] = nb1;
     result->nb[2] = nb2;
@@ -6358,10 +6368,7 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_view_4d(
 
     const int64_t ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS] = { ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3 };
 
-    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_new_tensor_impl(ctx, a->type, 4, ne, (char *) a->data + offset);
-    ggml_format_name(result, "%s (view)", a->name);
-
-    ggml_set_op_params(result, &offset, sizeof(offset));
+    struct ggml_tensor * result = ggml_view_tensor_offset(ctx, a, 4, ne, offset);
 
     result->nb[1] = nb1;
     result->nb[2] = nb2;
@@ -6745,6 +6752,18 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_rope_inplace(
     return ggml_rope_impl(ctx, a, n_past, n_dims, mode, n_ctx, 10000.0f, 1.0f, true);
 }
 
+struct ggml_tensor * ggml_rope_custom(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        int                   n_past,
+        int                   n_dims,
+        int                   mode,
+        int                   n_ctx,
+        float                 freq_base,
+        float                 freq_scale) {
+    return ggml_rope_impl(ctx, a, n_past, n_dims, mode, n_ctx, freq_base, freq_scale, false);
+}
+
 struct ggml_tensor * ggml_rope_custom_inplace(
         struct ggml_context * ctx,
         struct ggml_tensor  * a,
@@ -7225,7 +7244,7 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * ggml_unary_impl(
 
     struct ggml_tensor * result = inplace ? ggml_view_tensor(ctx, a) : ggml_dup_tensor(ctx, a);
 
-    ggml_set_unary_op(result, op);
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(result, 0, (int32_t) op);
 
     result->op   = GGML_OP_UNARY;
     result->grad = is_node ? ggml_dup_tensor(ctx, result) : NULL;
@@ -15829,6 +15848,35 @@ struct ggml_cgraph ggml_build_backward(struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_cg
     return result;
 }
 
+struct ggml_cgraph * ggml_new_graph(struct ggml_context * ctx) {
+    struct ggml_object * obj = ggml_new_object(ctx, GGML_OBJECT_GRAPH, GGML_GRAPH_SIZE);
+    struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph = (struct ggml_cgraph *) ((char *) ctx->mem_buffer + obj->offs);
+
+    *cgraph = (struct ggml_cgraph) {
+        /*.n_nodes      =*/ 0,
+        /*.n_leafs      =*/ 0,
+        /*.nodes        =*/ { NULL },
+        /*.grads        =*/ { NULL },
+        /*.leafs        =*/ { NULL },
+        /*.hash_table   =*/ { NULL },
+        /*.perf_runs    =*/ 0,
+        /*.perf_cycles  =*/ 0,
+        /*.perf_time_us =*/ 0,
+    };
+
+    return cgraph;
+}
+
+struct ggml_cgraph * ggml_build_forward_ctx(struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph = ggml_new_graph(ctx);
+    ggml_build_forward_impl(cgraph, tensor, false);
+    return cgraph;
+}
+
+size_t ggml_graph_overhead(void) {
+    return GGML_OBJECT_SIZE + GGML_PAD(GGML_GRAPH_SIZE, GGML_MEM_ALIGN);
+}
+
 //
 // thread data
 //
@@ -16544,10 +16592,9 @@ void ggml_graph_reset(struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
 void ggml_graph_compute_with_ctx(struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int n_threads) {
     struct ggml_cplan cplan = ggml_graph_plan(cgraph, n_threads);
 
-    struct ggml_tensor * buf = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I8, cplan.work_size);
-    GGML_ASSERT(buf);
+    struct ggml_object * obj = ggml_new_object(ctx, GGML_OBJECT_WORK_BUFFER, cplan.work_size);
 
-    cplan.work_data = buf->data;
+    cplan.work_data = (uint8_t *)ctx->mem_buffer + obj->offs;
 
     ggml_graph_compute(cgraph, &cplan);
 }
diff --git a/ggml.h b/ggml.h
index c309f1361..aba92480c 100644
--- a/ggml.h
+++ b/ggml.h
@@ -208,6 +208,7 @@
 
 #define GGML_UNUSED(x) (void)(x)
 
+#define GGML_PAD(x, n) (((x) + (n) - 1) & ~((n) - 1))
 
 #define GGML_ASSERT(x) \
     do { \
@@ -396,6 +397,12 @@ extern "C" {
         GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU,
     };
 
+    enum ggml_object_type {
+        GGML_OBJECT_TENSOR,
+        GGML_OBJECT_GRAPH,
+        GGML_OBJECT_WORK_BUFFER
+    };
+
     // ggml object
     struct ggml_object {
         size_t offs;
@@ -403,7 +410,9 @@ extern "C" {
 
         struct ggml_object * next;
 
-        char padding[8];
+        enum ggml_object_type type;
+
+        char padding[4];
     };
 
     static const size_t GGML_OBJECT_SIZE = sizeof(struct ggml_object);
@@ -424,7 +433,7 @@ extern "C" {
         enum ggml_op op;
 
         // op params - allocated as int32_t for alignment
-        int32_t op_params[GGML_MAX_OP_PARAMS / sizeof(uint32_t)];
+        int32_t op_params[GGML_MAX_OP_PARAMS / sizeof(int32_t)];
 
         bool is_param;
 
@@ -485,6 +494,8 @@ extern "C" {
         int64_t perf_time_us;
     };
 
+    static const size_t GGML_GRAPH_SIZE = sizeof(struct ggml_cgraph);
+
     // scratch buffer
     struct ggml_scratch {
         size_t offs;
@@ -1159,7 +1170,18 @@ extern "C" {
             int                   mode,
             int                   n_ctx);
 
