From 8a5be3bd5885d79ad84aadf32bb8c1a67bd43c19 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jared Van Bortel <jared@nomic.ai>
Date: Fri, 15 Dec 2023 22:16:15 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 01/20] llama : sanity checks for access to logits (#4274)

Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
---
 llama.cpp | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+)

diff --git a/llama.cpp b/llama.cpp
index eddb70859..58fe7492e 100644
--- a/llama.cpp
+++ b/llama.cpp
@@ -1505,6 +1505,10 @@ struct llama_context {
 
     // decode output (2-dimensional array: [n_tokens][n_vocab])
     std::vector<float> logits;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    // guard against access to unset logits
+    std::vector<bool>  logits_valid;
+#endif
     bool logits_all = false;
 
     // input embedding (1-dimensional array: [n_embd])
@@ -6150,6 +6154,14 @@ static int llama_decode_internal(
     {
         auto & logits_out = lctx.logits;
 
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+        auto & logits_valid = lctx.logits_valid;
+        logits_valid.clear();
+        logits_valid.resize(n_tokens);
+
+        logits_out.clear();
+#endif
+
         if (batch.logits) {
             logits_out.resize(n_vocab * n_tokens);
             for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_tokens; i++) {
@@ -6157,13 +6169,22 @@ static int llama_decode_internal(
                     continue;
                 }
                 memcpy(logits_out.data() + (n_vocab*i), (float *) ggml_get_data(res) + (n_vocab*i), sizeof(float)*n_vocab);
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+                logits_valid[i] = true;
+#endif
             }
         } else if (lctx.logits_all) {
             logits_out.resize(n_vocab * n_tokens);
             memcpy(logits_out.data(), (float *) ggml_get_data(res), sizeof(float)*n_vocab*n_tokens);
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+            std::fill(logits_valid.begin(), logits_valid.end(), true);
+#endif
         } else {
             logits_out.resize(n_vocab);
             memcpy(logits_out.data(), (float *) ggml_get_data(res) + (n_vocab*(n_tokens - 1)), sizeof(float)*n_vocab);
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+            logits_valid[n_tokens - 1] = true;
+#endif
         }
     }
 
@@ -10052,6 +10073,7 @@ float * llama_get_logits(struct llama_context * ctx) {
 }
 
 float * llama_get_logits_ith(struct llama_context * ctx, int32_t i) {
+    assert(ctx->logits_valid.at(i));
     return ctx->logits.data() + i*ctx->model.hparams.n_vocab;
 }
 

From c6c4fc081c1df1c60a9bfe3e6a3fd086f1a29ec7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: slaren <slarengh@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 16 Dec 2023 18:58:46 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 02/20] lora : add support for non-llama models (#3333)

* lora : add support for non-llama models

ggml-ci

* avoid leaking ggml_context on failure
cleanup

ggml-ci

* lora : allow 1d tensors

* lora : include embd and output layers in size calculation

* fix style
---
 convert-lora-to-ggml.py |  86 +++++++++++++-------------
 llama.cpp               | 133 ++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 llama.h                 |   1 +
 3 files changed, 114 insertions(+), 106 deletions(-)

diff --git a/convert-lora-to-ggml.py b/convert-lora-to-ggml.py
index a937410dd..53bb8a3d9 100755
--- a/convert-lora-to-ggml.py
+++ b/convert-lora-to-ggml.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import json
 import os
-import re
 import struct
 import sys
 from typing import Any, BinaryIO, Sequence
@@ -11,43 +10,15 @@ from typing import Any, BinaryIO, Sequence
 import numpy as np
 import torch
 
+from pathlib import Path
+if 'NO_LOCAL_GGUF' not in os.environ:
+    sys.path.insert(1, str(Path(__file__).parent / 'gguf-py' / 'gguf'))
+import gguf
+
+
 NUMPY_TYPE_TO_FTYPE: dict[str, int] = {"float32": 0, "float16": 1}
 
 
-HF_SUBLAYER_TO_GGML = {
-    "self_attn.q_proj": "attn_q",
-    "self_attn.k_proj": "attn_k",
-    "self_attn.v_proj": "attn_v",
-    "self_attn.o_proj": "attn_output",
-    "mlp.gate_proj": "ffn_gate",
-    "mlp.down_proj": "ffn_down",
-    "mlp.up_proj": "ffn_up",
-    "input_layernorm": "attn_norm",
-    "post_attention_layernorm": "ffn_norm",
-}
-
-
-def translate_tensor_name(t: str) -> str:
-    match = re.match(r".*layers\.(\d+)\.(\w+\.\w+)\.lora_(A|B)\.weight", t)
-    if match:
-        nn = match.group(1)
-        sub_layer = match.group(2)
-        lora_type = match.group(3)
-
-        sub_layer_renamed = HF_SUBLAYER_TO_GGML.get(sub_layer)
-        if sub_layer_renamed is None:
-            print(f"Error: unrecognized sub-layer {sub_layer} in tensor {t}")
-            sys.exit(1)
-
-        output_string = (
-            f"blk.{nn}.{HF_SUBLAYER_TO_GGML[sub_layer]}.weight.lora{lora_type}"
-        )
-        return output_string
-    else:
-        print(f"Error: unrecognized tensor {t}")
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-
 def write_file_header(fout: BinaryIO, params: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     fout.write(b"ggla"[::-1])  # magic (ggml lora)
     fout.write(struct.pack("i", 1))  # file version
@@ -61,9 +32,7 @@ def write_file_header(fout: BinaryIO, params: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     fout.write(struct.pack("i", int(params["lora_alpha"])))
 
 
-def write_tensor_header(
-    self, name: str, shape: Sequence[int], data_type: np.dtype[Any]
-) -> None:
+def write_tensor_header(fout: BinaryIO, name: str, shape: Sequence[int], data_type: np.dtype[Any]) -> None:
     sname = name.encode("utf-8")
     fout.write(
         struct.pack(
@@ -78,11 +47,12 @@ def write_tensor_header(
     fout.seek((fout.tell() + 31) & -32)
 
 
-if len(sys.argv) != 2:
-    print(f"Usage: python {sys.argv[0]} <path>")
+if len(sys.argv) < 2:
+    print(f"Usage: python {sys.argv[0]} <path> [arch]")
     print(
         "Path must contain HuggingFace PEFT LoRA files 'adapter_config.json' and 'adapter_model.bin'"
     )
+    print(f"Arch must be one of {list(gguf.MODEL_ARCH_NAMES.values())} (default: llama)")
     sys.exit(1)
 
 input_json = os.path.join(sys.argv[1], "adapter_config.json")
@@ -90,6 +60,14 @@ input_model = os.path.join(sys.argv[1], "adapter_model.bin")
 output_path = os.path.join(sys.argv[1], "ggml-adapter-model.bin")
 
 model = torch.load(input_model, map_location="cpu")
+arch_name = sys.argv[2] if len(sys.argv) == 3 else "llama"
+
+if arch_name not in gguf.MODEL_ARCH_NAMES.values():
+    print(f"Error: unsupported architecture {arch_name}")
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+arch = list(gguf.MODEL_ARCH_NAMES.keys())[list(gguf.MODEL_ARCH_NAMES.values()).index(arch_name)]
+name_map = gguf.TensorNameMap(arch, 200) # 200 layers ought to be enough for anyone
 
 with open(input_json, "r") as f:
     params = json.load(f)
@@ -117,6 +95,7 @@ with open(output_path, "wb") as fout:
 
     write_file_header(fout, params)
     for k, v in model.items():
+        orig_k = k
         if k.endswith(".default.weight"):
             k = k.replace(".default.weight", ".weight")
         if k in ["llama_proj.weight", "llama_proj.bias"]:
@@ -129,7 +108,32 @@ with open(output_path, "wb") as fout:
             v = v.float()
 
         t = v.detach().numpy()
-        tname = translate_tensor_name(k)
+
+        prefix = "base_model.model."
+        if k.startswith(prefix):
+            k = k[len(prefix) :]
+
+        lora_suffixes = (".lora_A.weight", ".lora_B.weight")
+        if k.endswith(lora_suffixes):
+            suffix = k[-len(lora_suffixes[0]):]
+            k = k[: -len(lora_suffixes[0])]
+        else:
+            print(f"Error: unrecognized tensor name {orig_k}")
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        tname = name_map.get_name(k)
+        if tname is None:
+            print(f"Error: could not map tensor name {orig_k}")
+            print(" Note: the arch parameter must be specified if the model is not llama")
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        if suffix == ".lora_A.weight":
+            tname += ".weight.loraA"
+        elif suffix == ".lora_B.weight":
+            tname += ".weight.loraB"
+        else:
+            assert False
+
         print(f"{k} => {tname} {t.shape} {t.dtype} {t.nbytes/1024/1024:.2f}MB")
         write_tensor_header(fout, tname, t.shape, t.dtype)
         t.tofile(fout)
diff --git a/llama.cpp b/llama.cpp
index 58fe7492e..f49214c13 100644
--- a/llama.cpp
+++ b/llama.cpp
@@ -8647,53 +8647,60 @@ static int llama_apply_lora_from_file_internal(
 
     const int64_t t_start_lora_us = ggml_time_us();
 
-    auto fin = std::ifstream(path_lora, std::ios::binary);
-    if (!fin) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to open '%s'\n", __func__, path_lora);
-        return 1;
-    }
+    llama_file fin(path_lora, "rb");
 
     // verify magic and version
     {
-        uint32_t magic;
-        fin.read((char *) &magic, sizeof(magic));
-        uint32_t format_version;
-        fin.read((char *) &format_version, sizeof(format_version));
+        uint32_t magic = fin.read_u32();
+        if (magic != LLAMA_FILE_MAGIC_GGLA) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: bad file magic\n", __func__);
+            return 1;
+        }
 
+        uint32_t format_version = fin.read_u32();
         if (format_version != 1) {
             LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: unsupported file version\n", __func__ );
             return 1;
         }
     }
 
-    int32_t lora_r;
-    int32_t lora_alpha;
-    fin.read((char *) &lora_r, sizeof(lora_r));
-    fin.read((char *) &lora_alpha, sizeof(lora_alpha));
+    int32_t lora_r = fin.read_u32();
+    int32_t lora_alpha = fin.read_u32();
     float scaling = scale * (float)lora_alpha / (float)lora_r;
 
     LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: r = %d, alpha = %d, scaling = %.2f\n", __func__, lora_r, lora_alpha, scaling);
 
+    // create a name -> tensor map of the model to accelerate lookups
+    // find the max tensor size to estimate the required temporary buffer size
+    size_t max_tensor_size = 0;
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, struct ggml_tensor*> model_tensors;
+    for (const auto & kv : model.tensors_by_name) {
+        model_tensors.insert(kv);
+        size_t f32_size = ggml_nelements(kv.second) * sizeof(float);
+        max_tensor_size = std::max(max_tensor_size, f32_size);
+    }
+
     // create a temporary ggml context to store the lora tensors
-    // todo: calculate size from biggest possible tensor
-    std::vector<uint8_t> lora_buf(1024ull * 1024ull * 1024ull);
+    // TODO: use ggml-alloc
+    size_t lora_ctx_size = max_tensor_size * 3;
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: allocating %.f MB for lora temporary buffer\n", __func__, lora_ctx_size / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
+    std::vector<uint8_t> lora_buf(lora_ctx_size);
+
     struct ggml_init_params params;
     params.mem_size   = lora_buf.size();
     params.mem_buffer = lora_buf.data();
     params.no_alloc   = false;
 
-    ggml_context * lora_ctx = ggml_init(params);
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, struct ggml_tensor *> lora_tensors;
+    using unique_context = std::unique_ptr<ggml_context, decltype(&ggml_free)>;
 
-    // create a name -> tensor map of the model to accelerate lookups
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, struct ggml_tensor*> model_tensors;
-    for (const auto & kv : model.tensors_by_name) {
-        model_tensors.insert(kv);
-    }
+    unique_context lora_ctx(nullptr, ggml_free);
+    lora_ctx.reset(ggml_init(params));
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, struct ggml_tensor *> lora_tensors;
 
     // load base model
     std::unique_ptr<llama_model_loader> ml;
-    ggml_context * base_ctx = NULL;
+
+    unique_context base_ctx(nullptr, ggml_free);
     std::vector<uint8_t> base_buf;
     if (path_base_model) {
         LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: loading base model from '%s'\n", __func__, path_base_model);
@@ -8702,6 +8709,7 @@ static int llama_apply_lora_from_file_internal(
         size_t ctx_size;
         size_t mmapped_size;
         ml->calc_sizes(ctx_size, mmapped_size);
+
         base_buf.resize(ctx_size);
 
         ggml_init_params base_params;
@@ -8709,9 +8717,9 @@ static int llama_apply_lora_from_file_internal(
         base_params.mem_buffer = base_buf.data();
         base_params.no_alloc   = ml->use_mmap;
 
-        base_ctx = ggml_init(base_params);
+        base_ctx.reset(ggml_init(base_params));
 
-        // maybe this should in llama_model_loader
+        // maybe this should be in llama_model_loader
         if (ml->use_mmap) {
             ml->mapping.reset(new llama_mmap(&ml->file, /* prefetch */ 0, ggml_is_numa()));
         }
@@ -8724,27 +8732,35 @@ static int llama_apply_lora_from_file_internal(
     std::vector<uint8_t> work_buffer;
 
     while (true) {
+        if (fin.tell() == fin.size) {
+            // eof
+            break;
+        }
+
         int32_t n_dims;
-        int32_t length;
+        int32_t name_len;
         int32_t ftype;
 
-        fin.read(reinterpret_cast<char *>(&n_dims), sizeof(n_dims));
-        fin.read(reinterpret_cast<char *>(&length), sizeof(length));
-        fin.read(reinterpret_cast<char *>(&ftype),  sizeof(ftype));
-        if (fin.eof()) {
-            break;
+        fin.read_raw(&n_dims, sizeof(n_dims));
+        fin.read_raw(&name_len, sizeof(name_len));
+        fin.read_raw(&ftype,  sizeof(ftype));
+
+        if (n_dims != 1 && n_dims != 2) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: unsupported tensor dimension %d\n", __func__, n_dims);
+            return 1;
         }
 
         int32_t ne[2] = { 1, 1 };
         for (int i = 0; i < n_dims; ++i) {
-            fin.read(reinterpret_cast<char *>(&ne[i]), sizeof(ne[i]));
+            fin.read_raw(&ne[i], sizeof(ne[i]));
         }
 
         std::string name;
         {
+            GGML_ASSERT(name_len <= 1024);
             char buf[1024];
-            fin.read(buf, length);
-            name = std::string(buf, length);
+            fin.read_raw(buf, name_len);
+            name = std::string(buf, name_len);
         }
 
         // check for lora suffix and get the type of tensor
@@ -8758,7 +8774,7 @@ static int llama_apply_lora_from_file_internal(
         std::string lora_type = name.substr(pos + lora_suffix.length());
         std::string base_name = name;
         base_name.erase(pos);
-        // LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: %s => %s (lora type %s) \n", __func__, name.c_str(),base_name.c_str(), lora_type.c_str());
+        // LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: %s => %s (lora type %s) \n", __func__, name.c_str(), base_name.c_str(), lora_type.c_str());
 
         if (model_tensors.find(base_name) == model_tensors.end()) {
             LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: unknown tensor '%s' in lora adapter\n", __func__, name.data());
@@ -8777,22 +8793,15 @@ static int llama_apply_lora_from_file_internal(
                         return false;
                     }
         }
-        ggml_tensor * lora_tensor;
-        if (n_dims == 2) {
-            lora_tensor = ggml_new_tensor_2d(lora_ctx, wtype, ne[0], ne[1]);
-        }
-        else {
-            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: unsupported tensor dimension %d\n", __func__, n_dims);
-            return 1;
-        }
-        ggml_set_name(lora_tensor, "lora_tensor");
+        ggml_tensor * lora_tensor = ggml_new_tensor_2d(lora_ctx.get(), wtype, ne[0], ne[1]);
+        ggml_set_name(lora_tensor, name.c_str());
 
         // load tensor data
-        size_t offset = fin.tellg();
+        size_t offset = fin.tell();
         size_t tensor_data_size = ggml_nbytes(lora_tensor);
         offset = (offset + 31) & -32;
-        fin.seekg(offset);
-        fin.read((char*)lora_tensor->data, tensor_data_size);
+        fin.seek(offset, SEEK_SET);
+        fin.read_raw(lora_tensor->data, tensor_data_size);
 
         lora_tensors[name] = lora_tensor;
 