-    // custom RoPE, in-place, returns view(a)
+    // custom RoPE
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_rope_custom(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            int                   n_past,
+            int                   n_dims,
+            int                   mode,
+            int                   n_ctx,
+            float                 freq_base,
+            float                 freq_scale);
+
+    // in-place, returns view(a)
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_rope_custom_inplace(
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
             struct ggml_tensor  * a,
@@ -1391,11 +1413,17 @@ extern "C" {
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
             struct ggml_tensor  * tensor);
 
+
     GGML_API void ggml_build_forward_expand(struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
 
     GGML_API struct ggml_cgraph ggml_build_forward (struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
     GGML_API struct ggml_cgraph ggml_build_backward(struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_cgraph * gf, bool keep);
 
+    // graph allocation in a context
+    GGML_API struct ggml_cgraph * ggml_new_graph        (struct ggml_context * ctx);
+    GGML_API struct ggml_cgraph * ggml_build_forward_ctx(struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
+    GGML_API size_t ggml_graph_overhead(void);
+
     // ggml_graph_plan() has to be called before ggml_graph_compute()
     // when plan.work_size > 0, caller must allocate memory for plan.work_data
     GGML_API struct ggml_cplan ggml_graph_plan   (struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int n_threads /*= GGML_DEFAULT_N_THREADS*/);
diff --git a/k_quants.c b/k_quants.c
index e792c57ac..6348fce6b 100644
--- a/k_quants.c
+++ b/k_quants.c
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@
 #define MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
 #define MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
 
+#define MM256_SET_M128I(a, b) _mm256_insertf128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(b), (a), 1)
+
 //
 // 2-6 bit quantization in super-blocks
 //
@@ -1353,7 +1355,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restri
         const __m256i all_scales = _mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(scales8);
         const __m128i l_scales = _mm256_extracti128_si256(all_scales, 0);
         const __m128i h_scales = _mm256_extracti128_si256(all_scales, 1);
-        const __m256i scales[2] = {_mm256_set_m128i(l_scales, l_scales), _mm256_set_m128i(h_scales, h_scales)};
+        const __m256i scales[2] = {MM256_SET_M128I(l_scales, l_scales), MM256_SET_M128I(h_scales, h_scales)};
 
         __m256i sumi = _mm256_setzero_si256();
 
@@ -1421,7 +1423,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restri
         const __m128i summs_1 = _mm_madd_epi16(mins_1, _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)&y[i].bsums[8]));
 
         // sumf += -dmin * summs in 32bits*8
-        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_broadcast_ss(&dmin), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(_mm256_set_m128i(summs_1, summs_0))), acc);
+        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_broadcast_ss(&dmin), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(MM256_SET_M128I(summs_1, summs_0))), acc);
 
         const __m128i scales_0 = _mm_cvtepi8_epi16(scales16);
         const __m128i scales_1 = _mm_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(scales16, scales16));
@@ -1493,7 +1495,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restri
         }
 
         // sumf += dall * isum - dmin * summs in 32bits
-        __m256i sumi = _mm256_set_m128i(sumi_1, sumi_0);
+        __m256i sumi = MM256_SET_M128I(sumi_1, sumi_0);
         acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_broadcast_ss(&dall), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(sumi)), acc);
     }
 
@@ -1644,8 +1646,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restri
         summs += dmin * smin;
 
         const __m128i q2bits = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q2);
-        const __m256i q2_0 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_set_m128i(_mm_srli_epi16(q2bits, 2), q2bits), m3);
-        const __m256i q2_1 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_set_m128i(_mm_srli_epi16(q2bits, 6), _mm_srli_epi16(q2bits, 4)), m3);
+        const __m256i q2_0 = _mm256_and_si256(MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_srli_epi16(q2bits, 2), q2bits), m3);
+        const __m256i q2_1 = _mm256_and_si256(MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_srli_epi16(q2bits, 6), _mm_srli_epi16(q2bits, 4)), m3);
 
         const __m256i q8_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)(q8+ 0));
         const __m256i q8_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)(q8+32));
@@ -1709,10 +1711,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restri
         const __m128i p2 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q2_2, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_1, 0));
         const __m128i p3 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q2_3, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_1, 1));
 
-        const __m256i p_0 = _mm256_set_m128i(_mm_cvtepi16_epi32(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(p0, p0)), _mm_cvtepi16_epi32(p0));
-        const __m256i p_1 = _mm256_set_m128i(_mm_cvtepi16_epi32(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(p1, p1)), _mm_cvtepi16_epi32(p1));
-        const __m256i p_2 = _mm256_set_m128i(_mm_cvtepi16_epi32(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(p2, p2)), _mm_cvtepi16_epi32(p2));
-        const __m256i p_3 = _mm256_set_m128i(_mm_cvtepi16_epi32(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(p3, p3)), _mm_cvtepi16_epi32(p3));
+        const __m256i p_0 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_cvtepi16_epi32(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(p0, p0)), _mm_cvtepi16_epi32(p0));
+        const __m256i p_1 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_cvtepi16_epi32(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(p1, p1)), _mm_cvtepi16_epi32(p1));
+        const __m256i p_2 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_cvtepi16_epi32(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(p2, p2)), _mm_cvtepi16_epi32(p2));
+        const __m256i p_3 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_cvtepi16_epi32(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(p3, p3)), _mm_cvtepi16_epi32(p3));
 
         acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d * db[0]), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(p_0)), acc);
         acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d * db[1]), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(p_1)), acc);
@@ -1917,7 +1919,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restri
         const __m256i all_scales = _mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(scales128);
         const __m128i l_scales = _mm256_extracti128_si256(all_scales, 0);
         const __m128i h_scales = _mm256_extracti128_si256(all_scales, 1);
-        const __m256i scales[2] = {_mm256_set_m128i(l_scales, l_scales), _mm256_set_m128i(h_scales, h_scales)};
+        const __m256i scales[2] = {MM256_SET_M128I(l_scales, l_scales), MM256_SET_M128I(h_scales, h_scales)};
 