@@ -8822,13 +8831,11 @@ static int llama_apply_lora_from_file_internal(
 
                 // load from base model
                 if (gguf_find_tensor(ctx_gguf, base_name.c_str()) < 0) {
-                    // TODO: throw
                     LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: tensor '%s' not found in base model\n", __func__, base_name.c_str());
                     return 1;
                 }
 
-                // TODO: not tested!! maybe not working!
-                base_t = ml->create_tensor(base_ctx, base_name, { (uint32_t)dest_t->ne[0], (uint32_t)dest_t->ne[1] }, GGML_BACKEND_CPU);
+                base_t = ml->create_tensor(base_ctx.get(), base_name, { dest_t->ne[0], dest_t->ne[1] }, GGML_BACKEND_CPU);
                 ml->load_data_for(base_t);
             } else {
                 base_t = dest_t;
@@ -8857,43 +8864,45 @@ static int llama_apply_lora_from_file_internal(
             }
 
             // w = w + BA*s
-            ggml_tensor * BA = ggml_mul_mat(lora_ctx, loraA, loraB);
+            ggml_tensor * BA = ggml_mul_mat(lora_ctx.get(), loraA, loraB);
             offload_func(BA);
             ggml_set_name(BA, "BA");
 
             if (scaling != 1.0f) {
-                ggml_tensor * scale_tensor = ggml_new_f32(lora_ctx, scaling);
+                ggml_tensor * scale_tensor = ggml_new_f32(lora_ctx.get(), scaling);
                 ggml_set_name(scale_tensor, "scale_tensor");
 
-                BA = ggml_scale_inplace(lora_ctx, BA, scale_tensor);
+                BA = ggml_scale_inplace(lora_ctx.get(), BA, scale_tensor);
                 offload_func(BA);
                 ggml_set_name(BA, "BA_scaled");
             }
 
             ggml_tensor * r;
             if (base_t == dest_t) {
-                r = ggml_add_inplace(lora_ctx, dest_t, BA);
+                r = ggml_add_inplace(lora_ctx.get(), dest_t, BA);
                 offload_func_force_inplace(r);
                 ggml_set_name(r, "r_add_inplace");
             }
             else {
-                r = ggml_add(lora_ctx, base_t, BA);
+                r = ggml_add(lora_ctx.get(), base_t, BA);
                 offload_func(r);
                 ggml_set_name(r, "r_add");
 
-                r = ggml_cpy(lora_ctx, r, dest_t);
+                r = ggml_cpy(lora_ctx.get(), r, dest_t);
                 offload_func(r);
                 ggml_set_name(r, "r_cpy");
             }
 
-            struct ggml_cgraph * gf = ggml_new_graph(lora_ctx);
+            struct ggml_cgraph * gf = ggml_new_graph(lora_ctx.get());
             ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, r);
 
             ggml_graph_compute_helper(work_buffer, gf, n_threads);
 
+            // the tensors in the adapter must be sorted such that loraA and loraB of the same tensor are next to each other
+            GGML_ASSERT(lora_tensors.size() == 2);
+
             // we won't need these tensors again, reset the context to save memory
-            ggml_free(lora_ctx);
-            lora_ctx = ggml_init(params);
+            lora_ctx.reset(ggml_init(params));
             lora_tensors.clear();
 
             n_tensors++;
@@ -8903,12 +8912,6 @@ static int llama_apply_lora_from_file_internal(
         }
     }
 
-    // TODO: this should be in a destructor, it will leak on failure
-    ggml_free(lora_ctx);
-    if (base_ctx) {
-        ggml_free(base_ctx);
-    }
-
     const int64_t t_lora_us = ggml_time_us() - t_start_lora_us;
     LLAMA_LOG_INFO(" done (%.2f ms)\n", t_lora_us / 1000.0);
 
diff --git a/llama.h b/llama.h
index 45a65cacb..15ab4f80e 100644
--- a/llama.h
+++ b/llama.h
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 
 #define LLAMA_MAX_RNG_STATE (64*1024)
 
+#define LLAMA_FILE_MAGIC_GGLA 0x67676c61u // 'ggla'
 #define LLAMA_FILE_MAGIC_GGSN 0x6767736eu // 'ggsn'
 
 #define LLAMA_SESSION_MAGIC   LLAMA_FILE_MAGIC_GGSN

From 5daa5f54fdcd2b5228add1a4c43a1897b2168f35 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bach Le <bach@bullno1.com>
Date: Sun, 17 Dec 2023 18:57:33 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 03/20] Link to cublas dynamically on Windows even with
 LLAMA_STATIC (#4506)

---
 CMakeLists.txt | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 57b43c136..e3cd43ab3 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -291,7 +291,12 @@ if (LLAMA_CUBLAS)
         add_compile_definitions(GGML_CUDA_PEER_MAX_BATCH_SIZE=${LLAMA_CUDA_PEER_MAX_BATCH_SIZE})
 
         if (LLAMA_STATIC)
-            set(LLAMA_EXTRA_LIBS ${LLAMA_EXTRA_LIBS} CUDA::cudart_static CUDA::cublas_static CUDA::cublasLt_static)
+            if (WIN32)
+                # As of 12.3.1 CUDA Tookit for Windows does not offer a static cublas library
+                set(LLAMA_EXTRA_LIBS ${LLAMA_EXTRA_LIBS} CUDA::cudart_static CUDA::cublas CUDA::cublasLt)
+            else ()
+                set(LLAMA_EXTRA_LIBS ${LLAMA_EXTRA_LIBS} CUDA::cudart_static CUDA::cublas_static CUDA::cublasLt_static)
+            endif()
         else()
             set(LLAMA_EXTRA_LIBS ${LLAMA_EXTRA_LIBS} CUDA::cudart CUDA::cublas CUDA::cublasLt)
         endif()

From 62bd52b7bf90819e75f427a95a484cd5eee0b3c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mzcu <milos.cubrilo@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 17 Dec 2023 15:54:37 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 04/20] server : allow requests larger than 8K (#4500)

---
 examples/server/server.cpp | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/server/server.cpp b/examples/server/server.cpp
index 5f93dcb66..a9f8b3747 100644
--- a/examples/server/server.cpp
+++ b/examples/server/server.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@
 // crash the server in debug mode, otherwise send an http 500 error
 #define CPPHTTPLIB_NO_EXCEPTIONS 1
 #endif
-
+// increase max payload length to allow use of larger context size
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_FORM_URL_ENCODED_PAYLOAD_MAX_LENGTH 1048576
 #include "httplib.h"
 #include "json.hpp"
 

From eb16dae7e70ca97396190698b29c0f9ee3388e88 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexey Parfenov <zxed@alkatrazstudio.net>
Date: Sun, 17 Dec 2023 14:56:09 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 05/20] server : fix possible ambiguity in content type charset
 (#4501)

---
 examples/server/server.cpp | 44 +++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/server/server.cpp b/examples/server/server.cpp
index a9f8b3747..be7b5b95e 100644
--- a/examples/server/server.cpp
+++ b/examples/server/server.cpp
@@ -2699,7 +2699,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
         }
 
         // API key is invalid or not provided
-        res.set_content("Unauthorized: Invalid API Key", "text/plain");
+        res.set_content("Unauthorized: Invalid API Key", "text/plain; charset=utf-8");
         res.status = 401; // Unauthorized
 
         LOG_WARNING("Unauthorized: Invalid API Key", {});
@@ -2714,28 +2714,28 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
     // this is only called if no index.html is found in the public --path
     svr.Get("/", [](const httplib::Request &, httplib::Response &res)
             {
-                res.set_content(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&index_html), index_html_len, "text/html");
+                res.set_content(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&index_html), index_html_len, "text/html; charset=utf-8");
                 return false;
             });
 
     // this is only called if no index.js is found in the public --path
     svr.Get("/index.js", [](const httplib::Request &, httplib::Response &res)
             {
-                res.set_content(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&index_js), index_js_len, "text/javascript");
+                res.set_content(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&index_js), index_js_len, "text/javascript; charset=utf-8");
                 return false;
             });
 
     // this is only called if no index.html is found in the public --path
     svr.Get("/completion.js", [](const httplib::Request &, httplib::Response &res)
             {
-                res.set_content(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&completion_js), completion_js_len, "application/javascript");
+                res.set_content(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&completion_js), completion_js_len, "application/javascript; charset=utf-8");
                 return false;
             });
 
     // this is only called if no index.html is found in the public --path
     svr.Get("/json-schema-to-grammar.mjs", [](const httplib::Request &, httplib::Response &res)
             {
-                res.set_content(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&json_schema_to_grammar_mjs), json_schema_to_grammar_mjs_len, "application/javascript");
+                res.set_content(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&json_schema_to_grammar_mjs), json_schema_to_grammar_mjs_len, "application/javascript; charset=utf-8");
                 return false;
             });
 
@@ -2746,7 +2746,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
                     { "user_name",      llama.name_user.c_str() },
                     { "assistant_name", llama.name_assistant.c_str() }
                 };
-                res.set_content(data.dump(), "application/json");
+                res.set_content(data.dump(), "application/json; charset=utf-8");
             });
 
     svr.Post("/completion", [&llama, &validate_api_key](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res)
@@ -2760,12 +2760,12 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
                     std::string completion_text;
                     task_result result = llama.next_result(task_id);
                     if (!result.error && result.stop) {
-                        res.set_content(result.result_json.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace), "application/json");
+                        res.set_content(result.result_json.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace), "application/json; charset=utf-8");
                     }
                     else
                     {
                         res.status = 404;
-                        res.set_content(result.result_json["content"], "text/plain");
+                        res.set_content(result.result_json["content"], "text/plain; charset=utf-8");
                         return;
                     }
                 } else {
@@ -2836,7 +2836,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
                     }}
                 };
 
-                res.set_content(models.dump(), "application/json");
+                res.set_content(models.dump(), "application/json; charset=utf-8");
             });
 
     // TODO: add mount point without "/v1" prefix -- how?
@@ -2858,10 +2858,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
                         res.set_content(oaicompat_result.dump(-1, ' ', false,
                                             json::error_handler_t::replace),
-                                            "application/json");
+                                            "application/json; charset=utf-8");
                     } else {
                         res.status = 500;
-                        res.set_content(result.result_json["content"], "text/plain");
+                        res.set_content(result.result_json["content"], "text/plain; charset=utf-8");
                         return;
                     }
                 } else {
@@ -2925,12 +2925,12 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
                     task_result result = llama.next_result(task_id);
                     if (!result.error && result.stop)
                     {
-                        res.set_content(result.result_json.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace), "application/json");
+                        res.set_content(result.result_json.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace), "application/json; charset=utf-8");
                     }
                     else
                     {
                         res.status = 404;
-                        res.set_content(result.result_json["content"], "text/plain");
+                        res.set_content(result.result_json["content"], "text/plain; charset=utf-8");
                         return;
                     }
                 } else {
@@ -2979,11 +2979,11 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
     svr.Get("/model.json", [&llama](const httplib::Request &, httplib::Response &res)
             {
                 const json data = llama.get_model_props();
-                return res.set_content(data.dump(), "application/json");
+                return res.set_content(data.dump(), "application/json; charset=utf-8");
             });
 
     svr.Options(R"(/.*)", [](const httplib::Request &, httplib::Response &res)
-                { return res.set_content("", "application/json"); });
+                { return res.set_content("", "application/json; charset=utf-8"); });
 
     svr.Post("/tokenize", [&llama](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res)
             {
@@ -2994,7 +2994,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
                     tokens = llama.tokenize(body["content"], false);
                 }
                 const json data = format_tokenizer_response(tokens);
-                return res.set_content(data.dump(), "application/json");
+                return res.set_content(data.dump(), "application/json; charset=utf-8");
             });
 
     svr.Post("/detokenize", [&llama](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res)
@@ -3008,7 +3008,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
                 }
 
                 const json data = format_detokenized_response(content);
-                return res.set_content(data.dump(), "application/json");
+                return res.set_content(data.dump(), "application/json; charset=utf-8");
             });
 
     svr.Post("/embedding", [&llama](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res)
@@ -3025,7 +3025,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
                 }
                 const int task_id = llama.request_completion({ {"prompt", prompt}, { "n_predict", 0} }, false, true, -1);
                 task_result result = llama.next_result(task_id);
-                return res.set_content(result.result_json.dump(), "application/json");
+                return res.set_content(result.result_json.dump(), "application/json; charset=utf-8");
             });
 
     svr.set_logger(log_server_request);
@@ -3046,7 +3046,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
                 {
                     snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, "Unknown Exception");
                 }
-                res.set_content(buf, "text/plain");
+                res.set_content(buf, "text/plain; charset=utf-8");
                 res.status = 500;
             });
 
@@ -3054,15 +3054,15 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
             {
                 if (res.status == 401)
                 {
-                    res.set_content("Unauthorized", "text/plain");
+                    res.set_content("Unauthorized", "text/plain; charset=utf-8");
                 }
                 if (res.status == 400)
                 {
-                    res.set_content("Invalid request", "text/plain");
+                    res.set_content("Invalid request", "text/plain; charset=utf-8");
                 }
                 else if (res.status == 404)
                 {
-                    res.set_content("File Not Found", "text/plain");
+                    res.set_content("File Not Found", "text/plain; charset=utf-8");
                     res.status = 404;
                 }
             });

From 8edd2b40fdbcafbf630f2cf29306b29d5cb48c42 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AdithyanI <adithyan.i4internet@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 17 Dec 2023 15:57:56 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 06/20] server : fix grammar being ignored (#4494)

Fix bug in identifying the grammar.
---
 examples/server/server.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/server/server.cpp b/examples/server/server.cpp
index be7b5b95e..c97efe97d 100644
--- a/examples/server/server.cpp
+++ b/examples/server/server.cpp
@@ -2414,7 +2414,7 @@ json oaicompat_completion_params_parse(
     llama_params["ignore_eos"]        = json_value(body, "ignore_eos", false);
     llama_params["tfs_z"]             = json_value(body, "tfs_z", 0.0);
 
-    if (llama_params.count("grammar") != 0) {
+    if (body.count("grammar") != 0) {
         llama_params["grammar"] = json_value(body, "grammar", json::object());
     }
 

From 0ffc92d2d23a789625f018840469af045be1e3c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: olexiyb <olexiyb@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 17 Dec 2023 17:02:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 07/20] server : disable llm logs if SERVER_VERBOSE is off
 (#3792)

---
 examples/server/server.cpp | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/examples/server/server.cpp b/examples/server/server.cpp
index c97efe97d..04038530f 100644
--- a/examples/server/server.cpp
+++ b/examples/server/server.cpp
@@ -2645,6 +2645,9 @@ static void append_to_generated_text_from_generated_token_probs(llama_server_con
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
+#if SERVER_VERBOSE != 1
+    log_disable();
+#endif
     // own arguments required by this example
     gpt_params params;
     server_params sparams;

From 45668633fdb522a925c3dafc1ecf426f539efb27 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: slaren <slarengh@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 17 Dec 2023 16:05:56 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 08/20] finetune : keep allocs alive until all allocations are
 done (#4486)

---
 examples/finetune/finetune.cpp | 15 +++++++--------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/finetune/finetune.cpp b/examples/finetune/finetune.cpp
index b9849e8c9..6a668d764 100644
--- a/examples/finetune/finetune.cpp
+++ b/examples/finetune/finetune.cpp
@@ -1620,8 +1620,6 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     opt->params.adam.gclip              = params.common.adam_gclip;
     opt->params.adam.eps_f              = params.common.adam_eps_f;
 
-    ggml_allocr * alloc = NULL;
-
     printf("%s: init model\n", __func__);
     bool existed = load_checkpoint_lora_file(params.common.fn_checkpoint_in, &model, &lora, train);
 
@@ -1725,10 +1723,9 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
 
     // allocate input tensors
     mem_input_data.resize(max_input_size);
-    alloc = ggml_allocr_new(mem_input_data.data(), mem_input_data.size(), tensor_alignment);
-    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, tokens_input);
-    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, target_probs);
-    ggml_allocr_free(alloc);
+    ggml_allocr_t alloc_inps = ggml_allocr_new(mem_input_data.data(), mem_input_data.size(), tensor_alignment);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc_inps, tokens_input);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc_inps, target_probs);
 
     // context for compute tensors without their data
     const size_t estimated_compute_size_wo_data = (
@@ -1755,7 +1752,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     // find best evaluation order
     for (unsigned order = 0; order < (unsigned) GGML_CGRAPH_EVAL_ORDER_COUNT; ++order) {
         ctx_compute = ggml_init(ctx_compute_params);
-        alloc = ggml_allocr_new_measure(tensor_alignment);
+        ggml_allocr_t alloc = ggml_allocr_new_measure(tensor_alignment);
         gf = ggml_new_graph_custom(ctx_compute, LLAMA_TRAIN_MAX_NODES, true);
         gf->order = (enum ggml_cgraph_eval_order) order;
         gb = ggml_new_graph_custom(ctx_compute, LLAMA_TRAIN_MAX_NODES, true);
@@ -1788,7 +1785,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     // allocate compute tensors
     mem_compute_data.resize(max_compute_size);
     ctx_compute = ggml_init(ctx_compute_params);
-    alloc = ggml_allocr_new(mem_compute_data.data(), mem_compute_data.size(), tensor_alignment);
+    ggml_allocr_t alloc = ggml_allocr_new(mem_compute_data.data(), mem_compute_data.size(), tensor_alignment);
     gf = ggml_new_graph_custom(ctx_compute, LLAMA_TRAIN_MAX_NODES, true);
     gf->order = best_order;
     gb = ggml_new_graph_custom(ctx_compute, LLAMA_TRAIN_MAX_NODES, true);
@@ -1804,6 +1801,8 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         params.common.use_checkpointing
     );
     ggml_allocr_free(alloc);
+    ggml_allocr_free(alloc_inps);
+
 
     // tokenize data
     std::vector<llama_token> train_tokens;

From 919c40660fd27157b391b5832d2a577d5afef4cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matheus Gabriel Alves Silva <matheusgasource@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 17 Dec 2023 12:23:33 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 09/20] build : Check the ROCm installation location (#4485)

* build : Check the ROCm installation location

* more generic approach

* fixup! It was returning the path instead of the command output

* fixup! Trailing whitespace
---
 Makefile | 12 +++++++++---
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index fb775ae5b..8273f8400 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -439,9 +439,15 @@ ggml-opencl.o: ggml-opencl.cpp ggml-opencl.h
 endif # LLAMA_CLBLAST
 
 ifdef LLAMA_HIPBLAS
-	ROCM_PATH	?= /opt/rocm
-	HIPCC	    ?= $(ROCM_PATH)/bin/hipcc
-	GPU_TARGETS ?= $(shell $(ROCM_PATH)/llvm/bin/amdgpu-arch)
+
+	ifeq ($(wildcard /opt/rocm),)
+		ROCM_PATH	?= /usr
+		GPU_TARGETS ?= $(shell $(shell which amdgpu-arch))
+	else
+		ROCM_PATH	?= /opt/rocm
+		GPU_TARGETS ?= $(shell $(ROCM_PATH)/llvm/bin/amdgpu-arch)
+	endif
+	HIPCC                   ?= $(ROCM_PATH)/bin/hipcc
 	LLAMA_CUDA_DMMV_X       ?= 32
 	LLAMA_CUDA_MMV_Y        ?= 1
 	LLAMA_CUDA_KQUANTS_ITER ?= 2

From f7f468a97dceec2f8fe8b1ed7a2091083446ebc7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jared Van Bortel <jared@nomic.ai>
Date: Sun, 17 Dec 2023 10:45:46 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 10/20] gguf-py : fail fast on nonsensical special token IDs
 (#4489)

---
 gguf-py/gguf/vocab.py | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/gguf-py/gguf/vocab.py b/gguf-py/gguf/vocab.py
index de3e5edb5..76924d8f2 100644
--- a/gguf-py/gguf/vocab.py
+++ b/gguf-py/gguf/vocab.py
@@ -109,8 +109,10 @@ class SpecialVocab:
         return True
 
     def _set_special_token(self, typ: str, tid: Any) -> None:
-        if not isinstance(tid, int) or tid < 0:
+        if not isinstance(tid, int):
             return
+        if tid < 0:
+            raise ValueError(f'invalid value for special token type {typ}: {tid}')
         if self.n_vocab is None or tid < self.n_vocab:
             if typ in self.special_token_ids:
                 return

From 800a489e4a8be199122259a995b1ee9dd7fae320 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 17 Dec 2023 19:38:41 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 11/20] llama.swiftui : add bench functionality (#4483)

* llama.swiftui : add bench button

* llama.swiftui : initial bench functionality

* force to use n_gpu_layers on simulator

* add download buttons & expose llamaState.loadModel

* update project.pbxproj

* comment #Preview & fix editorconfig check

* gitignore : xcode stuff

* llama.swiftui : UX improvements

* llama.swiftui : avoid data copy via "downloadTask"

* llama.swiftui : remove model from project

* llama : remove "mostly" from model infos

* llama.swiftui : improve bench

---------

Co-authored-by: jhen <developer@jhen.me>
---
 .editorconfig                                 |   3 +
 examples/llama.swiftui/.gitignore             |   1 +
 .../llama.cpp.swift/LibLlama.swift            | 182 +++-
 .../llama.swiftui.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj   | 898 +++++++++---------
 .../llama.swiftui/Models/LlamaState.swift     |  52 +-
 .../llama.swiftui/UI/ContentView.swift        | 114 ++-
 .../llama.swiftui/UI/DownloadButton.swift     | 122 +++
 llama.cpp                                     |  33 +-
 8 files changed, 895 insertions(+), 510 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui/UI/DownloadButton.swift

diff --git a/.editorconfig b/.editorconfig
index a56e9ccc8..16d16b3b5 100644
--- a/.editorconfig
+++ b/.editorconfig
@@ -23,3 +23,6 @@ insert_final_newline = unset
 
 [examples/server/public/*]
 indent_size = 2
+
+[examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui.xcodeproj/*]
+indent_style = tab
diff --git a/examples/llama.swiftui/.gitignore b/examples/llama.swiftui/.gitignore
index 9bce6af39..e585a2a4f 100644
--- a/examples/llama.swiftui/.gitignore
+++ b/examples/llama.swiftui/.gitignore
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 xcuserdata
+xcshareddata
diff --git a/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.cpp.swift/LibLlama.swift b/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.cpp.swift/LibLlama.swift
index 3754f0551..272e1fd8a 100644
--- a/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.cpp.swift/LibLlama.swift
+++ b/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.cpp.swift/LibLlama.swift
@@ -6,16 +6,34 @@ enum LlamaError: Error {
     case couldNotInitializeContext
 }
 
+func llama_batch_clear(_ batch: inout llama_batch) {
+    batch.n_tokens = 0
+}
+
+func llama_batch_add(_ batch: inout llama_batch, _ id: llama_token, _ pos: llama_pos, _ seq_ids: [llama_seq_id], _ logits: Bool) {
+    batch.token   [Int(batch.n_tokens)] = id
+    batch.pos     [Int(batch.n_tokens)] = pos
+    batch.n_seq_id[Int(batch.n_tokens)] = Int32(seq_ids.count)
+    for i in 0..<seq_ids.count {
+        batch.seq_id[Int(batch.n_tokens)]![Int(i)] = seq_ids[i]
+    }
+    batch.logits  [Int(batch.n_tokens)] = logits ? 1 : 0
+
+    batch.n_tokens += 1
+}
+
 actor LlamaContext {
     private var model: OpaquePointer
     private var context: OpaquePointer
     private var batch: llama_batch
     private var tokens_list: [llama_token]
+
     /// This variable is used to store temporarily invalid cchars
     private var temporary_invalid_cchars: [CChar]
 
-    var n_len: Int32 = 512
+    var n_len: Int32 = 64
     var n_cur: Int32 = 0
+
     var n_decode: Int32 = 0
 
     init(model: OpaquePointer, context: OpaquePointer) {
@@ -27,25 +45,34 @@ actor LlamaContext {
     }
 
     deinit {
+        llama_batch_free(batch)
         llama_free(context)
         llama_free_model(model)
         llama_backend_free()
     }
 
-    static func createContext(path: String) throws -> LlamaContext {
+    static func create_context(path: String) throws -> LlamaContext {
         llama_backend_init(false)
-        let model_params = llama_model_default_params()
+        var model_params = llama_model_default_params()
 
+#if targetEnvironment(simulator)
+        model_params.n_gpu_layers = 0
+        print("Running on simulator, force use n_gpu_layers = 0")
+#endif
         let model = llama_load_model_from_file(path, model_params)
         guard let model else {
             print("Could not load model at \(path)")
             throw LlamaError.couldNotInitializeContext
         }
+
+        let n_threads = max(1, min(8, ProcessInfo.processInfo.processorCount - 2))
+        print("Using \(n_threads) threads")
+
         var ctx_params = llama_context_default_params()
-        ctx_params.seed = 1234
+        ctx_params.seed  = 1234
         ctx_params.n_ctx = 2048
-        ctx_params.n_threads = 8
-        ctx_params.n_threads_batch = 8
+        ctx_params.n_threads       = UInt32(n_threads)
+        ctx_params.n_threads_batch = UInt32(n_threads)
 
         let context = llama_new_context_with_model(model, ctx_params)
         guard let context else {
@@ -56,6 +83,26 @@ actor LlamaContext {
         return LlamaContext(model: model, context: context)
     }
 
+    func model_info() -> String {
+        let result = UnsafeMutablePointer<Int8>.allocate(capacity: 256)
+        result.initialize(repeating: Int8(0), count: 256)
+        defer {
+            result.deallocate()
+        }
+
+        // TODO: this is probably very stupid way to get the string from C
+
+        let nChars = llama_model_desc(model, result, 256)
+        let bufferPointer = UnsafeBufferPointer(start: result, count: Int(nChars))
+
+        var SwiftString = ""
+        for char in bufferPointer {
+            SwiftString.append(Character(UnicodeScalar(UInt8(char))))
+        }
+
+        return SwiftString
+    }
+
     func get_n_tokens() -> Int32 {
         return batch.n_tokens;
     }
@@ -79,16 +126,11 @@ actor LlamaContext {
             print(String(cString: token_to_piece(token: id) + [0]))
         }
 
-        // batch = llama_batch_init(512, 0) // done in init()
-        batch.n_tokens = Int32(tokens_list.count)
+        llama_batch_clear(&batch)
 
-        for i1 in 0..<batch.n_tokens {
+        for i1 in 0..<tokens_list.count {
             let i = Int(i1)
-            batch.token[i] = tokens_list[i]
-            batch.pos[i] = i1
-            batch.n_seq_id[Int(i)] = 1
-            batch.seq_id[Int(i)]![0] = 0
-            batch.logits[i] = 0
+            llama_batch_add(&batch, tokens_list[i], Int32(i), [0], false)
         }
         batch.logits[Int(batch.n_tokens) - 1] = 1 // true
 
@@ -141,18 +183,11 @@ actor LlamaContext {
         print(new_token_str)
         // tokens_list.append(new_token_id)
 
-        batch.n_tokens = 0
-
-        batch.token[Int(batch.n_tokens)] = new_token_id
-        batch.pos[Int(batch.n_tokens)] = n_cur
-        batch.n_seq_id[Int(batch.n_tokens)] = 1
-        batch.seq_id[Int(batch.n_tokens)]![0] = 0
-        batch.logits[Int(batch.n_tokens)] = 1 // true
-        batch.n_tokens += 1
+        llama_batch_clear(&batch)
+        llama_batch_add(&batch, new_token_id, n_cur, [0], true)
 
         n_decode += 1
-
-        n_cur += 1
+        n_cur    += 1
 
         if llama_decode(context, batch) != 0 {
             print("failed to evaluate llama!")
@@ -161,14 +196,111 @@ actor LlamaContext {
         return new_token_str
     }
 
+    func bench(pp: Int, tg: Int, pl: Int, nr: Int = 1) -> String {
+        var pp_avg: Double = 0
+        var tg_avg: Double = 0
+
+        var pp_std: Double = 0
+        var tg_std: Double = 0
+
+        for r in 0..<nr {
+            // bench prompt processing
+
+            llama_batch_clear(&batch)
+
+            let n_tokens = pp
+
+            for i in 0..<n_tokens {
+                llama_batch_add(&batch, 0, Int32(i), [0], false)
+            }
+            batch.logits[Int(batch.n_tokens) - 1] = 1 // true
+
+            llama_kv_cache_clear(context)
+
+            let t_pp_start = ggml_time_us()
+
+            if llama_decode(context, batch) != 0 {
+                print("llama_decode() failed during prompt")
+            }
+
+            let t_pp_end = ggml_time_us()
+
+            // bench text generation
+
+            llama_kv_cache_clear(context)
+
+            let t_tg_start = ggml_time_us()
+
+            for i in 0..<tg {
+                llama_batch_clear(&batch)
+
+                for j in 0..<pl {
+                    llama_batch_add(&batch, 0, Int32(i), [Int32(j)], true)
+                }
+
+                if llama_decode(context, batch) != 0 {
+                    print("llama_decode() failed during text generation")
+                }
+            }
+
+            let t_tg_end = ggml_time_us()
+
+            llama_kv_cache_clear(context)
+
+            let t_pp = Double(t_pp_end - t_pp_start) / 1000000.0
+            let t_tg = Double(t_tg_end - t_tg_start) / 1000000.0
+
+            let speed_pp = Double(pp)    / t_pp
+            let speed_tg = Double(pl*tg) / t_tg
+
+            pp_avg += speed_pp
+            tg_avg += speed_tg
+
+            pp_std += speed_pp * speed_pp
+            tg_std += speed_tg * speed_tg
+
+            print("pp \(speed_pp) t/s, tg \(speed_tg) t/s")
+        }
+
+        pp_avg /= Double(nr)
+        tg_avg /= Double(nr)
+
+        if nr > 1 {
+            pp_std = sqrt(pp_std / Double(nr - 1) - pp_avg * pp_avg * Double(nr) / Double(nr - 1))
+            tg_std = sqrt(tg_std / Double(nr - 1) - tg_avg * tg_avg * Double(nr) / Double(nr - 1))
+        } else {
+            pp_std = 0
+            tg_std = 0
+        }
+
+        let model_desc     = model_info();
+        let model_size     = String(format: "%.2f GiB", Double(llama_model_size(model)) / 1024.0 / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
+        let model_n_params = String(format: "%.2f B", Double(llama_model_n_params(model)) / 1e9);
+        let backend        = "Metal";
+        let pp_avg_str     = String(format: "%.2f", pp_avg);
+        let tg_avg_str     = String(format: "%.2f", tg_avg);
+        let pp_std_str     = String(format: "%.2f", pp_std);
+        let tg_std_str     = String(format: "%.2f", tg_std);
+
+        var result = ""
+
+        result += String("| model | size | params | backend | test | t/s |\n")
+        result += String("| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n")
+        result += String("| \(model_desc) | \(model_size) | \(model_n_params) | \(backend) | pp \(pp) | \(pp_avg_str) ± \(pp_std_str) |\n")
+        result += String("| \(model_desc) | \(model_size) | \(model_n_params) | \(backend) | tg \(tg) | \(tg_avg_str) ± \(tg_std_str) |\n")
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
     func clear() {
         tokens_list.removeAll()
         temporary_invalid_cchars.removeAll()
+        llama_kv_cache_clear(context)
     }
 
     private func tokenize(text: String, add_bos: Bool) -> [llama_token] {
         let utf8Count = text.utf8.count
-        let n_tokens = utf8Count + (add_bos ? 1 : 0)
+        let n_tokens = utf8Count + (add_bos ? 1 : 0) + 1
         let tokens = UnsafeMutablePointer<llama_token>.allocate(capacity: n_tokens)
         let tokenCount = llama_tokenize(model, text, Int32(utf8Count), tokens, Int32(n_tokens), add_bos, false)
 
diff --git a/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj b/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
index bc1fd15ce..2e6159928 100644
--- a/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
+++ b/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
@@ -1,481 +1,483 @@
 // !$*UTF8*$!
 {
-    archiveVersion = 1;
-    classes = {
-    };
-    objectVersion = 56;
-    objects = {
+	archiveVersion = 1;
+	classes = {
+	};
+	objectVersion = 56;
+	objects = {
 