         // high bit
         const __m256i hbits = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)x[i].hmask);
@@ -2128,7 +2130,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restri
         }
 
         // multiply with block scale and accumulate
-        __m256i sumi = _mm256_set_m128i(sumi_1, sumi_0);
+        __m256i sumi = MM256_SET_M128I(sumi_1, sumi_0);
         acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_broadcast_ss(&d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(sumi)), acc);
 
     }
@@ -2303,13 +2305,13 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restri
         aux16[0] = a & 0x0f0f;
         aux16[1] = (a >> 4) & 0x0f0f;
 
-        const __m256i scale_0 = _mm256_set_m128i(_mm_set1_epi16(aux8[2] - 8), _mm_set1_epi16(aux8[0] - 8));
-        const __m256i scale_1 = _mm256_set_m128i(_mm_set1_epi16(aux8[3] - 8), _mm_set1_epi16(aux8[1] - 8));
+        const __m256i scale_0 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_set1_epi16(aux8[2] - 8), _mm_set1_epi16(aux8[0] - 8));
+        const __m256i scale_1 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_set1_epi16(aux8[3] - 8), _mm_set1_epi16(aux8[1] - 8));
 
         memcpy(&aux64, x[i].hmask, 8);
 
         const __m128i haux = _mm_set_epi64x(aux64 >> 1, aux64 >> 0);
-        __m256i q3h_0 = _mm256_set_m128i(_mm_srli_epi16(haux, 2), haux);
+        __m256i q3h_0 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_srli_epi16(haux, 2), haux);
         __m256i q3h_1 = _mm256_srli_epi16(q3h_0, 4);
         q3h_0 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_andnot_si256(q3h_0, m1), 2);
         q3h_1 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_andnot_si256(q3h_1, m1), 2);
@@ -2318,7 +2320,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restri
         const __m128i q3bits = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q3);
 
         // prepare low and high bits
-        const __m256i q3aux  = _mm256_set_m128i(_mm_srli_epi16(q3bits, 2), q3bits);
+        const __m256i q3aux  = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_srli_epi16(q3bits, 2), q3bits);
         const __m256i q3l_0 = _mm256_and_si256(q3aux, m3);
         const __m256i q3l_1 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q3aux, 4), m3);
 
@@ -2429,7 +2431,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restri
 
         p16_0 = _mm_add_epi32(p16_0, p16_2);
         p16_1 = _mm_add_epi32(p16_1, p16_3);
-        __m256i p16 = _mm256_set_m128i(p16_1, p16_0);
+        __m256i p16 = MM256_SET_M128I(p16_1, p16_0);
 
         // multiply with block scale and accumulate
         acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_broadcast_ss(&d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(p16)), acc);
@@ -2620,7 +2622,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restri
         acc_m = _mm_fmadd_ps(_mm_set1_ps(dmin), _mm_cvtepi32_ps(prod), acc_m);
 
         const __m128i sc128  = _mm256_extracti128_si256(mins_and_scales, 0);
-        const __m256i scales = _mm256_set_m128i(sc128, sc128);
+        const __m256i scales = MM256_SET_M128I(sc128, sc128);
 
         __m256i sumi = _mm256_setzero_si256();
 
@@ -2727,7 +2729,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restri
         }
 
         __m256 vd = _mm256_set1_ps(d);
-        __m256i sumi = _mm256_set_m128i(sumi_1, sumi_0);
+        __m256i sumi = MM256_SET_M128I(sumi_1, sumi_0);
         acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(vd, _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(sumi)), acc);
 
     }
@@ -2968,11 +2970,11 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restri
 
         const __m128i p32_0 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_set1_epi16(scales[0]), p16_0);
         const __m128i p32_1 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_set1_epi16(scales[0]), p16_1);
-        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(vd, _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(_mm256_set_m128i(p32_1, p32_0))), acc);
+        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(vd, _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(MM256_SET_M128I(p32_1, p32_0))), acc);
 
         const __m128i p32_2 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_set1_epi16(scales[1]), p16_2);
         const __m128i p32_3 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_set1_epi16(scales[1]), p16_3);
-        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(vd, _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(_mm256_set_m128i(p32_3, p32_2))), acc);
+        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(vd, _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(MM256_SET_M128I(p32_3, p32_2))), acc);
 
     }
 
@@ -3160,7 +3162,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restri
         summs += dmin * _mm_extract_epi32(hsum, 0);
 
         const __m128i sc128  = _mm256_extracti128_si256(mins_and_scales, 0);
-        const __m256i scales = _mm256_set_m128i(sc128, sc128);
+        const __m256i scales = MM256_SET_M128I(sc128, sc128);
 
         const __m256i hbits = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)x[i].qh);
         __m256i hmask = mone;
@@ -3299,7 +3301,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restri
         }
 
         __m256 vd = _mm256_set1_ps(d);
-        __m256i sumi = _mm256_set_m128i(sumi_1, sumi_0);
+        __m256i sumi = MM256_SET_M128I(sumi_1, sumi_0);
         acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(vd, _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(sumi)), acc);
 
     }
@@ -3462,13 +3464,13 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restri
 
         const __m256i q5bits = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q5);
 