 /* Begin PBXBuildFile section */
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-                ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_APPICON_NAME = AppIcon;
-                ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_GLOBAL_ACCENT_COLOR_NAME = AccentColor;
-                CLANG_ENABLE_MODULES = YES;
-                CODE_SIGN_STYLE = Automatic;
-                CURRENT_PROJECT_VERSION = 1;
-                DEVELOPMENT_ASSET_PATHS = "\"llama.swiftui/Preview Content\"";
-                DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = STLSG3FG8Q;
-                ENABLE_PREVIEWS = YES;
-                GENERATE_INFOPLIST_FILE = YES;
-                INFOPLIST_KEY_UIApplicationSceneManifest_Generation = YES;
-                INFOPLIST_KEY_UIApplicationSupportsIndirectInputEvents = YES;
-                INFOPLIST_KEY_UILaunchScreen_Generation = YES;
-                INFOPLIST_KEY_UISupportedInterfaceOrientations_iPad = "UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait UIInterfaceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight";
-                INFOPLIST_KEY_UISupportedInterfaceOrientations_iPhone = "UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight";
-                IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 16.0;
-                LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = (
-                    "$(inherited)",
-                    "@executable_path/Frameworks",
-                );
-                MARKETING_VERSION = 1.0;
-                PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = "com.bachittle.llama-swift";
-                PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
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-                SWIFT_OBJC_BRIDGING_HEADER = "llama.cpp.swift/bridging-header.h";
-                SWIFT_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL = "-Onone";
-                SWIFT_VERSION = 5.0;
-                TARGETED_DEVICE_FAMILY = "1,2";
-            };
-            name = Debug;
-        };
-        8A1C83832AC328BE0096AF73 /* Release */ = {
-            isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
-            buildSettings = {
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-                ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_GLOBAL_ACCENT_COLOR_NAME = AccentColor;
-                CLANG_ENABLE_MODULES = YES;
-                CODE_SIGN_STYLE = Automatic;
-                CURRENT_PROJECT_VERSION = 1;
-                DEVELOPMENT_ASSET_PATHS = "\"llama.swiftui/Preview Content\"";
-                DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = STLSG3FG8Q;
-                ENABLE_PREVIEWS = YES;
-                GENERATE_INFOPLIST_FILE = YES;
-                INFOPLIST_KEY_UIApplicationSceneManifest_Generation = YES;
-                INFOPLIST_KEY_UIApplicationSupportsIndirectInputEvents = YES;
-                INFOPLIST_KEY_UILaunchScreen_Generation = YES;
-                INFOPLIST_KEY_UISupportedInterfaceOrientations_iPad = "UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait UIInterfaceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight";
-                INFOPLIST_KEY_UISupportedInterfaceOrientations_iPhone = "UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight";
-                IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 16.0;
-                LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = (
-                    "$(inherited)",
-                    "@executable_path/Frameworks",
-                );
-                MARKETING_VERSION = 1.0;
-                PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = "com.bachittle.llama-swift";
-                PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
-                SWIFT_EMIT_LOC_STRINGS = YES;
-                SWIFT_OBJC_BRIDGING_HEADER = "llama.cpp.swift/bridging-header.h";
-                SWIFT_VERSION = 5.0;
-                TARGETED_DEVICE_FAMILY = "1,2";
-            };
-            name = Release;
-        };
+		8A1C837F2AC328BE0096AF73 /* Debug */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				ALWAYS_SEARCH_USER_PATHS = NO;
+				ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_GENERATE_SWIFT_ASSET_SYMBOL_EXTENSIONS = YES;
+				CLANG_ANALYZER_NONNULL = YES;
+				CLANG_ANALYZER_NUMBER_OBJECT_CONVERSION = YES_AGGRESSIVE;
+				CLANG_CXX_LANGUAGE_STANDARD = "gnu++20";
+				CLANG_ENABLE_MODULES = YES;
+				CLANG_ENABLE_OBJC_ARC = YES;
+				CLANG_ENABLE_OBJC_WEAK = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_BLOCK_CAPTURE_AUTORELEASING = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_BOOL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_COMMA = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_CONSTANT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_DEPRECATED_OBJC_IMPLEMENTATIONS = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_DIRECT_OBJC_ISA_USAGE = YES_ERROR;
+				CLANG_WARN_DOCUMENTATION_COMMENTS = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_EMPTY_BODY = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_ENUM_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_INFINITE_RECURSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_INT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_NON_LITERAL_NULL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_IMPLICIT_RETAIN_SELF = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_LITERAL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_ROOT_CLASS = YES_ERROR;
+				CLANG_WARN_QUOTED_INCLUDE_IN_FRAMEWORK_HEADER = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_RANGE_LOOP_ANALYSIS = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_STRICT_PROTOTYPES = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_SUSPICIOUS_MOVE = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_UNGUARDED_AVAILABILITY = YES_AGGRESSIVE;
+				CLANG_WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN__DUPLICATE_METHOD_MATCH = YES;
+				COPY_PHASE_STRIP = NO;
+				DEBUG_INFORMATION_FORMAT = dwarf;
+				ENABLE_STRICT_OBJC_MSGSEND = YES;
+				ENABLE_TESTABILITY = YES;
+				ENABLE_USER_SCRIPT_SANDBOXING = YES;
+				GCC_C_LANGUAGE_STANDARD = gnu17;
+				GCC_DYNAMIC_NO_PIC = NO;
+				GCC_NO_COMMON_BLOCKS = YES;
+				GCC_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL = 0;
+				GCC_PREPROCESSOR_DEFINITIONS = (
+					"DEBUG=1",
+					"$(inherited)",
+				);
+				GCC_WARN_64_TO_32_BIT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_ABOUT_RETURN_TYPE = YES_ERROR;
+				GCC_WARN_UNDECLARED_SELECTOR = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_UNINITIALIZED_AUTOS = YES_AGGRESSIVE;
+				GCC_WARN_UNUSED_FUNCTION = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE = YES;
+				IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 17.0;
+				LOCALIZATION_PREFERS_STRING_CATALOGS = YES;
+				MTL_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO = INCLUDE_SOURCE;
+				MTL_FAST_MATH = YES;
+				ONLY_ACTIVE_ARCH = YES;
+				SDKROOT = iphoneos;
+				SWIFT_ACTIVE_COMPILATION_CONDITIONS = "DEBUG $(inherited)";
+				SWIFT_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL = "-Onone";
+			};
+			name = Debug;
+		};
+		8A1C83802AC328BE0096AF73 /* Release */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				ALWAYS_SEARCH_USER_PATHS = NO;
+				ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_GENERATE_SWIFT_ASSET_SYMBOL_EXTENSIONS = YES;
+				CLANG_ANALYZER_NONNULL = YES;
+				CLANG_ANALYZER_NUMBER_OBJECT_CONVERSION = YES_AGGRESSIVE;
+				CLANG_CXX_LANGUAGE_STANDARD = "gnu++20";
+				CLANG_ENABLE_MODULES = YES;
+				CLANG_ENABLE_OBJC_ARC = YES;
+				CLANG_ENABLE_OBJC_WEAK = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_BLOCK_CAPTURE_AUTORELEASING = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_BOOL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_COMMA = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_CONSTANT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_DEPRECATED_OBJC_IMPLEMENTATIONS = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_DIRECT_OBJC_ISA_USAGE = YES_ERROR;
+				CLANG_WARN_DOCUMENTATION_COMMENTS = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_EMPTY_BODY = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_ENUM_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_INFINITE_RECURSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_INT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_NON_LITERAL_NULL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_IMPLICIT_RETAIN_SELF = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_LITERAL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_ROOT_CLASS = YES_ERROR;
+				CLANG_WARN_QUOTED_INCLUDE_IN_FRAMEWORK_HEADER = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_RANGE_LOOP_ANALYSIS = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_STRICT_PROTOTYPES = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_SUSPICIOUS_MOVE = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_UNGUARDED_AVAILABILITY = YES_AGGRESSIVE;
+				CLANG_WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN__DUPLICATE_METHOD_MATCH = YES;
+				COPY_PHASE_STRIP = NO;
+				DEBUG_INFORMATION_FORMAT = "dwarf-with-dsym";
+				ENABLE_NS_ASSERTIONS = NO;
+				ENABLE_STRICT_OBJC_MSGSEND = YES;
+				ENABLE_USER_SCRIPT_SANDBOXING = YES;
+				GCC_C_LANGUAGE_STANDARD = gnu17;
+				GCC_NO_COMMON_BLOCKS = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_64_TO_32_BIT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_ABOUT_RETURN_TYPE = YES_ERROR;
+				GCC_WARN_UNDECLARED_SELECTOR = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_UNINITIALIZED_AUTOS = YES_AGGRESSIVE;
+				GCC_WARN_UNUSED_FUNCTION = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE = YES;
+				IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 17.0;
+				LOCALIZATION_PREFERS_STRING_CATALOGS = YES;
+				MTL_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO = NO;
+				MTL_FAST_MATH = YES;
+				SDKROOT = iphoneos;
+				SWIFT_COMPILATION_MODE = wholemodule;
+				VALIDATE_PRODUCT = YES;
+			};
+			name = Release;
+		};
+		8A1C83822AC328BE0096AF73 /* Debug */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_APPICON_NAME = AppIcon;
+				ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_GLOBAL_ACCENT_COLOR_NAME = AccentColor;
+				CLANG_ENABLE_MODULES = YES;
+				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = Automatic;
+				CURRENT_PROJECT_VERSION = 1;
+				DEVELOPMENT_ASSET_PATHS = "\"llama.swiftui/Preview Content\"";
+				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = STLSG3FG8Q;
+				ENABLE_PREVIEWS = YES;
+				GENERATE_INFOPLIST_FILE = YES;
+				INFOPLIST_KEY_UIApplicationSceneManifest_Generation = YES;
+				INFOPLIST_KEY_UIApplicationSupportsIndirectInputEvents = YES;
+				INFOPLIST_KEY_UILaunchScreen_Generation = YES;
+				INFOPLIST_KEY_UISupportedInterfaceOrientations_iPad = "UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait UIInterfaceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight";
+				INFOPLIST_KEY_UISupportedInterfaceOrientations_iPhone = "UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight";
+				IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 16.0;
+				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = (
+					"$(inherited)",
+					"@executable_path/Frameworks",
+				);
+				MARKETING_VERSION = 1.0;
+				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = "com.bachittle.llama-swift";
+				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
+				SWIFT_EMIT_LOC_STRINGS = YES;
+				SWIFT_OBJC_BRIDGING_HEADER = "llama.cpp.swift/bridging-header.h";
+				SWIFT_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL = "-Onone";
+				SWIFT_VERSION = 5.0;
+				TARGETED_DEVICE_FAMILY = "1,2";
+			};
+			name = Debug;
+		};
+		8A1C83832AC328BE0096AF73 /* Release */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_APPICON_NAME = AppIcon;
+				ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_GLOBAL_ACCENT_COLOR_NAME = AccentColor;
+				CLANG_ENABLE_MODULES = YES;
+				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = Automatic;
+				CURRENT_PROJECT_VERSION = 1;
+				DEVELOPMENT_ASSET_PATHS = "\"llama.swiftui/Preview Content\"";
+				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = STLSG3FG8Q;
+				ENABLE_PREVIEWS = YES;
+				GENERATE_INFOPLIST_FILE = YES;
+				INFOPLIST_KEY_UIApplicationSceneManifest_Generation = YES;
+				INFOPLIST_KEY_UIApplicationSupportsIndirectInputEvents = YES;
+				INFOPLIST_KEY_UILaunchScreen_Generation = YES;
+				INFOPLIST_KEY_UISupportedInterfaceOrientations_iPad = "UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait UIInterfaceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight";
+				INFOPLIST_KEY_UISupportedInterfaceOrientations_iPhone = "UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight";
+				IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 16.0;
+				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = (
+					"$(inherited)",
+					"@executable_path/Frameworks",
+				);
+				MARKETING_VERSION = 1.0;
+				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = "com.bachittle.llama-swift";
+				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
+				SWIFT_EMIT_LOC_STRINGS = YES;
+				SWIFT_OBJC_BRIDGING_HEADER = "llama.cpp.swift/bridging-header.h";
+				SWIFT_VERSION = 5.0;
+				TARGETED_DEVICE_FAMILY = "1,2";
+			};
+			name = Release;
+		};
 /* End XCBuildConfiguration section */
 
 /* Begin XCConfigurationList section */
-        8A1C836E2AC328BD0096AF73 /* Build configuration list for PBXProject "llama.swiftui" */ = {
-            isa = XCConfigurationList;
-            buildConfigurations = (
-                8A1C837F2AC328BE0096AF73 /* Debug */,
-                8A1C83802AC328BE0096AF73 /* Release */,
-            );
-            defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
-            defaultConfigurationName = Release;
-        };
-        8A1C83812AC328BE0096AF73 /* Build configuration list for PBXNativeTarget "llama.swiftui" */ = {
-            isa = XCConfigurationList;
-            buildConfigurations = (
-                8A1C83822AC328BE0096AF73 /* Debug */,
-                8A1C83832AC328BE0096AF73 /* Release */,
-            );
-            defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
-            defaultConfigurationName = Release;
-        };
+		8A1C836E2AC328BD0096AF73 /* Build configuration list for PBXProject "llama.swiftui" */ = {
+			isa = XCConfigurationList;
+			buildConfigurations = (
+				8A1C837F2AC328BE0096AF73 /* Debug */,
+				8A1C83802AC328BE0096AF73 /* Release */,
+			);
+			defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
+			defaultConfigurationName = Release;
+		};
+		8A1C83812AC328BE0096AF73 /* Build configuration list for PBXNativeTarget "llama.swiftui" */ = {
+			isa = XCConfigurationList;
+			buildConfigurations = (
+				8A1C83822AC328BE0096AF73 /* Debug */,
+				8A1C83832AC328BE0096AF73 /* Release */,
+			);
+			defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
+			defaultConfigurationName = Release;
+		};
 /* End XCConfigurationList section */
-    };
-    rootObject = 8A1C836B2AC328BD0096AF73 /* Project object */;
+	};
+	rootObject = 8A1C836B2AC328BD0096AF73 /* Project object */;
 }
diff --git a/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui/Models/LlamaState.swift b/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui/Models/LlamaState.swift
index babc60cdc..3393eb242 100644
--- a/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui/Models/LlamaState.swift
+++ b/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui/Models/LlamaState.swift
@@ -3,24 +3,26 @@ import Foundation
 @MainActor
 class LlamaState: ObservableObject {
     @Published var messageLog = ""
+    @Published var cacheCleared = false
 
     private var llamaContext: LlamaContext?
-    private var modelUrl: URL? {
-        Bundle.main.url(forResource: "q8_0", withExtension: "gguf", subdirectory: "models")
+    private var defaultModelUrl: URL? {
+        Bundle.main.url(forResource: "ggml-model", withExtension: "gguf", subdirectory: "models")
         // Bundle.main.url(forResource: "llama-2-7b-chat", withExtension: "Q2_K.gguf", subdirectory: "models")
     }
+
     init() {
         do {
-            try loadModel()
+            try loadModel(modelUrl: defaultModelUrl)
         } catch {
             messageLog += "Error!\n"
         }
     }
 
-    private func loadModel() throws {
+    func loadModel(modelUrl: URL?) throws {
         messageLog += "Loading model...\n"
         if let modelUrl {
-            llamaContext = try LlamaContext.createContext(path: modelUrl.path())
+            llamaContext = try LlamaContext.create_context(path: modelUrl.path())
             messageLog += "Loaded model \(modelUrl.lastPathComponent)\n"
         } else {
             messageLog += "Could not locate model\n"
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ class LlamaState: ObservableObject {
         guard let llamaContext else {
             return
         }
-        messageLog += "Attempting to complete text...\n"
+
         await llamaContext.completion_init(text: text)
         messageLog += "\(text)"
 
@@ -42,4 +44,42 @@ class LlamaState: ObservableObject {
         await llamaContext.clear()
         messageLog += "\n\ndone\n"
     }
+
+    func bench() async {
+        guard let llamaContext else {
+            return
+        }
+
+        messageLog += "\n"
+        messageLog += "Running benchmark...\n"
+        messageLog += "Model info: "
+        messageLog += await llamaContext.model_info() + "\n"
+
+        let t_start = DispatchTime.now().uptimeNanoseconds
+        await llamaContext.bench(pp: 8, tg: 4, pl: 1) // heat up
+        let t_end = DispatchTime.now().uptimeNanoseconds
+
+        let t_heat = Double(t_end - t_start) / 1_000_000_000.0
+        messageLog += "Heat up time: \(t_heat) seconds, please wait...\n"
+
+        // if more than 5 seconds, then we're probably running on a slow device
+        if t_heat > 5.0 {
+            messageLog += "Heat up time is too long, aborting benchmark\n"
+            return
+        }
+
+        let result = await llamaContext.bench(pp: 512, tg: 128, pl: 1, nr: 3)
+
+        messageLog += "\(result)"
+        messageLog += "\n"
+    }
+
+    func clear() async {
+        guard let llamaContext else {
+            return
+        }
+
+        await llamaContext.clear()
+        messageLog = ""
+    }
 }
diff --git a/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui/UI/ContentView.swift b/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui/UI/ContentView.swift
index 0bd16a806..219bf4dc1 100644
--- a/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui/UI/ContentView.swift
+++ b/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui/UI/ContentView.swift
@@ -5,24 +5,97 @@ struct ContentView: View {
 
     @State private var multiLineText = ""
 
+    private static func cleanupModelCaches() {
+        // Delete all models (*.gguf)
+        let fileManager = FileManager.default
+        let documentsUrl =  FileManager.default.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask)[0]
+        do {
+            let fileURLs = try fileManager.contentsOfDirectory(at: documentsUrl, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil)
+            for fileURL in fileURLs {
+                if fileURL.pathExtension == "gguf" {
+                    try fileManager.removeItem(at: fileURL)
+                }
+            }
+        } catch {
+            print("Error while enumerating files \(documentsUrl.path): \(error.localizedDescription)")
+        }
+    }
+
     var body: some View {
         VStack {
-            ScrollView(.vertical) {
+            ScrollView(.vertical, showsIndicators: true) {
                 Text(llamaState.messageLog)
+                .font(.system(size: 12))
+                .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, alignment: .leading)
+                .padding()
+                .onTapGesture {
+                    UIApplication.shared.sendAction(#selector(UIResponder.resignFirstResponder), to: nil, from: nil, for: nil)
+                }
             }
 
             TextEditor(text: $multiLineText)
-                .frame(height: 200)
+                .frame(height: 80)
                 .padding()
                 .border(Color.gray, width: 0.5)
-            Button(action: {
-                sendText()
-            }) {
-                Text("Send")
-                    .padding()
-                    .background(Color.blue)
-                    .foregroundColor(.white)
-                    .cornerRadius(8)
+
+            HStack {
+                Button("Send") {
+                    sendText()
+                }
+                .padding(8)
+                .background(Color.blue)
+                .foregroundColor(.white)
+                .cornerRadius(8)
+
+                Button("Bench") {
+                    bench()
+                }
+                .padding(8)
+                .background(Color.blue)
+                .foregroundColor(.white)
+                .cornerRadius(8)
+
+                Button("Clear") {
+                    clear()
+                }
+                .padding(8)
+                .background(Color.blue)
+                .foregroundColor(.white)
+                .cornerRadius(8)
+
+                Button("Copy") {
+                    UIPasteboard.general.string = llamaState.messageLog
+                }
+                .padding(8)
+                .background(Color.blue)
+                .foregroundColor(.white)
+                .cornerRadius(8)
+            }
+
+            VStack {
+                DownloadButton(
+                    llamaState: llamaState,
+                    modelName: "TinyLlama-1.1B (Q4_0)",
+                    modelUrl: "https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/TinyLlama-1.1B-1T-OpenOrca-GGUF/resolve/main/tinyllama-1.1b-1t-openorca.Q4_0.gguf?download=true",
+                    filename: "tinyllama-1.1b-1t-openorca.Q4_0.gguf"
+                )
+                .font(.system(size: 12))
+                .padding(.top, 4)
+
+                DownloadButton(
+                    llamaState: llamaState,
+                    modelName: "TinyLlama-1.1B (Q8_0)",
+                    modelUrl: "https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/TinyLlama-1.1B-1T-OpenOrca-GGUF/resolve/main/tinyllama-1.1b-1t-openorca.Q8_0.gguf?download=true",
+                    filename: "tinyllama-1.1b-1t-openorca.Q8_0.gguf"
+                )
+                .font(.system(size: 12))
+
+                Button("Clear downloaded models") {
+                    ContentView.cleanupModelCaches()
+                    llamaState.cacheCleared = true
+                }
+                .padding(8)
+                .font(.system(size: 12))
             }
         }
         .padding()
@@ -34,9 +107,20 @@ struct ContentView: View {
             multiLineText = ""
         }
     }
+
+    func bench() {
+        Task {
+            await llamaState.bench()
+        }
+    }
+
+    func clear() {
+        Task {
+            await llamaState.clear()
+        }
+    }
 }
-/*
-#Preview {
-    ContentView()
-}
-*/
+
+//#Preview {
+//    ContentView()
+//}
diff --git a/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui/UI/DownloadButton.swift b/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui/UI/DownloadButton.swift
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4bd75cb69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui/UI/DownloadButton.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+import SwiftUI
+
+struct DownloadButton: View {
+    @ObservedObject private var llamaState: LlamaState
+    private var modelName: String
+    private var modelUrl: String
+    private var filename: String
+
+    @State private var status: String
+
+    @State private var downloadTask: URLSessionDownloadTask?
+    @State private var progress = 0.0
+    @State private var observation: NSKeyValueObservation?
+
+    private static func getFileURL(filename: String) -> URL {
+        FileManager.default.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask)[0].appendingPathComponent(filename)
+    }
+
+    private func checkFileExistenceAndUpdateStatus() {
+    }
+
+    init(llamaState: LlamaState, modelName: String, modelUrl: String, filename: String) {
+        self.llamaState = llamaState
+        self.modelName = modelName
+        self.modelUrl = modelUrl
+        self.filename = filename
+
+        let fileURL = DownloadButton.getFileURL(filename: filename)
+        status = FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: fileURL.path) ? "downloaded" : "download"
+    }
+
+    private func download() {
+        status = "downloading"
+        print("Downloading model \(modelName) from \(modelUrl)")
+        guard let url = URL(string: modelUrl) else { return }
+        let fileURL = DownloadButton.getFileURL(filename: filename)
+
+        downloadTask = URLSession.shared.downloadTask(with: url) { temporaryURL, response, error in
+            if let error = error {
+                print("Error: \(error.localizedDescription)")
+                return
+            }
+
+            guard let response = response as? HTTPURLResponse, (200...299).contains(response.statusCode) else {
+                print("Server error!")
+                return
+            }
+
+            do {
+                if let temporaryURL = temporaryURL {
+                    try FileManager.default.copyItem(at: temporaryURL, to: fileURL)
+                    print("Writing to \(filename) completed")
+
+                    llamaState.cacheCleared = false
+
+                    status = "downloaded"
+                }
+            } catch let err {
+                print("Error: \(err.localizedDescription)")
+            }
+        }
+
+        observation = downloadTask?.progress.observe(\.fractionCompleted) { progress, _ in
+            self.progress = progress.fractionCompleted
+        }
+
+        downloadTask?.resume()
+    }
+
+    var body: some View {
+        VStack {
+            if status == "download" {
+                Button(action: download) {
+                    Text("Download " + modelName)
+                }
+            } else if status == "downloading" {
+                Button(action: {
+                    downloadTask?.cancel()
+                    status = "download"
+                }) {
+                    Text("\(modelName) (Downloading \(Int(progress * 100))%)")
+                }
+            } else if status == "downloaded" {
+                Button(action: {
+                    let fileURL = DownloadButton.getFileURL(filename: filename)
+                    if !FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: fileURL.path) {
+                        download()
+                        return
+                    }
+                    do {
+                        try llamaState.loadModel(modelUrl: fileURL)
+                    } catch let err {
+                        print("Error: \(err.localizedDescription)")
+                    }
+                }) {
+                    Text("\(modelName) (Downloaded)")
+                }
+            } else {
+                Text("Unknown status")
+            }
+        }
+        .onDisappear() {
+            downloadTask?.cancel()
+        }
+        .onChange(of: llamaState.cacheCleared) { newValue in
+            if newValue {
+                downloadTask?.cancel()
+                let fileURL = DownloadButton.getFileURL(filename: filename)
+                status = FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: fileURL.path) ? "downloaded" : "download"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// #Preview {
+//    DownloadButton(
+//        llamaState: LlamaState(),
+//        modelName: "TheBloke / TinyLlama-1.1B-1T-OpenOrca-GGUF (Q4_0)",
+//        modelUrl: "https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/TinyLlama-1.1B-1T-OpenOrca-GGUF/resolve/main/tinyllama-1.1b-1t-openorca.Q4_0.gguf?download=true",
+//        filename: "tinyllama-1.1b-1t-openorca.Q4_0.gguf"
+//    )
+// }
diff --git a/llama.cpp b/llama.cpp
index f49214c13..fd9fd6ed9 100644
--- a/llama.cpp
+++ b/llama.cpp
@@ -2397,25 +2397,25 @@ static std::string llama_model_ftype_name(llama_ftype ftype) {
 
     switch (ftype) {
         case LLAMA_FTYPE_ALL_F32:     return "all F32";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_F16:  return "mostly F16";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_0: return "mostly Q4_0";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_1: return "mostly Q4_1";
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_F16:  return "F16";
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_0: return "Q4_0";
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_1: return "Q4_1";
         case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_1_SOME_F16:
-                                      return "mostly Q4_1, some F16";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_0: return "mostly Q5_0";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_1: return "mostly Q5_1";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q8_0: return "mostly Q8_0";
+                                      return "Q4_1, some F16";
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_0: return "Q5_0";
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_1: return "Q5_1";
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q8_0: return "Q8_0";
 
         // K-quants
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q2_K:   return "mostly Q2_K";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_S: return "mostly Q3_K - Small";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_M: return "mostly Q3_K - Medium";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_L: return "mostly Q3_K - Large";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_K_S: return "mostly Q4_K - Small";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_K_M: return "mostly Q4_K - Medium";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_K_S: return "mostly Q5_K - Small";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_K_M: return "mostly Q5_K - Medium";
-        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q6_K:   return "mostly Q6_K";
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q2_K:   return "Q2_K";
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_S: return "Q3_K - Small";
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_M: return "Q3_K - Medium";
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_L: return "Q3_K - Large";
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_K_S: return "Q4_K - Small";
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_K_M: return "Q4_K - Medium";
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_K_S: return "Q5_K - Small";
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_K_M: return "Q5_K - Medium";
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q6_K:   return "Q6_K";
 
         default: return "unknown, may not work";
     }
@@ -2533,6 +2533,7 @@ static void llm_load_hparams(
                 ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS, hparams.f_norm_rms_eps);
 
                 switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 22: model.type = e_model::MODEL_1B; break;
                     case 26: model.type = e_model::MODEL_3B; break;
                     case 32: model.type = e_model::MODEL_7B; break;
                     case 40: model.type = e_model::MODEL_13B; break;

From b1306c439490c7fa4ec33594500d980d1e9e15e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 17 Dec 2023 20:16:23 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 12/20] readme : update hot topics

---
 README.md | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index edbe6ba57..01aef2afc 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ Inference of [LLaMA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.13971) model in pure C/C++
 
 ### Hot topics
 
+- Collecting Apple Silicon performance stats:
+  - M-series: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/discussions/4167
+  - A-series: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/discussions/4508
 - Added Mixtral support: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/4406
-- **llama.h API change for handling KV cache offloading and data type: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/4309**
-- Using `llama.cpp` with AWS instances: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/discussions/4225
 - Looking for contributions to improve and maintain the `server` example: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/issues/4216
-- Collecting Apple Silicon performance stats: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/discussions/4167
 
 ----
 

From 2994f0c5a2e8c96955b422dedc93ec2595d16b82 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jared Van Bortel <jared@nomic.ai>
Date: Sun, 17 Dec 2023 19:39:02 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 13/20] decode : fix logits_valid for legacy API (#4516)

---
 llama.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/llama.cpp b/llama.cpp
index fd9fd6ed9..d6d575f9e 100644
--- a/llama.cpp
+++ b/llama.cpp
@@ -6184,7 +6184,7 @@ static int llama_decode_internal(
             logits_out.resize(n_vocab);
             memcpy(logits_out.data(), (float *) ggml_get_data(res) + (n_vocab*(n_tokens - 1)), sizeof(float)*n_vocab);
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-            logits_valid[n_tokens - 1] = true;
+            logits_valid[0] = true;
 #endif
         }
     }

From 3c04bf6da89eaf4c7d317e0518f0687dfcbf2de7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hankcs <cnhankmc@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Dec 2023 05:14:58 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 14/20] llama : fix try_override for bool_value which always
 return true (#4519)

---
 llama.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/llama.cpp b/llama.cpp
index d6d575f9e..99facbf77 100644
--- a/llama.cpp
+++ b/llama.cpp
@@ -1937,7 +1937,7 @@ namespace GGUFMeta {
                 target = override->bool_value;
                 return true;
             }
-            return true;
+            return false;
         }
 
         template<typename OT>

From b9e74f9bca5fdf7d0a22ed25e7a9626335fdfa48 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ebey Abraham <ebey97@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Dec 2023 17:27:47 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 15/20] llama : add phi-2 + fix NeoX rope +
 ggml_mul_mat_set_prec (#4490)

* phi2 implementation

* fix breaking change

* phi-2 : various fixes

* phi-2 : use layer norm eps

* py : whitespaces

* llama : fix meta KV override bug

* convert : phi don't add BOS token

* convert : revert "added_tokens_decoder" change

* phi-2 : scale Q instead of KQ for better precision

* ggml : fix NeoX rope to rotate just first n_dims

* cuda : less diff in the rope_neox kernel

* ggml : add ggml_mul_mat_set_prec

ggml-ci

* Update ggml-cuda.cu

Co-authored-by: slaren <slarengh@gmail.com>

* Update ggml-cuda.cu

Co-authored-by: slaren <slarengh@gmail.com>

* cuda : ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_cublas support F32 precision

* cuda : remove oboslete comment

---------

Co-authored-by: Ebey Abraham <ebeyabraham@microsoft.com>
Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: slaren <slarengh@gmail.com>
---
 convert-hf-to-gguf.py          |  22 +++
 ggml-cuda.cu                   | 117 +++++++++----
 ggml-metal.metal               |  13 +-
 ggml.c                         |  46 ++++-
 ggml.h                         |  12 ++
 gguf-py/gguf/constants.py      |  13 ++
 gguf-py/gguf/tensor_mapping.py |   8 +
 llama.cpp                      | 307 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 tests/test-backend-ops.cpp     |   1 +
 9 files changed, 463 insertions(+), 76 deletions(-)

diff --git a/convert-hf-to-gguf.py b/convert-hf-to-gguf.py
index e46a7813a..e71a96c48 100755
--- a/convert-hf-to-gguf.py
+++ b/convert-hf-to-gguf.py
@@ -182,6 +182,8 @@ class Model:
             return QwenModel
         if model_architecture == "MixtralForCausalLM":
             return MixtralModel
+        if model_architecture == "PhiForCausalLM":
+            return Phi2Model
         return Model
 
     def _is_model_safetensors(self) -> bool:
@@ -221,6 +223,8 @@ class Model:
             return gguf.MODEL_ARCH.QWEN
         if arch == "MixtralForCausalLM":
             return gguf.MODEL_ARCH.LLAMA
+        if arch == "PhiForCausalLM":
+            return gguf.MODEL_ARCH.PHI2
 
         raise NotImplementedError(f'Architecture "{arch}" not supported!')
 