-        const __m256i scale_l = _mm256_set_m128i(_mm_set1_epi16(x[i].scales[1]), _mm_set1_epi16(x[i].scales[0]));
-        const __m256i scale_h = _mm256_set_m128i(_mm_set1_epi16(x[i].scales[3]), _mm_set1_epi16(x[i].scales[2]));
+        const __m256i scale_l = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_set1_epi16(x[i].scales[1]), _mm_set1_epi16(x[i].scales[0]));
+        const __m256i scale_h = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_set1_epi16(x[i].scales[3]), _mm_set1_epi16(x[i].scales[2]));
 
         int64_t aux64;
         memcpy(&aux64, x[i].qh, 8);
         const __m128i haux128 = _mm_set_epi64x(aux64 >> 1, aux64);
-        const __m256i haux256 = _mm256_set_m128i(_mm_srli_epi16(haux128, 2), haux128);
+        const __m256i haux256 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_srli_epi16(haux128, 2), haux128);
 
         const __m256i q5h_0 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_andnot_si256(haux256, mone), 4);
         const __m256i q5h_1 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_andnot_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(haux256, 4), mone), 4);
@@ -3543,7 +3545,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restri
         const __m128i dot_0 = _mm_sub_epi32(_mm_add_epi32(p16_0, p16_2), _mm_add_epi32(s16_0, s16_2));
         const __m128i dot_1 = _mm_sub_epi32(_mm_add_epi32(p16_1, p16_3), _mm_add_epi32(s16_1, s16_3));
 
-        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(_mm256_set_m128i(dot_1, dot_0))), acc);
+        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(MM256_SET_M128I(dot_1, dot_0))), acc);
 
     }
 
@@ -3925,7 +3927,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restri
 
         }
 
-        __m256i sumi = _mm256_set_m128i(sumi_1, sumi_0);
+        __m256i sumi = MM256_SET_M128I(sumi_1, sumi_0);
         acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_broadcast_ss(&d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(sumi)), acc);
     }
 
@@ -4083,8 +4085,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restri
         const __m256i q4bits1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q4);
         const __m128i q4bitsH = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)qh);
 
-        const __m256i q4h_0 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_set_m128i(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bitsH, 2), q4bitsH), m2), 4);
-        const __m256i q4h_1 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_set_m128i(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bitsH, 6), _mm_srli_epi16(q4bitsH, 4)), m2), 4);
+        const __m256i q4h_0 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bitsH, 2), q4bitsH), m2), 4);
+        const __m256i q4h_1 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bitsH, 6), _mm_srli_epi16(q4bitsH, 4)), m2), 4);
 
         const __m256i q4_0 = _mm256_or_si256(_mm256_and_si256(q4bits1, m4), q4h_0);
         const __m256i q4_1 = _mm256_or_si256(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q4bits1, 4), m4), q4h_1);
@@ -4177,7 +4179,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restri
         sumi_0 = _mm_add_epi32(sumi_0, _mm_add_epi32(p16_0, p16_2));
         sumi_1 = _mm_add_epi32(sumi_1, _mm_add_epi32(p16_1, p16_3));
 
-        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_broadcast_ss(&d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(_mm256_set_m128i(sumi_1, sumi_0))), acc);
+        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_broadcast_ss(&d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(MM256_SET_M128I(sumi_1, sumi_0))), acc);
     }
 
     *s = hsum_float_8(acc);
diff --git a/llama.cpp b/llama.cpp
index 30d4b0a6e..d427054dd 100644
--- a/llama.cpp
+++ b/llama.cpp
@@ -56,8 +56,14 @@
 #pragma warning(disable: 4244 4267) // possible loss of data
 #endif
 
+#if !defined(GGML_USE_CUBLAS) && !defined(GGML_USE_METAL)
+#include "ggml-alloc.h"
+#define LLAMA_USE_ALLOCATOR
+#else
 #define LLAMA_USE_SCRATCH
 #define LLAMA_MAX_SCRATCH_BUFFERS 16
+#endif
+
 
 // available llama models
 enum e_model {
@@ -327,13 +333,22 @@ struct llama_model {
 
 struct llama_context {
     llama_context(const llama_model & model) : model(model), t_load_us(model.t_load_us), t_start_us(model.t_start_us) {}
-#ifdef GGML_USE_METAL
     ~llama_context() {
+        if (model_owner) {
+            delete &model;
+        }
+#ifdef GGML_USE_METAL
         if (ctx_metal) {
             ggml_metal_free(ctx_metal);
         }
-    }
 #endif
+#ifdef LLAMA_USE_ALLOCATOR
+        if (alloc) {
+            ggml_allocr_free(alloc);
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
     std::mt19937 rng;
 
     bool has_evaluated_once = false;
@@ -371,7 +386,17 @@ struct llama_context {
     // memory buffers used to evaluate the model
     // TODO: move in llama_state
     llama_ctx_buffer buf_compute;
+
+#ifdef LLAMA_USE_ALLOCATOR
+    llama_ctx_buffer buf_alloc;
+    ggml_allocr * alloc = NULL;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef LLAMA_USE_SCRATCH
     llama_ctx_buffer buf_scratch[LLAMA_MAX_SCRATCH_BUFFERS];
+    int    buf_last = 0;
+    size_t buf_max_size[LLAMA_MAX_SCRATCH_BUFFERS] = { 0 };
+#endif
 
 #ifdef GGML_USE_METAL
     ggml_metal_context * ctx_metal = NULL;
@@ -381,9 +406,6 @@ struct llama_context {
     ggml_mpi_context * ctx_mpi = NULL;
 #endif
 
-    int    buf_last = 0;
-    size_t buf_max_size[LLAMA_MAX_SCRATCH_BUFFERS] = { 0 };
-
     void use_buf(struct ggml_context * ctx, int i) {
 #if defined(LLAMA_USE_SCRATCH)
         size_t last_size = 0;
@@ -879,6 +901,7 @@ struct llama_context_params llama_context_default_params() {
         /*.progress_callback           =*/ nullptr,
         /*.progress_callback_user_data =*/ nullptr,
         /*.low_vram                    =*/ false,
+        /*.mul_mat_q                   =*/ false,
         /*.f16_kv                      =*/ true,
         /*.logits_all                  =*/ false,
         /*.vocab_only                  =*/ false,
@@ -1006,6 +1029,7 @@ static void llama_model_load_internal(
         int n_gpu_layers,
         int main_gpu,
         const float * tensor_split,
+        const bool mul_mat_q,
         float rope_freq_base,
         float rope_freq_scale,
         bool low_vram,
@@ -1134,9 +1158,11 @@ static void llama_model_load_internal(
     }
 
     (void) main_gpu;
+    (void) mul_mat_q;
 #if defined(GGML_USE_CUBLAS)
     fprintf(stderr, "%s: using CUDA for GPU acceleration\n", __func__);
     ggml_cuda_set_main_device(main_gpu);
+    ggml_cuda_set_mul_mat_q(mul_mat_q);
 #define LLAMA_BACKEND_OFFLOAD       GGML_BACKEND_GPU
 #define LLAMA_BACKEND_OFFLOAD_SPLIT GGML_BACKEND_GPU_SPLIT
 #elif defined(GGML_USE_CLBLAST)
@@ -1230,12 +1256,16 @@ static void llama_model_load_internal(
         const size_t scale = memory_type == GGML_TYPE_F32 ? 2 : 1;
 
         // this is the total memory required to run the inference
-        const size_t mem_required =
+        size_t mem_required =
             ctx_size +
-            mmapped_size - vram_weights + // weights in VRAM not in memory
+            mmapped_size - vram_weights; // weights in VRAM not in memory
+
+#ifndef LLAMA_USE_ALLOCATOR
+        mem_required +=
             MEM_REQ_SCRATCH0(hparams.n_ctx).at(model.type) +
             MEM_REQ_SCRATCH1().at(model.type) +
             MEM_REQ_EVAL().at(model.type);
+#endif
 
         // this is the memory required by one llama_state
         const size_t mem_required_state =
@@ -1341,6 +1371,7 @@ static bool llama_model_load(
         int n_gpu_layers,
         int main_gpu,
         const float * tensor_split,
+        const bool mul_mat_q,
         float rope_freq_base,
         float rope_freq_scale,
         bool low_vram,
@@ -1351,7 +1382,8 @@ static bool llama_model_load(
         llama_progress_callback progress_callback,
         void *progress_callback_user_data) {
     try {
-        llama_model_load_internal(fname, model, vocab, n_ctx, n_batch, n_gqa, rms_norm_eps, n_gpu_layers, main_gpu, tensor_split, rope_freq_base, rope_freq_scale, low_vram, memory_type,
+        llama_model_load_internal(fname, model, vocab, n_ctx, n_batch, n_gqa, rms_norm_eps, n_gpu_layers,
+                                  main_gpu, tensor_split, mul_mat_q, rope_freq_base, rope_freq_scale, low_vram, memory_type,
                                   use_mmap, use_mlock, vocab_only, progress_callback, progress_callback_user_data);
         return true;
     } catch (const std::exception & err) {
@@ -1360,32 +1392,15 @@ static bool llama_model_load(
     }
 }
 
-// evaluate the transformer
-//
-//   - lctx:      llama context
-//   - tokens:    new batch of tokens to process
-//   - embd       embeddings input
-//   - n_tokens   number of tokens
-//   - n_past:    the context size so far
-//   - n_threads: number of threads to use
-//
-static bool llama_eval_internal(
+static struct ggml_cgraph * llama_build_graph(
          llama_context & lctx,
      const llama_token * tokens,
            const float * embd,
                    int   n_tokens,
-                   int   n_past,
-                   int   n_threads,
-            const char * cgraph_fname) {
+                   int   n_past) {
 
     LLAMA_ASSERT((!tokens && embd) || (tokens && !embd));
 
-#ifdef GGML_USE_MPI
-    ggml_mpi_eval_init(lctx.ctx_mpi, &n_tokens, &n_past, &n_threads);
-#endif
-
-    const int64_t t_start_us = ggml_time_us();
-
     const int N = n_tokens;
 
     const auto & model   = lctx.model;
@@ -1401,10 +1416,8 @@ static bool llama_eval_internal(
     const int64_t n_head      = hparams.n_head;
     const int64_t n_head_kv   = hparams.n_head_kv;
     const int64_t n_embd_head = hparams.n_embd_head();
-    const int64_t n_vocab     = hparams.n_vocab;
     const int64_t n_embd_gqa  = hparams.n_embd_gqa();
 
-
     LLAMA_ASSERT(n_embd_head == hparams.n_rot);
 
     const float freq_base  = hparams.rope_freq_base;
@@ -1416,26 +1429,35 @@ static bool llama_eval_internal(
     auto & mem_per_token = lctx.mem_per_token;
     auto & buf_compute   = lctx.buf_compute;
 
+
     struct ggml_init_params params = {
         /*.mem_size   =*/ buf_compute.size,
         /*.mem_buffer =*/ buf_compute.addr,
         /*.no_alloc   =*/ false,
     };
 
+#ifdef LLAMA_USE_ALLOCATOR
+    params.no_alloc = true;
+#endif
+
     struct ggml_context * ctx0 = ggml_init(params);
 