@@ -980,6 +984,24 @@ class QwenModel(Model):
             print(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
             self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
 
+
+class Phi2Model(Model):
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams["n_layer"]
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name("Phi2")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["n_positions"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["n_embd"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(4 * self.hparams["n_embd"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(self.hparams["n_head"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(self.hparams["n_head"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_eps(self.hparams["layer_norm_epsilon"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_count(self.hparams["rotary_dim"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_add_bos_token(False)
+
+
 ###### CONVERSION LOGIC ######
 
 
diff --git a/ggml-cuda.cu b/ggml-cuda.cu
index 0a63c1ecf..d0f3d8034 100644
--- a/ggml-cuda.cu
+++ b/ggml-cuda.cu
@@ -4998,7 +4998,16 @@ static __global__ void rope_neox(
     const int ib = col / n_dims;
     const int ic = col % n_dims;
 
-    const int i = row*ncols + ib*n_dims + ic/2;
+    if (ib > 0) {
+        const int i = row*ncols + ib*n_dims + ic;
+
+        dst[i + 0] = x[i + 0];
+        dst[i + 1] = x[i + 1];
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int i  = row*ncols + ib*n_dims + ic/2;
     const int i2 = row/p_delta_rows;
 
     float cur_rot = inv_ndims * ic - ib;
@@ -7057,6 +7066,7 @@ inline void ggml_cuda_op_upscale(
 
     (void) src1;
     (void) dst;
+    (void) src1_dd;
 }
 
 inline void ggml_cuda_op_pad(
@@ -7073,6 +7083,7 @@ inline void ggml_cuda_op_pad(
 
     (void) src1;
     (void) dst;
+    (void) src1_dd;
 }
 
 inline void ggml_cuda_op_rms_norm(
@@ -7376,7 +7387,7 @@ inline void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_cublas(
 
     const int compute_capability = g_compute_capabilities[id];
 
-    if (compute_capability >= CC_VOLTA && (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || ggml_is_quantized(src0->type)) && ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && row_diff == src0->ne[1]) {
+    if (compute_capability >= CC_VOLTA && (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || ggml_is_quantized(src0->type)) && ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && row_diff == src0->ne[1] && dst->op_params[0] == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT) {
         // convert src0 and src1 to fp16, multiply as fp16, convert dst to fp32
         half * src0_as_f16 = nullptr;
         size_t src0_as = 0;
@@ -8300,27 +8311,27 @@ static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_vec_nc(const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor
 }
 
 static __global__ void k_compute_batched_ptrs(
-        const half * src0_as_f16, const half * src1_as_f16, half * dst_f16,
+        const half * src0_as_f16, const half * src1_as_f16, char * dst,
         const void ** ptrs_src, void ** ptrs_dst,
-        int ne12, int ne13,
-        int ne23,
-        int nb02, int nb03,
-        int nb12, int nb13,
-        int nb2, int nb3,
-        int r2, int r3) {
-    int i13 = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-    int i12 = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
+        int64_t ne12, int64_t ne13,
+        int64_t ne23,
+        size_t  nb02, size_t  nb03,
+        size_t  nb12, size_t  nb13,
+        size_t  nbd2, size_t  nbd3,
+        int64_t r2,   int64_t r3) {
+    int64_t i13 = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+    int64_t i12 = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
 
     if (i13 >= ne13 || i12 >= ne12) {
         return;
     }
 
-    int i03 = i13 / r3;
-    int i02 = i12 / r2;
+    int64_t i03 = i13 / r3;
+    int64_t i02 = i12 / r2;
 
     ptrs_src[0*ne23 + i12 + i13*ne12] = (const char *) src0_as_f16 + i02*nb02   + i03*nb03;
     ptrs_src[1*ne23 + i12 + i13*ne12] = (const char *) src1_as_f16 + i12*nb12/2 + i13*nb13/2;
-    ptrs_dst[0*ne23 + i12 + i13*ne12] = (      char *)     dst_f16 + i12* nb2/2 + i13* nb3/2;
+    ptrs_dst[0*ne23 + i12 + i13*ne12] = (      char *)         dst + i12*nbd2   + i13*nbd3;
 }
 
 static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_mat_batched_cublas(const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
@@ -8376,7 +8387,41 @@ static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_mat_batched_cublas(const ggml_tensor * src0, const
     to_fp16_cuda(src1_ddf, src1_as_f16, ne1, main_stream);
 
     size_t dst_as = 0;
-    half * dst_f16 = (half *) ggml_cuda_pool_malloc(ne * sizeof(half), &dst_as);
+
+    half * dst_f16 = nullptr;
+    char * dst_t   = nullptr;
+
+    cublasComputeType_t cu_compute_type = CUBLAS_COMPUTE_16F;
+    cudaDataType_t      cu_data_type    = CUDA_R_16F;
+
+    // dst strides
+    size_t nbd2 = dst->nb[2];
+    size_t nbd3 = dst->nb[3];
+
+    const half  alpha_f16 = 1.0f;
+    const half  beta_f16  = 0.0f;
+
+    const float alpha_f32 = 1.0f;
+    const float beta_f32  = 0.0f;
+
+    const void * alpha = &alpha_f16;
+    const void * beta  = &beta_f16;
+
+    if (dst->op_params[0] == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT) {
+        dst_f16 = (half *) ggml_cuda_pool_malloc(ne * sizeof(half), &dst_as);
+        dst_t   = (char *) dst_f16;
+
+        nbd2 /= sizeof(float) / sizeof(half);
+        nbd3 /= sizeof(float) / sizeof(half);
+    } else {
+        dst_t = (char *) dst_ddf;
+
+        cu_compute_type = CUBLAS_COMPUTE_32F;
+        cu_data_type    = CUDA_R_32F;
+
+        alpha = &alpha_f32;
+        beta  = &beta_f32;
+    }
 
     GGML_ASSERT(ne12 % ne02 == 0);
     GGML_ASSERT(ne13 % ne03 == 0);
@@ -8385,9 +8430,6 @@ static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_mat_batched_cublas(const ggml_tensor * src0, const
     const int64_t r2 = ne12/ne02;
     const int64_t r3 = ne13/ne03;
 
-    const half alpha_f16 = 1.0f;
-    const half beta_f16  = 0.0f;
-
 #if 0
     // use cublasGemmEx
     {
@@ -8397,12 +8439,12 @@ static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_mat_batched_cublas(const ggml_tensor * src0, const
                 int i02 = i12 / r2;
 
                 CUBLAS_CHECK(
-                        cublasGemmEx(g_cublas_handles[id], CUBLAS_OP_T, CUBLAS_OP_N,
+                        cublasGemmEx(g_cublas_handles[g_main_device], CUBLAS_OP_T, CUBLAS_OP_N,
                             ne01, ne11, ne10,
-                            &alpha_f16, (const char *) src0_as_f16 + i02*src0->nb[2]   + i03*src0->nb[3]  , CUDA_R_16F, nb01/sizeof(half),
-                                        (const char *) src1_as_f16 + i12*src1->nb[2]/2 + i13*src1->nb[3]/2, CUDA_R_16F, nb11/sizeof(float),
-                            &beta_f16,  (      char *)     dst_f16 + i12* dst->nb[2]/2 + i13* dst->nb[3]/2, CUDA_R_16F, ne01,
-                            CUBLAS_COMPUTE_16F,
+                            alpha, (const char *) src0_as_f16 + i02*src0->nb[2]   + i03*src0->nb[3]  , CUDA_R_16F,   nb01/sizeof(half),
+                                   (const char *) src1_as_f16 + i12*src1->nb[2]/2 + i13*src1->nb[3]/2, CUDA_R_16F,   nb11/sizeof(float),
+                            beta,  (      char *)       dst_t + i12*nbd2          + i13*nbd3,          cu_data_type, ne01,
+                            cu_compute_type,
                             CUBLAS_GEMM_DEFAULT_TENSOR_OP));
             }
         }
@@ -8414,11 +8456,11 @@ static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_mat_batched_cublas(const ggml_tensor * src0, const
         CUBLAS_CHECK(
         cublasGemmStridedBatchedEx(g_cublas_handles[g_main_device], CUBLAS_OP_T, CUBLAS_OP_N,
                 ne01, ne11, ne10,
-                &alpha_f16, (const char *) src0_as_f16, CUDA_R_16F, nb01/sizeof(half),  src0->nb[2]/sizeof(half),  // strideA
-                            (const char *) src1_as_f16, CUDA_R_16F, nb11/sizeof(float), src1->nb[2]/sizeof(float), // strideB
-                &beta_f16,  (      char *)     dst_f16, CUDA_R_16F, ne01,                dst->nb[2]/sizeof(float), // strideC
+                alpha, (const char *) src0_as_f16, CUDA_R_16F,   nb01/sizeof(half),  src0->nb[2]/sizeof(half),  // strideA
+                       (const char *) src1_as_f16, CUDA_R_16F,   nb11/sizeof(float), src1->nb[2]/sizeof(float), // strideB
+                beta,  (      char *)       dst_t, cu_data_type, ne01,                dst->nb[2]/sizeof(float), // strideC
                 ne12*ne13,
-                CUBLAS_COMPUTE_16F,
+                cu_compute_type,
                 CUBLAS_GEMM_DEFAULT_TENSOR_OP));
     } else {
         // use cublasGemmBatchedEx
@@ -8435,24 +8477,24 @@ static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_mat_batched_cublas(const ggml_tensor * src0, const
 
         dim3 block_dims(ne13, ne12);
         k_compute_batched_ptrs<<<1, block_dims, 0, main_stream>>>(
-                src0_as_f16, src1_as_f16, dst_f16,
+                src0_as_f16, src1_as_f16, dst_t,
                 ptrs_src, ptrs_dst,
                 ne12, ne13,
                 ne23,
                 nb02, nb03,
                 nb12, nb13,
-                dst->nb[2], dst->nb[3],
+                nbd2, nbd3,
                 r2, r3);
         CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetLastError());
 
         CUBLAS_CHECK(
         cublasGemmBatchedEx(g_cublas_handles[g_main_device], CUBLAS_OP_T, CUBLAS_OP_N,
                 ne01, ne11, ne10,
-                &alpha_f16, (const void **) (ptrs_src + 0*ne23), CUDA_R_16F, nb01/sizeof(half),
-                            (const void **) (ptrs_src + 1*ne23), CUDA_R_16F, nb11/sizeof(float),
-                &beta_f16,  (      void **) (ptrs_dst + 0*ne23), CUDA_R_16F, ne01,
+                alpha, (const void **) (ptrs_src + 0*ne23), CUDA_R_16F,   nb01/sizeof(half),
+                       (const void **) (ptrs_src + 1*ne23), CUDA_R_16F,   nb11/sizeof(float),
+                beta,  (      void **) (ptrs_dst + 0*ne23), cu_data_type, ne01,
                 ne23,
-                CUBLAS_COMPUTE_16F,
+                cu_compute_type,
                 CUBLAS_GEMM_DEFAULT_TENSOR_OP));
 
         if (ptrs_src_s != 0) {
@@ -8464,11 +8506,14 @@ static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_mat_batched_cublas(const ggml_tensor * src0, const
     }
 #endif
 
-    const to_fp32_cuda_t to_fp32_cuda = ggml_get_to_fp32_cuda(GGML_TYPE_F16);
-    to_fp32_cuda(dst_f16, dst_ddf, ne, main_stream);
+    if (dst->op_params[0] == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT) {
+        const to_fp32_cuda_t to_fp32_cuda = ggml_get_to_fp32_cuda(GGML_TYPE_F16);
+        to_fp32_cuda(dst_f16, dst_ddf, ne, main_stream);
+
+        ggml_cuda_pool_free(dst_f16, dst_as);
+    }
 
     ggml_cuda_pool_free(src1_as_f16, src1_as);
-    ggml_cuda_pool_free(dst_f16, dst_as);
 }
 
 static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat(const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst) {
diff --git a/ggml-metal.metal b/ggml-metal.metal
index fe0ada445..d5b54e112 100644
--- a/ggml-metal.metal
+++ b/ggml-metal.metal
@@ -1702,8 +1702,9 @@ kernel void kernel_rope(
             dst_data[1] = x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta;
         }
     } else {
-        for (int64_t ib = 0; ib < ne0/n_dims; ++ib) {
-            for (int64_t ic = 2*tiitg; ic < n_dims; ic += 2*tptg.x) {
+        for (int64_t ic = 2*tiitg; ic < ne0; ic += 2*tptg.x) {
+            if (ic < n_dims) {
+                const int64_t ib = 0;
 
                 // simplified from `(ib * n_dims + ic) * inv_ndims`
                 const float cur_rot = inv_ndims*ic - ib;
@@ -1722,6 +1723,14 @@ kernel void kernel_rope(
 
                 dst_data[0]        = x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta;
                 dst_data[n_dims/2] = x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta;
+            } else {
+                const int64_t i0 = ic;
+
+                device const T * const src = (device T *)((device char *) src0 + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
+                device       T * dst_data  = (device T *)((device char *)  dst + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + i0*nb0);
+
+                dst_data[0] = src[0];
+                dst_data[1] = src[1];
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/ggml.c b/ggml.c
index ad546a731..6da65bd92 100644
--- a/ggml.c
+++ b/ggml.c
@@ -4098,6 +4098,14 @@ struct ggml_tensor * ggml_mul_mat(
     return result;
 }
 
+void ggml_mul_mat_set_prec(
+        struct ggml_tensor * a,
+        enum ggml_prec       prec) {
+    const int32_t prec_i32 = (int32_t) prec;
+
+    ggml_set_op_params_i32(a, 0, prec_i32);
+}
+
 // ggml_mul_mat_id
 
 struct ggml_tensor * ggml_mul_mat_id(
@@ -9168,6 +9176,8 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_norm_f32(
     float eps;
     memcpy(&eps, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
 
+    GGML_ASSERT(eps > 0.0f);
+
     // TODO: optimize
     for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
         for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
@@ -9237,6 +9247,8 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rms_norm_f32(
     float eps;
     memcpy(&eps, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
 
+    GGML_ASSERT(eps > 0.0f);
+
     // TODO: optimize
     for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
         for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
@@ -11562,10 +11574,13 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f32(
                     }
                 } else {
                     // TODO: this might be wrong for ne0 != n_dims - need double check
-                    // ref:  https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/main/src/transformers/models/gpt_neox/modeling_gpt_neox.py#LL251C1-L294C28
+                    //       it seems we have to rope just the first n_dims elements and do nothing with the rest
+                    // ref:  https://github.com/ml-explore/mlx/blob/dc2edc762c797e3b8de50b1dad4dc0a131691033/benchmarks/python/llama_jax_bench.py#L11-L26
                     theta_base *= freq_scale;
-                    for (int64_t ib = 0; ib < ne0/n_dims; ++ib) {
-                        for (int64_t ic = 0; ic < n_dims; ic += 2) {
+                    for (int64_t ic = 0; ic < ne0; ic += 2) {
+                        if (ic < n_dims) {
+                            const int64_t ib = 0;
+
                             // simplified from `(ib * n_dims + ic) * inv_ndims`
                             float cur_rot = inv_ndims * ic - ib;
 
@@ -11588,6 +11603,14 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f32(
 
                             dst_data[0]        = x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta;
                             dst_data[n_dims/2] = x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta;
+                        } else {
+                            const int64_t i0 = ic;
+
+                            const float * const src = (float *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
+                                  float * dst_data  = (float *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + i0*nb0);
+
+                            dst_data[0] = src[0];
+                            dst_data[1] = src[1];
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -11715,10 +11738,13 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f16(
                     }
                 } else {
                     // TODO: this might be wrong for ne0 != n_dims - need double check
-                    // ref:  https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/main/src/transformers/models/gpt_neox/modeling_gpt_neox.py#LL251C1-L294C28
+                    //       it seems we have to rope just the first n_dims elements and do nothing with the rest
+                    // ref:  https://github.com/ml-explore/mlx/blob/dc2edc762c797e3b8de50b1dad4dc0a131691033/benchmarks/python/llama_jax_bench.py#L11-L26
                     theta_base *= freq_scale;
-                    for (int64_t ib = 0; ib < ne0/n_dims; ++ib) {
-                        for (int64_t ic = 0; ic < n_dims; ic += 2) {
+                    for (int64_t ic = 0; ic < ne0; ic += 2) {
+                        if (ic < n_dims) {
+                            const int64_t ib = 0;
+
                             // simplified from `(ib * n_dims + ic) * inv_ndims`
                             float cur_rot = inv_ndims * ic - ib;
 
@@ -11741,6 +11767,14 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rope_f16(
 
                             dst_data[0]        = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x0*cos_theta - x1*sin_theta);
                             dst_data[n_dims/2] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x0*sin_theta + x1*cos_theta);
+                        } else {
+                            const int64_t i0 = ic;
+
+                            const ggml_fp16_t * const src = (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
+                                  ggml_fp16_t * dst_data  = (ggml_fp16_t *)((char *)  dst->data + i3*nb3  + i2*nb2  + i1*nb1  + i0*nb0);
+
+                            dst_data[0] = src[0];
+                            dst_data[1] = src[1];
                         }
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/ggml.h b/ggml.h
index 68f7833b6..f1003984f 100644
--- a/ggml.h
+++ b/ggml.h
@@ -343,6 +343,12 @@ extern "C" {
         GGML_TYPE_COUNT,
     };
 
+    // precision
+    enum ggml_prec {
+        GGML_PREC_DEFAULT,
+        GGML_PREC_F32,
+    };
+
     enum ggml_backend_type {
         GGML_BACKEND_CPU = 0,
         GGML_BACKEND_GPU = 10,
@@ -1057,6 +1063,12 @@ extern "C" {
             struct ggml_tensor  * a,
             struct ggml_tensor  * b);
 
+    // change the precision of a matrix multiplication
+    // set to GGML_PREC_F32 for higher precision (useful for phi-2)
+    GGML_API void ggml_mul_mat_set_prec(
+            struct ggml_tensor * a,
+            enum ggml_prec       prec);
+
     // indirect matrix multiplication
     //  ggml_mul_mat_id(ctx, as, ids, id, b) ~= ggml_mul_mat(as[ids[id]], b)
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_mul_mat_id(
diff --git a/gguf-py/gguf/constants.py b/gguf-py/gguf/constants.py
index 12133882b..390dca049 100644
--- a/gguf-py/gguf/constants.py
+++ b/gguf-py/gguf/constants.py
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ class MODEL_ARCH(IntEnum):
     BLOOM     = auto()
     STABLELM  = auto()
     QWEN      = auto()
+    PHI2      = auto()
 
 
 class MODEL_TENSOR(IntEnum):
@@ -140,6 +141,7 @@ MODEL_ARCH_NAMES: dict[MODEL_ARCH, str] = {
     MODEL_ARCH.BLOOM:          "bloom",
     MODEL_ARCH.STABLELM:       "stablelm",
     MODEL_ARCH.QWEN:           "qwen",
+    MODEL_ARCH.PHI2:           "phi2",
 }
 