-    ggml_cgraph gf = {};
-
-    // for big prompts, if BLAS is enabled, it is better to use only one thread
-    // otherwise, the threads are spin-lock waiting for the BLAS calls and are degrading the performance
-    n_threads = N >= 32 && ggml_cpu_has_blas() && !ggml_cpu_has_gpublas() ? 1 : n_threads;
+    ggml_cgraph * gf = ggml_new_graph(ctx0);
 
     struct ggml_tensor * cur;
     struct ggml_tensor * inpL;
 
     if (tokens) {
         struct ggml_tensor * inp_tokens = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, N);
+
+#ifdef LLAMA_USE_ALLOCATOR
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(lctx.alloc, inp_tokens);
+        if (!ggml_allocr_is_measure(lctx.alloc)) {
+            memcpy(inp_tokens->data, tokens, N*ggml_element_size(inp_tokens));
+        }
+#else
         memcpy(inp_tokens->data, tokens, N*ggml_element_size(inp_tokens));
+#endif
         ggml_set_name(inp_tokens, "inp_tokens");
 
         inpL = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, model.tok_embeddings, inp_tokens);
@@ -1445,7 +1467,15 @@ static bool llama_eval_internal(
 #endif
 
         inpL = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd, N);
+
+#ifdef LLAMA_USE_ALLOCATOR
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(lctx.alloc, inpL);
+        if (!ggml_allocr_is_measure(lctx.alloc)) {
+            memcpy(inpL->data, embd, N * n_embd * ggml_element_size(inpL));
+        }
+#else
         memcpy(inpL->data, embd, N * n_embd * ggml_element_size(inpL));
+#endif
     }
 
     const int i_gpu_start = n_layer - n_gpu_layers;
@@ -1472,6 +1502,17 @@ static bool llama_eval_internal(
     }
 #endif // GGML_USE_CUBLAS
 
+    struct ggml_tensor * KQ_scale = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, 1);
+#ifdef LLAMA_USE_ALLOCATOR
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(lctx.alloc, KQ_scale);
+    if (!ggml_allocr_is_measure(lctx.alloc)) {
+        ggml_set_f32(KQ_scale, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd)/n_head));
+    }
+#else
+    ggml_set_f32(KQ_scale, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd)/n_head));
+#endif
+    ggml_set_name(KQ_scale, "1/sqrt(n_embd_head)");
+
     for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
         ggml_format_name(inpL, "layer_inp_%d", il);
 
@@ -1541,8 +1582,8 @@ static bool llama_eval_internal(
                 ggml_set_name(v, "v");
 
                 // important: storing RoPE-ed version of K in the KV cache!
-                ggml_build_forward_expand(&gf, ggml_cpy(ctx0, Kcur, k));
-                ggml_build_forward_expand(&gf, ggml_cpy(ctx0, Vcur, v));
+                ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, ggml_cpy(ctx0, Kcur, k));
+                ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, ggml_cpy(ctx0, Vcur, v));
             }
 
             struct ggml_tensor * Q =
@@ -1567,9 +1608,6 @@ static bool llama_eval_internal(
             ggml_set_name(KQ, "KQ");
 
             // KQ_scaled = KQ / sqrt(n_embd_head)
-            struct ggml_tensor * KQ_scale = ggml_new_f32(ctx0, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd)/n_head));
-            ggml_set_name(KQ_scale, "1/sqrt(n_embd_head)");
-
             // KQ_scaled shape [n_past + N, N, n_head, 1]
             struct ggml_tensor * KQ_scaled = ggml_scale_inplace(ctx0, KQ, KQ_scale);
             offload_func_kq(KQ_scaled);
@@ -1685,9 +1723,6 @@ static bool llama_eval_internal(
 
     lctx.use_buf(ctx0, 0);
 
-    // used at the end to optionally extract the embeddings
-    struct ggml_tensor * embeddings = NULL;
-
     // norm
     {
         cur = ggml_rms_norm(ctx0, inpL, rms_norm_eps);
@@ -1698,8 +1733,6 @@ static bool llama_eval_internal(
         cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, model.norm);
         // offload_func_nr(cur); // TODO CPU + GPU mirrored backend
         ggml_set_name(cur, "result_norm");
-
-        embeddings = cur;
     }
 
     // lm_head
@@ -1711,23 +1744,103 @@ static bool llama_eval_internal(
     // logits -> probs
     //cur = ggml_soft_max_inplace(ctx0, cur);
 
-    // run the computation
-    ggml_build_forward_expand(&gf, cur);
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
 
-    // fprintf(stderr, "graph build time: %.3f ms (%d nodes, %d leafs)\n", (ggml_time_us() - t_start_us)/1000.0, gf.n_nodes, gf.n_leafs);
+    if (mem_per_token == 0) {
+        mem_per_token = ggml_used_mem(ctx0)/N;
+    }
+
+#if 0
+    printf("\n%s: used_mem: eval ctx %.3f MB, scratch %.3f MB %.3f MB, work buf %.3f MB, n_past = %d, N = %d\n", __func__,
+            ggml_used_mem(ctx0)/1024.0/1024.0,
+            lctx.get_buf_max_mem(0)/1024.0/1024.0,
+            lctx.get_buf_max_mem(1)/1024.0/1024.0,
+            lctx.work_buffer.size()/1024.0/1024.0,
+            n_past, N);
+#endif
+
+    ggml_free(ctx0);
+
+    return gf;
+}
+
+// evaluate the transformer
+//
+//   - lctx:      llama context
+//   - tokens:    new batch of tokens to process
+//   - embd       embeddings input
+//   - n_tokens   number of tokens
+//   - n_past:    the context size so far
+//   - n_threads: number of threads to use
+//
+static bool llama_eval_internal(
+         llama_context & lctx,
+     const llama_token * tokens,
+           const float * embd,
+                   int   n_tokens,
+                   int   n_past,
+                   int   n_threads,
+            const char * cgraph_fname) {
+
+    LLAMA_ASSERT((!tokens && embd) || (tokens && !embd));
+
+    const int64_t t_start_us = ggml_time_us();
+
+#ifdef GGML_USE_MPI
+    ggml_mpi_eval_init(lctx.ctx_mpi, &n_tokens, &n_past, &n_threads);
+#endif
+
+    const int N = n_tokens;
+
+    const auto & model   = lctx.model;
+    const auto & hparams = model.hparams;
+
+    const auto & kv_self = lctx.kv_self;
+
+    LLAMA_ASSERT(!!kv_self.ctx);
+
+    const int64_t n_embd      = hparams.n_embd;
+    const int64_t n_vocab     = hparams.n_vocab;
+
+#ifdef LLAMA_USE_ALLOCATOR
+    ggml_allocr_reset(lctx.alloc);
+#endif
+
+    ggml_cgraph * gf = llama_build_graph(lctx, tokens, embd, n_tokens, n_past);
+
+#ifdef LLAMA_USE_ALLOCATOR
+    ggml_allocr_alloc_graph(lctx.alloc, gf);
+#endif
+
+    // fprintf(stderr, "graph build time: %.3f ms (%d nodes, %d leafs)\n", (ggml_time_us() - t_start_us)/1000.0, gf->n_nodes, gf->n_leafs);
+
+    // for big prompts, if BLAS is enabled, it is better to use only one thread
+    // otherwise, the threads are spin-lock waiting for the BLAS calls and are degrading the performance
+    n_threads = N >= 32 && ggml_cpu_has_blas() && !ggml_cpu_has_gpublas() ? 1 : n_threads;
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * res = gf->nodes[gf->n_nodes - 1];
+    struct ggml_tensor * embeddings = gf->nodes[gf->n_nodes - 2];
+
+    LLAMA_ASSERT(strcmp(res->name, "result_output") == 0);
+    LLAMA_ASSERT(strcmp(embeddings->name, "result_norm") == 0);
 
 #if GGML_USE_MPI
-    ggml_mpi_graph_compute_pre(lctx.ctx_mpi, &gf, n_layer);
+    const int64_t n_layer = hparams.n_layer;
+    ggml_mpi_graph_compute_pre(lctx.ctx_mpi, gf, n_layer);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef GGML_USE_METAL
     if (lctx.ctx_metal && N == 1) {
-        if (!ggml_metal_if_optimized(lctx.ctx_metal)) {
-            ggml_metal_graph_find_concurrency(lctx.ctx_metal,&gf);
-        }
+        // TODO: disabled until #2413 is resolved
+        //if (!ggml_metal_if_optimized(lctx.ctx_metal)) {
+        //    ggml_metal_graph_find_concurrency(lctx.ctx_metal, gf);
+        //}
         ggml_metal_set_n_cb     (lctx.ctx_metal, n_threads);
-        ggml_metal_graph_compute(lctx.ctx_metal, &gf);
-        ggml_metal_get_tensor   (lctx.ctx_metal, cur);
+        ggml_metal_graph_compute(lctx.ctx_metal, gf);
+        ggml_metal_get_tensor   (lctx.ctx_metal, res);
+        if (!lctx.embedding.empty()) {
+            ggml_metal_get_tensor(lctx.ctx_metal, embeddings);
+        }
     } else {
         // IMPORTANT:
         // Since we don't have efficient Matrix x Matrix Metal multiplication yet, we fallback to vanilla
@@ -1745,34 +1858,32 @@ static bool llama_eval_internal(
             ggml_metal_get_tensor(lctx.ctx_metal, kv_self.v);
         }
 
-        ggml_graph_compute_helper(lctx.work_buffer, &gf, n_threads);
+        ggml_graph_compute_helper(lctx.work_buffer, gf, n_threads);
     }
 #else
-    ggml_graph_compute_helper(lctx.work_buffer, &gf, n_threads);
+    ggml_graph_compute_helper(lctx.work_buffer, gf, n_threads);
 #endif
 
 #if GGML_USE_MPI
-    ggml_mpi_graph_compute_post(lctx.ctx_mpi, &gf, n_layer);
+    ggml_mpi_graph_compute_post(lctx.ctx_mpi, gf, n_layer);
 #endif
 
     // update kv token count
     lctx.kv_self.n = n_past + N;
 
-    struct ggml_tensor * res = gf.nodes[gf.n_nodes - 1];
-
     if (cgraph_fname) {
-        ggml_graph_export(&gf, cgraph_fname);
+        ggml_graph_export(gf, cgraph_fname);
     }
 
 #ifdef GGML_PERF
     // print timing information per ggml operation (for debugging purposes)
     // requires GGML_PERF to be defined
-    ggml_graph_print(&gf);
+    ggml_graph_print(gf);
 #endif
 
     // plot the computation graph in dot format (for debugging purposes)
     //if (n_past%100 == 0) {
-    //    ggml_graph_dump_dot(&gf, NULL, "llama.dot");
+    //    ggml_graph_dump_dot(gf, NULL, "llama.dot");
     //}
 
     // extract logits
@@ -1797,21 +1908,6 @@ static bool llama_eval_internal(
         memcpy(embedding_out.data(), (float *) ggml_get_data(embeddings) + (n_embd*(N - 1)), sizeof(float)*n_embd);
     }
 
-    if (mem_per_token == 0) {
-        mem_per_token = ggml_used_mem(ctx0)/N;
-    }
-
-#if 0
-    printf("\n%s: used_mem: eval ctx %.3f MB, scratch %.3f MB %.3f MB, work buf %.3f MB, n_past = %d, N = %d\n", __func__,
-            ggml_used_mem(ctx0)/1024.0/1024.0,
-            lctx.get_buf_max_mem(0)/1024.0/1024.0,
-            lctx.get_buf_max_mem(1)/1024.0/1024.0,
-            lctx.work_buffer.size()/1024.0/1024.0,
-            n_past, N);
-#endif
-
-    ggml_free(ctx0);
-
     // measure the performance only for the single-token evals
     if (N == 1) {
         lctx.t_eval_us += ggml_time_us() - t_start_us;
@@ -1923,7 +2019,9 @@ struct llama_tokenizer {
             if (token == vocab_.token_to_id.end()) {
                 // output any symbols that did not form tokens as bytes.
                 for (int j = 0; j < (int) symbol.n; ++j) {
-                    llama_vocab::id token_id = static_cast<uint8_t>(symbol.text[j]) + 3;
+                    // NOTE: old version, before #2420 - not sure what are the implications of this
+                    //llama_vocab::id token_id = static_cast<uint8_t>(symbol.text[j]) + 3;
+                    llama_vocab::id token_id = vocab_.token_to_id.at(std::string(1, symbol.text[j]));
                     output.push_back(token_id);
                 }
             } else {
@@ -3100,7 +3198,7 @@ struct llama_model * llama_load_model_from_file(
     ggml_type memory_type = params.f16_kv ? GGML_TYPE_F16 : GGML_TYPE_F32;
 