 TENSOR_NAMES: dict[MODEL_TENSOR, str] = {
@@ -350,6 +352,17 @@ MODEL_TENSORS: dict[MODEL_ARCH, list[MODEL_TENSOR]] = {
     MODEL_ARCH.GPT2: [
         # TODO
     ],
+    MODEL_ARCH.PHI2: [
+        MODEL_TENSOR.TOKEN_EMBD,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.OUTPUT_NORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.OUTPUT,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_NORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_QKV,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_OUT,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_NORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_DOWN,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_UP,
+    ]
     # TODO
 }
 
diff --git a/gguf-py/gguf/tensor_mapping.py b/gguf-py/gguf/tensor_mapping.py
index 0115ea1c6..6fcbdbc1c 100644
--- a/gguf-py/gguf/tensor_mapping.py
+++ b/gguf-py/gguf/tensor_mapping.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "tok_embeddings",                            # llama-pth
             "embeddings.word_embeddings",                # bert
             "language_model.embedding.word_embeddings",  # persimmon
+            "transformer.embd.wte",                      # phi2
         ),
 
         # Token type embeddings
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "lm_head",                   # gpt2 mpt falcon llama-hf baichuan qwen
             "output",                    # llama-pth bloom
             "word_embeddings_for_head",  # persimmon
+            "lm_head.linear",            # phi2
         ),
 
         # Output norm
@@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "transformer.norm_f",                      # mpt
             "ln_f",                                    # refact bloom qwen
             "language_model.encoder.final_layernorm",  # persimmon
+            "lm_head.ln",                              # phi2
         ),
 
         # Rope frequencies
@@ -75,6 +78,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "encoder.layer.{bid}.attention.output.LayerNorm",       # bert
             "language_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.input_layernorm",  # persimmon
             "model.layers.{bid}.ln1",                               # yi
+            "transformer.h.{bid}.ln",                               # phi2
         ),
 
         # Attention norm 2
@@ -90,6 +94,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "transformer.h.{bid}.self_attention.query_key_value",                  # falcon
             "h.{bid}.self_attention.query_key_value",                              # bloom
             "language_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attention.query_key_value",  # persimmon
+            "transformer.h.{bid}.mixer.Wqkv",                                      # phi2
         ),
 
         # Attention query
@@ -128,6 +133,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "encoder.layer.{bid}.attention.output.dense",                # bert
             "transformer.h.{bid}.attn.out_proj",                         # gpt-j
             "language_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attention.dense",  # persimmon
+            "transformer.h.{bid}.mixer.out_proj",                        # phi2
         ),
 
         # Rotary embeddings
@@ -167,6 +173,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "transformer.h.{bid}.mlp.fc_in",                          # gpt-j
             "language_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.mlp.dense_h_to_4h",  # persimmon
             "transformer.h.{bid}.mlp.w1",                             # qwen
+            "transformer.h.{bid}.mlp.fc1",                            # phi2
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_UP_EXP: (
@@ -198,6 +205,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "encoder.layer.{bid}.output.dense",                       # bert
             "transformer.h.{bid}.mlp.fc_out",                         # gpt-j
             "language_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.mlp.dense_4h_to_h",  # persimmon
+            "transformer.h.{bid}.mlp.fc2",                            # phi2
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_DOWN_EXP: (
diff --git a/llama.cpp b/llama.cpp
index 99facbf77..edd2910b3 100644
--- a/llama.cpp
+++ b/llama.cpp
@@ -195,6 +195,7 @@ enum llm_arch {
     LLM_ARCH_BLOOM,
     LLM_ARCH_STABLELM,
     LLM_ARCH_QWEN,
+    LLM_ARCH_PHI2,
     LLM_ARCH_UNKNOWN,
 };
 
@@ -212,6 +213,7 @@ static std::map<llm_arch, std::string> LLM_ARCH_NAMES = {
     { LLM_ARCH_BLOOM,           "bloom"     },
     { LLM_ARCH_STABLELM,        "stablelm"  },
     { LLM_ARCH_QWEN,            "qwen"      },
+    { LLM_ARCH_PHI2,            "phi2"      },
 };
 
 enum llm_kv {
@@ -550,6 +552,19 @@ static std::map<llm_arch, std::map<llm_tensor, std::string>> LLM_TENSOR_NAMES =
             { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
         },
     },
+    {
+        LLM_ARCH_PHI2,
+        {
+            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,        "blk.%d.attn_qkv" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
+        },
+    },
 
     {
         LLM_ARCH_UNKNOWN,
@@ -1420,6 +1435,7 @@ struct llama_model {
     struct ggml_tensor * output_norm;
     struct ggml_tensor * output_norm_b;
     struct ggml_tensor * output;
+    struct ggml_tensor * output_b;
 
     std::vector<llama_layer> layers;
 
@@ -2635,6 +2651,15 @@ static void llm_load_hparams(
                     default: model.type = e_model::MODEL_UNKNOWN;
                 }
             } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_PHI2:
+            {
+                ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS, hparams.f_norm_eps);
+
+                switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+                    case 32: model.type = e_model::MODEL_3B; break;
+                    default: model.type = e_model::MODEL_UNKNOWN;
+                }
+            } break;
 
         default: (void)0;
     }
@@ -2987,7 +3012,7 @@ static void llm_load_tensors(
 
     (void) main_gpu;
 
-    enum ggml_backend_type llama_backend_offload = GGML_BACKEND_CPU;
+    enum ggml_backend_type llama_backend_offload       = GGML_BACKEND_CPU;
     enum ggml_backend_type llama_backend_offload_split = GGML_BACKEND_CPU;
 
 #ifdef GGML_USE_CUBLAS
@@ -3630,7 +3655,73 @@ static void llm_load_tensors(
                         }
                     }
                 } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_PHI2:
+                {
+                    model.tok_embd = ml.create_tensor(ctx, tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, GGML_BACKEND_CPU);
 
+                    // output
+                    {
+                        ggml_backend_type backend_norm;
+                        ggml_backend_type backend_output;
+
+                        if (n_gpu_layers > int(n_layer)) {
+                            backend_norm   = llama_backend_offload;
+                            backend_output = llama_backend_offload;
+                        } else {
+                            backend_norm   = GGML_BACKEND_CPU;
+                            backend_output = GGML_BACKEND_CPU;
+                        }
+
+                        model.output_norm   = ml.create_tensor(ctx, tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd},          backend_norm);
+                        model.output_norm_b = ml.create_tensor(ctx, tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "bias"),   {n_embd},          backend_norm);
+                        model.output        = ml.create_tensor(ctx, tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, backend_output);
+                        model.output_b      = ml.create_tensor(ctx, tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "bias"),   {n_vocab},         backend_output);
+
+                        if (backend_norm == GGML_BACKEND_GPU) {
+                            vram_weights += ggml_nbytes(model.output_norm);
+                            vram_weights += ggml_nbytes(model.output_norm_b);
+                            vram_weights += ggml_nbytes(model.output);
+                            vram_weights += ggml_nbytes(model.output_b);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    const uint32_t n_ff = hparams.n_ff;
+
+                    const int i_gpu_start = n_layer - n_gpu_layers;
+
+                    model.layers.resize(n_layer);
+
+                    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        const ggml_backend_type backend       = int(i) < i_gpu_start ? GGML_BACKEND_CPU : llama_backend_offload; // NOLINT
+                        const ggml_backend_type backend_split = int(i) < i_gpu_start ? GGML_BACKEND_CPU : llama_backend_offload_split; // NOLINT
+
+                        auto & layer = model.layers[i];
+
+                        layer.attn_norm   = ml.create_tensor(ctx, tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, backend);
+                        layer.attn_norm_b = ml.create_tensor(ctx, tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "bias", i),   {n_embd}, backend);
+
+                        layer.wqkv = ml.create_tensor(ctx, tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd + 2*n_embd_gqa}, backend_split);
+                        layer.bqkv = ml.create_tensor(ctx, tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV, "bias", i),   {n_embd + 2*n_embd_gqa},         backend);
+
+                        layer.wo   = ml.create_tensor(ctx, tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd}, backend_split);
+                        layer.bo   = ml.create_tensor(ctx, tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "bias", i),   {n_embd},         backend);
+
+                        layer.ffn_down   = ml.create_tensor(ctx, tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {n_ff, n_embd}, backend_split);
+                        layer.ffn_down_b = ml.create_tensor(ctx, tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "bias", i),   {n_embd},       backend);
+
+                        layer.ffn_up   = ml.create_tensor(ctx, tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff}, backend_split);
+                        layer.ffn_up_b = ml.create_tensor(ctx, tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP, "bias", i),   {n_ff},         backend);
+
+                        if (backend == GGML_BACKEND_GPU) {
+                            vram_weights +=
+                                ggml_nbytes(layer.attn_norm) + ggml_nbytes(layer.attn_norm_b) +
+                                ggml_nbytes(layer.wqkv)      + ggml_nbytes(layer.bqkv)        +
+                                ggml_nbytes(layer.wo)        + ggml_nbytes(layer.bo)          +
+                                ggml_nbytes(layer.ffn_up)    + ggml_nbytes(layer.ffn_up_b)    +
+                                ggml_nbytes(layer.ffn_down)  + ggml_nbytes(layer.ffn_down_b);
+                        }
+                    }
+                } break;
             default:
                 throw std::runtime_error("unknown architecture");
         }
@@ -3991,6 +4082,7 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * llm_build_ffn(
 // if max_alibi_bias > 0 then apply ALiBi
 static struct ggml_tensor * llm_build_kqv(
         struct ggml_context * ctx,
+          const llama_model & model,
         const llama_hparams & hparams,
        const llama_kv_cache & kv,
          struct ggml_tensor * wo,
@@ -4002,6 +4094,7 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * llm_build_kqv(
                     int32_t   n_tokens,
                     int32_t   n_kv,
                     float     max_alibi_bias,
+                    float     scale,
          const llm_build_cb & cb,
                     int       il) {
     const int64_t n_embd      = hparams.n_embd;
@@ -4024,6 +4117,12 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * llm_build_kqv(
     struct ggml_tensor * kq = ggml_mul_mat(ctx, k, q);
     cb(kq, "kq", il);
 
+    if (model.arch == LLM_ARCH_PHI2) {
+        // for this arch, we need to perform the KQ multiplication with F32 precision, otherwise we get NaNs
+        // ref: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/4490#issuecomment-1859055847
+        ggml_mul_mat_set_prec(kq, GGML_PREC_F32);
+    }
+
     if (max_alibi_bias > 0.0f) {
         // temporary branch until we figure out how to handle ggml_alibi through ggml_add
         kq = ggml_scale(ctx, kq, kq_scale);
@@ -4043,7 +4142,7 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * llm_build_kqv(
         kq = ggml_soft_max(ctx, kq);
         cb(kq, "kq_soft_max", il);
     } else {
-        kq = ggml_soft_max_ext(ctx, kq, kq_mask, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)));
+        kq = ggml_soft_max_ext(ctx, kq, kq_mask, scale);
         cb(kq, "kq_soft_max_ext", il);
     }
 
@@ -4250,9 +4349,9 @@ struct llm_build_context {
 
                 llm_build_kv_store(ctx0, hparams, kv_self, gf, Kcur, Vcur, n_ctx, n_tokens, kv_head, cb, il);
 
-                cur = llm_build_kqv(ctx0, hparams, kv_self,
+                cur = llm_build_kqv(ctx0, model, hparams, kv_self,
                         model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, KQ_scale, KQ_mask, n_ctx, n_tokens, n_kv, -1.0f, cb, il);
+                        Qcur, KQ_scale, KQ_mask, n_ctx, n_tokens, n_kv, -1.0f, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), cb, il);
                 cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
             }
 
@@ -4433,9 +4532,9 @@ struct llm_build_context {
                 // apply ALiBi for 13B model
                 const float max_alibi_bias = model.type == MODEL_13B ? 8.0f : -1.0f;
 
-                cur = llm_build_kqv(ctx0, hparams, kv_self,
+                cur = llm_build_kqv(ctx0, model, hparams, kv_self,
                         model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, KQ_scale, KQ_mask, n_ctx, n_tokens, n_kv, max_alibi_bias, cb, il);
+                        Qcur, KQ_scale, KQ_mask, n_ctx, n_tokens, n_kv, max_alibi_bias, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), cb, il);
                 cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
             }
 
@@ -4557,9 +4656,9 @@ struct llm_build_context {
 
                 llm_build_kv_store(ctx0, hparams, kv_self, gf, Kcur, Vcur, n_ctx, n_tokens, kv_head, cb, il);
 
-                cur = llm_build_kqv(ctx0, hparams, kv_self,
+                cur = llm_build_kqv(ctx0, model, hparams, kv_self,
                         model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, KQ_scale, KQ_mask, n_ctx, n_tokens, n_kv, -1.0f, cb, il);
+                        Qcur, KQ_scale, KQ_mask, n_ctx, n_tokens, n_kv, -1.0f, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), cb, il);
                 cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
             }
 
@@ -4657,9 +4756,9 @@ struct llm_build_context {
 
                 llm_build_kv_store(ctx0, hparams, kv_self, gf, Kcur, Vcur, n_ctx, n_tokens, kv_head, cb, il);
 
-                cur = llm_build_kqv(ctx0, hparams, kv_self,
+                cur = llm_build_kqv(ctx0, model, hparams, kv_self,
                         model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, KQ_scale, KQ_mask, n_ctx, n_tokens, n_kv, -1.0f, cb, il);
+                        Qcur, KQ_scale, KQ_mask, n_ctx, n_tokens, n_kv, -1.0f, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), cb, il);
                 cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
             }
 
@@ -4866,9 +4965,9 @@ struct llm_build_context {
                 llm_build_kv_store(ctx0, hparams, kv_self, gf, Kcur, Vcur, n_ctx, n_tokens, kv_head, cb, il);
 
                 // TODO: not tested, could be broken
-                cur = llm_build_kqv(ctx0, hparams, kv_self,
+                cur = llm_build_kqv(ctx0, model, hparams, kv_self,
                         model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Q, KQ_scale, KQ_mask, n_ctx, n_tokens, n_kv, -1.0f, cb, il);
+                        Q, KQ_scale, KQ_mask, n_ctx, n_tokens, n_kv, -1.0f, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), cb, il);
                 cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
             }
 
@@ -4957,9 +5056,9 @@ struct llm_build_context {
 
                 llm_build_kv_store(ctx0, hparams, kv_self, gf, Kcur, Vcur, n_ctx, n_tokens, kv_head, cb, il);
 
-                cur = llm_build_kqv(ctx0, hparams, kv_self,
+                cur = llm_build_kqv(ctx0, model, hparams, kv_self,
                         model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, KQ_scale, KQ_mask, n_ctx, n_tokens, n_kv, 8.0f, cb, il);
+                        Qcur, KQ_scale, KQ_mask, n_ctx, n_tokens, n_kv, 8.0f, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), cb, il);
                 cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
             }
 
@@ -5054,9 +5153,9 @@ struct llm_build_context {
 
                 llm_build_kv_store(ctx0, hparams, kv_self, gf, Kcur, Vcur, n_ctx, n_tokens, kv_head, cb, il);
 
-                cur = llm_build_kqv(ctx0, hparams, kv_self,
+                cur = llm_build_kqv(ctx0, model, hparams, kv_self,
                         model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
-                        Qcur, KQ_scale, KQ_mask, n_ctx, n_tokens, n_kv, 8.0f, cb, il);
+                        Qcur, KQ_scale, KQ_mask, n_ctx, n_tokens, n_kv, 8.0f, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), cb, il);
                 cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
             }
 
@@ -5148,9 +5247,9 @@ struct llm_build_context {
 
                 llm_build_kv_store(ctx0, hparams, kv_self, gf, Kcur, Vcur, n_ctx, n_tokens, kv_head, cb, il);
 
-                cur = llm_build_kqv(ctx0, hparams, kv_self,
+                cur = llm_build_kqv(ctx0, model, hparams, kv_self,
                         model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, KQ_scale, KQ_mask, n_ctx, n_tokens, n_kv, hparams.f_max_alibi_bias, cb, il);
+                        Qcur, KQ_scale, KQ_mask, n_ctx, n_tokens, n_kv, hparams.f_max_alibi_bias, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), cb, il);
                 cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
             }
 