     if (!llama_model_load(path_model, *model, model->vocab, params.n_ctx, params.n_batch, params.n_gqa, params.rms_norm_eps, params.n_gpu_layers,
-                params.main_gpu, params.tensor_split, params.rope_freq_base, params.rope_freq_scale,params.low_vram,
+                params.main_gpu, params.tensor_split, params.mul_mat_q, params.rope_freq_base, params.rope_freq_scale,params.low_vram,
                 memory_type, params.use_mmap, params.use_mlock, params.vocab_only, params.progress_callback,
                 params.progress_callback_user_data)) {
         delete model;
@@ -3177,10 +3275,47 @@ struct llama_context * llama_new_context_with_model(
             ctx->embedding.resize(hparams.n_embd);
         }
 
-        ctx->buf_compute.resize(MEM_REQ_EVAL().at(ctx->model.type));
+#ifdef LLAMA_USE_ALLOCATOR
+        {
+            static const size_t tensor_alignment = 32;
+            // the compute buffer is used to store the tensor and graph structs, while the allocator buffer is used for the tensor data
+            ctx->buf_compute.resize(ggml_tensor_overhead()*GGML_MAX_NODES + ggml_graph_overhead());
 
+            // create measure allocator
+            ctx->alloc = ggml_allocr_new_measure(tensor_alignment);
+
+            // build worst-case graph
+            int n_tokens = std::min((int)hparams.n_ctx, params.n_batch);
+            int n_past = hparams.n_ctx - n_tokens;
+            llama_token token = llama_token_bos(); // not actually used by llama_build_graph, but required to choose between token and embedding inputs graph
+            ggml_cgraph * gf = llama_build_graph(*ctx, &token, NULL, n_tokens, n_past);
+
+            // measure memory requirements for the graph
+            size_t alloc_size = ggml_allocr_alloc_graph(ctx->alloc, gf) + tensor_alignment;
+
+            fprintf(stderr, "%s: compute buffer total size = %7.2f MB\n", __func__, (ctx->buf_compute.size + alloc_size) / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
+
+            // debug - for comparison with scratch buffer
+            //size_t prev_req =
+            //    MEM_REQ_SCRATCH0(hparams.n_ctx).at(ctx->model.type) +
+            //    MEM_REQ_SCRATCH1().at(ctx->model.type) +
+            //    MEM_REQ_EVAL().at(ctx->model.type);
+            //fprintf(stderr, "%s: (debug) equivalent with scratch buffer = %7.2f MB\n", __func__, prev_req / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
+
+            // recreate allocator with exact memory requirements
+            ggml_allocr_free(ctx->alloc);
+
+            ctx->buf_alloc.resize(alloc_size);
+            ctx->alloc = ggml_allocr_new(ctx->buf_alloc.addr, ctx->buf_alloc.size, tensor_alignment);
+        }
+#else
+        ctx->buf_compute.resize(MEM_REQ_EVAL().at(ctx->model.type) + ggml_graph_overhead());
+#endif
+
+#ifdef LLAMA_USE_SCRATCH
         ctx->buf_scratch[0].resize(MEM_REQ_SCRATCH0(hparams.n_ctx).at(ctx->model.type));
         ctx->buf_scratch[1].resize(MEM_REQ_SCRATCH1().at(ctx->model.type));
+#endif
     }
 
 #ifdef GGML_USE_METAL
@@ -3250,9 +3385,6 @@ struct llama_context * llama_init_from_file(
 }
 
 void llama_free(struct llama_context * ctx) {
-    if (ctx->model_owner) {
-        delete &ctx->model;
-    }
     delete ctx;
 }
 
@@ -3662,7 +3794,7 @@ size_t llama_copy_state_data(struct llama_context * ctx, uint8_t * dst) {
         const auto & kv_self = ctx->kv_self;
         const auto & hparams = ctx->model.hparams;
         const int    n_layer = hparams.n_layer;
-        const int    n_embd  = hparams.n_embd;
+        const int    n_embd  = hparams.n_embd_gqa();
         const int    n_ctx   = hparams.n_ctx;
 
         const size_t kv_size = kv_self.buf.size;
@@ -3765,7 +3897,7 @@ size_t llama_set_state_data(struct llama_context * ctx, uint8_t * src) {
         const auto & kv_self = ctx->kv_self;
         const auto & hparams = ctx->model.hparams;
         const int    n_layer = hparams.n_layer;
-        const int    n_embd  = hparams.n_embd;
+        const int    n_embd  = hparams.n_embd_gqa();
         const int    n_ctx   = hparams.n_ctx;
 
         size_t kv_size;
diff --git a/llama.h b/llama.h
index df46f9b9c..fa1977f2d 100644
--- a/llama.h
+++ b/llama.h
@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ extern "C" {
 
         // Keep the booleans together to avoid misalignment during copy-by-value.
         bool low_vram;   // if true, reduce VRAM usage at the cost of performance
+        bool mul_mat_q;  // if true, use experimental mul_mat_q kernels
         bool f16_kv;     // use fp16 for KV cache
         bool logits_all; // the llama_eval() call computes all logits, not just the last one
         bool vocab_only; // only load the vocabulary, no weights