@@ -5261,9 +5360,9 @@ struct llm_build_context {
 
                 llm_build_kv_store(ctx0, hparams, kv_self, gf, Kcur, Vcur, n_ctx, n_tokens, kv_head, cb, il);
 
-                cur = llm_build_kqv(ctx0, hparams, kv_self,
+                cur = llm_build_kqv(ctx0, model, hparams, kv_self,
                         model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, KQ_scale, KQ_mask, n_ctx, n_tokens, n_kv, -1.0f, cb, il);
+                        Qcur, KQ_scale, KQ_mask, n_ctx, n_tokens, n_kv, -1.0f, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), cb, il);
                 cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
             }
 
@@ -5320,15 +5419,15 @@ struct llm_build_context {
         cb(inpL, "inp_embd", -1);
 
         // inp_pos - contains the positions
-        struct ggml_tensor * inp_pos= ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, n_tokens);
+        struct ggml_tensor * inp_pos = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, n_tokens);
         cb(inp_pos, "inp_pos", -1);
 
         // KQ_scale
-        struct ggml_tensor * KQ_scale= ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, 1);
+        struct ggml_tensor * KQ_scale = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, 1);
         cb(KQ_scale, "KQ_scale", -1);
 
         // KQ_mask (mask for 1 head, it will be broadcasted to all heads)
-        struct ggml_tensor * KQ_mask= ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_kv, n_tokens, 1);
+        struct ggml_tensor * KQ_mask = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_kv, n_tokens, 1);
         cb(KQ_mask, "KQ_mask", -1);
 
         // shift the entire K-cache if needed
@@ -5378,9 +5477,9 @@ struct llm_build_context {
 
                 llm_build_kv_store(ctx0, hparams, kv_self, gf, Kcur, Vcur, n_ctx, n_tokens, kv_head, cb, il);
 
-                cur = llm_build_kqv(ctx0, hparams, kv_self,
+                cur = llm_build_kqv(ctx0, model, hparams, kv_self,
                         model.layers[il].wo, NULL,
-                        Qcur, KQ_scale, KQ_mask, n_ctx, n_tokens, n_kv, -1.0f, cb, il);
+                        Qcur, KQ_scale, KQ_mask, n_ctx, n_tokens, n_kv, -1.0f, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)), cb, il);
                 cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
             }
 
@@ -5422,6 +5521,122 @@ struct llm_build_context {
 
         ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
 
+        return gf;
+    }
+    struct ggml_cgraph * build_phi2() {
+        struct ggml_cgraph * gf = ggml_new_graph_custom(ctx0, LLAMA_MAX_NODES, false);
+
+        struct ggml_tensor * cur;
+        struct ggml_tensor * attn_norm_output;
+        struct ggml_tensor * ffn_output;
+        struct ggml_tensor * inpL;
+
+        inpL = llm_build_inp_embd(ctx0, hparams, batch, model.tok_embd, cb);
+        cb(inpL, "inp_embd", -1);
+
+        // inp_pos - contains the positions
+        struct ggml_tensor * inp_pos = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, n_tokens);
+        cb(inp_pos, "inp_pos", -1);
+
+        // Q_scale
+        struct ggml_tensor * Q_scale = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, 1);
+        cb(Q_scale, "Q_scale", -1);
+
+        // KQ_scale
+        struct ggml_tensor * KQ_scale = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, 1);
+        cb(KQ_scale, "KQ_scale", -1);
+
+        // KQ_mask (mask for 1 head, it will be broadcasted to all heads)
+        struct ggml_tensor * KQ_mask = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_kv, n_tokens, 1);
+        cb(KQ_mask, "KQ_mask", -1);
+
+        // shift the entire K-cache if needed
+        if (do_rope_shift) {
+            llm_build_k_shift(ctx0, hparams, cparams, kv_self, gf, LLM_ROPE_NEOX, n_ctx, n_embd_head, freq_base, freq_scale, cb);
+        }
+
+        for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+            attn_norm_output = llm_build_norm(ctx0, inpL, hparams,
+                    model.layers[il].attn_norm,
+                    model.layers[il].attn_norm_b,
+                    LLM_NORM, cb, il);
+            cb(attn_norm_output, "attn_norm", il);
+
+            // self-attention
+            {
+                cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.layers[il].wqkv, attn_norm_output);
+                cb(cur, "wqkv", il);
+
+                cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.layers[il].bqkv);
+                cb(cur, "bqkv", il);
+
+                struct ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd,     n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
+                struct ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd)));
+                struct ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd_gqa, n_tokens, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*(n_embd + n_embd_gqa)));
+
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head, n_head,    n_tokens);
+                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head, n_head_kv, n_tokens);
+
+                Qcur = ggml_rope_custom(
+                    ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, hparams.n_rot, 2, 0, n_orig_ctx,
+                    freq_base, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                );
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+                Qcur = ggml_scale(ctx0, Qcur, Q_scale);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+                Kcur = ggml_rope_custom(
+                    ctx0, Kcur, inp_pos, hparams.n_rot, 2, 0, n_orig_ctx,
+                    freq_base, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow
+                );
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+                llm_build_kv_store(ctx0, hparams, kv_self, gf, Kcur, Vcur, n_ctx, n_tokens, kv_head, cb, il);
+
+                cur = llm_build_kqv(ctx0, model, hparams, kv_self,
+                        model.layers[il].wo, model.layers[il].bo,
+                        Qcur, KQ_scale, KQ_mask, n_ctx, n_tokens, n_kv, -1.0f, 1.0f, cb, il);
+                cb(cur, "kqv_out", il);
+            }
+
+            // FF
+            {
+                ffn_output = llm_build_ffn(ctx0, attn_norm_output,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_up,   model.layers[il].ffn_up_b,
+                        NULL,                      NULL,
+                        model.layers[il].ffn_down, model.layers[il].ffn_down_b,
+                        LLM_FFN_GELU, LLM_FFN_SEQ, cb, il);
+                cb(ffn_output, "ffn_out", il);
+            }
+
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, ffn_output);
+            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+            cb(cur, "l_out", il);
+
+            inpL = cur;
+        }
+
+        cur = llm_build_norm(ctx0, inpL, hparams,
+                model.output_norm,
+                model.output_norm_b,
+                LLM_NORM, cb, -1);
+        cb(cur, "result_norm", -1);
+
+        cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.output, cur);
+        cb(cur, "result_output_no_bias", -1);
+
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.output_b);
+        cb(cur, "result_output", -1);
+
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+
         return gf;
     }
 };
@@ -5437,7 +5652,7 @@ enum llm_offload_func_e {
     OFFLOAD_FUNC_FRC, // force offload
     OFFLOAD_FUNC_KQV,
     OFFLOAD_FUNC_NR,
-    OFFLOAD_FUNC_EMB,
+    OFFLOAD_FUNC_EMB, // embeddings
     OFFLOAD_FUNC_OUT,
 };
 
@@ -5522,6 +5737,7 @@ static const std::unordered_map<const char *, llm_offload_func_e> k_offload_map
     { "pos_embd",                   OFFLOAD_FUNC_NR  },
 
     { "inp_pos",                    OFFLOAD_FUNC_FRC }, // this is often used for KQ ops (e.g. rope)
+    { "Q_scale",                    OFFLOAD_FUNC_FRC },
     { "KQ_scale",                   OFFLOAD_FUNC_FRC },
     { "KQ_mask",                    OFFLOAD_FUNC_FRC },
     { "K_shift",                    OFFLOAD_FUNC_FRC },
@@ -5606,6 +5822,7 @@ static const std::unordered_map<const char *, llm_offload_func_e> k_offload_map
     { "l_out",                      OFFLOAD_FUNC     },
 
     { "result_norm",                OFFLOAD_FUNC_EMB },
+    { "result_output_no_bias",      OFFLOAD_FUNC_EMB },
     { "result_output",              OFFLOAD_FUNC_OUT },
 };
 
@@ -5623,6 +5840,7 @@ static struct ggml_cgraph * llama_build_graph(
     bool alloc_inp_tokens   = false;
     bool alloc_inp_embd     = false;
     bool alloc_inp_pos      = false;
+    bool alloc_inp_Q_scale  = false;
     bool alloc_inp_KQ_scale = false;
     bool alloc_inp_KQ_mask  = false;
     bool alloc_inp_K_shift  = false;
@@ -5690,7 +5908,7 @@ static struct ggml_cgraph * llama_build_graph(
             alloc_inp_pos = true;
         }
 
-        if (!alloc_inp_KQ_scale && strcmp(name, "KQ_scale") == 0) {
+        if (!alloc_inp_Q_scale && strcmp(name, "Q_scale") == 0) {
             ggml_allocr_alloc(lctx.alloc, cur);
 
             if (!ggml_allocr_is_measure(lctx.alloc)) {
@@ -5698,6 +5916,23 @@ static struct ggml_cgraph * llama_build_graph(
                 ggml_set_f32(cur, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)));
             }
 
+            alloc_inp_Q_scale = true;
+        }
+
+        if (!alloc_inp_KQ_scale && strcmp(name, "KQ_scale") == 0) {
+            ggml_allocr_alloc(lctx.alloc, cur);
+
+            if (!ggml_allocr_is_measure(lctx.alloc)) {
+                const int64_t n_embd_head = model.hparams.n_embd_head();
+                if (model.arch == LLM_ARCH_PHI2) {
+                    // with phi2, we scale the Q to avoid precision issues
+                    // ref: https://github.com/ml-explore/mlx-examples/blob/08e862336ade809bc37d1035f94b359e7d1a5152/phi2/phi2.py#L64-L66
+                    ggml_set_f32(cur, 1.0f);
+                } else {
+                    ggml_set_f32(cur, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head)));
+                }
+            }
+
             alloc_inp_KQ_scale = true;
         }
 
@@ -5922,6 +6157,10 @@ static struct ggml_cgraph * llama_build_graph(
             {
                 result = llm.build_qwen();
             } break;
+        case LLM_ARCH_PHI2:
+            {
+                result = llm.build_phi2();
+            } break;
         default:
             GGML_ASSERT(false);
     }
@@ -6055,12 +6294,16 @@ static int llama_decode_internal(
 
     ggml_allocr_alloc_graph(lctx.alloc, gf);
 
-    struct ggml_tensor * res        = gf->nodes[gf->n_nodes - 1];
+    // the output is always the last tensor in the graph
+    struct ggml_tensor * res = gf->nodes[gf->n_nodes - 1];
+    GGML_ASSERT(strcmp(res->name, "result_output") == 0);
+
+    // the embeddings could be the second to last tensor, or the third to last tensor
     struct ggml_tensor * embeddings = gf->nodes[gf->n_nodes - 2];
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(strcmp(res->name,        "result_output") == 0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(strcmp(embeddings->name, "result_norm")   == 0);
-
+    if (strcmp(embeddings->name, "result_norm") != 0) {
+        embeddings = gf->nodes[gf->n_nodes - 3];
+        GGML_ASSERT(strcmp(embeddings->name, "result_norm") == 0);
+    }
 
 #ifdef GGML_USE_CUBLAS
     for (int i = 0; i < gf->n_leafs; i++) {
diff --git a/tests/test-backend-ops.cpp b/tests/test-backend-ops.cpp
index df2c3fb6e..f04b9438a 100644
--- a/tests/test-backend-ops.cpp
+++ b/tests/test-backend-ops.cpp
@@ -1555,6 +1555,7 @@ static bool test_backend(ggml_backend_t backend, test_mode mode, const char * op
         test_cases.emplace_back(new test_rope(type, { 64,   8, 10, 1},  64, 2, 512)); // neox (falcon 40B)
         test_cases.emplace_back(new test_rope(type, { 64, 128, 10, 1},  64, 2, 512)); // neox (falcon 40B)
         test_cases.emplace_back(new test_rope(type, { 80,  32, 10, 1},  20, 2, 512)); // neox (stablelm)
+        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_rope(type, { 80,  32, 10, 1},  32, 2, 512)); // neox (phi-2)
     }
 
     test_cases.emplace_back(new test_alibi());

From 6ff39b129d0281d045f83d515e51b7197b44b253 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Dec 2023 20:05:12 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 16/20] llama.swiftui : add more models

---
 .../llama.cpp.swift/LibLlama.swift            |  2 +-
 .../llama.swiftui/UI/ContentView.swift        | 31 +++++++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.cpp.swift/LibLlama.swift b/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.cpp.swift/LibLlama.swift
index 272e1fd8a..464fb3277 100644
--- a/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.cpp.swift/LibLlama.swift
+++ b/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.cpp.swift/LibLlama.swift
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ actor LlamaContext {
         var pp_std: Double = 0
         var tg_std: Double = 0
 
-        for r in 0..<nr {
+        for _ in 0..<nr {
             // bench prompt processing
 
             llama_batch_clear(&batch)
diff --git a/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui/UI/ContentView.swift b/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui/UI/ContentView.swift
index 219bf4dc1..9cbe8efd6 100644
--- a/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui/UI/ContentView.swift
+++ b/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui/UI/ContentView.swift
@@ -75,21 +75,48 @@ struct ContentView: View {
             VStack {
                 DownloadButton(
                     llamaState: llamaState,
-                    modelName: "TinyLlama-1.1B (Q4_0)",
+                    modelName: "TinyLlama-1.1B (Q4_0, 0.6 GiB)",
                     modelUrl: "https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/TinyLlama-1.1B-1T-OpenOrca-GGUF/resolve/main/tinyllama-1.1b-1t-openorca.Q4_0.gguf?download=true",
                     filename: "tinyllama-1.1b-1t-openorca.Q4_0.gguf"
                 )
                 .font(.system(size: 12))
                 .padding(.top, 4)
+                .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, alignment: .leading)
 
                 DownloadButton(
                     llamaState: llamaState,
-                    modelName: "TinyLlama-1.1B (Q8_0)",
+                    modelName: "TinyLlama-1.1B (Q8_0, 1.1 GiB)",
                     modelUrl: "https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/TinyLlama-1.1B-1T-OpenOrca-GGUF/resolve/main/tinyllama-1.1b-1t-openorca.Q8_0.gguf?download=true",
                     filename: "tinyllama-1.1b-1t-openorca.Q8_0.gguf"
                 )
                 .font(.system(size: 12))
 
+                DownloadButton(
+                    llamaState: llamaState,
+                    modelName: "Phi-2.7B (Q4_0, 1.6 GiB)",
+                    modelUrl: "https://huggingface.co/ggml-org/models/resolve/main/phi-2/ggml-model-q4_0.gguf?download=true",
+                    filename: "phi-2-q4_0.gguf"
+                )
+                .font(.system(size: 12))
+                .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, alignment: .leading)
+
+                DownloadButton(
+                    llamaState: llamaState,
+                    modelName: "Phi-2.7B (Q8_0, 2.8 GiB)",
+                    modelUrl: "https://huggingface.co/ggml-org/models/resolve/main/phi-2/ggml-model-q8_0.gguf?download=true",
+                    filename: "phi-2-q8_0.gguf"
+                )
+                .font(.system(size: 12))
+
+                DownloadButton(
+                    llamaState: llamaState,
+                    modelName: "Mistral-7B-v0.1 (Q4_0, 3.8 GiB)",
+                    modelUrl: "https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Mistral-7B-v0.1-GGUF/resolve/main/mistral-7b-v0.1.Q4_0.gguf?download=true",
+                    filename: "mistral-7b-v0.1.Q4_0.gguf"
+                )
+                .font(.system(size: 12))
+                .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, alignment: .leading)
+
                 Button("Clear downloaded models") {
                     ContentView.cleanupModelCaches()
                     llamaState.cacheCleared = true

From 0e18b2e7d0b5c0a509ea40098def234b8d4a938a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Dec 2023 20:17:43 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 17/20] llama.swiftui : add tinyllama 1.1B F16

---
 .../llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui/UI/ContentView.swift | 12 ++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui/UI/ContentView.swift b/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui/UI/ContentView.swift
index 9cbe8efd6..c78f107b3 100644
--- a/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui/UI/ContentView.swift
+++ b/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui/UI/ContentView.swift
@@ -91,6 +91,15 @@ struct ContentView: View {
                 )
                 .font(.system(size: 12))
 
+                DownloadButton(
+                    llamaState: llamaState,
+                    modelName: "TinyLlama-1.1B (F16, 2.2 GiB)",
+                    modelUrl: "https://huggingface.co/ggml-org/models/resolve/main/tinyllama-1.1b/ggml-model-f16.gguf?download=true",
+                    filename: "tinyllama-1.1b-f16.gguf"
+                )
+                .font(.system(size: 12))
+                .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, alignment: .leading)
+
                 DownloadButton(
                     llamaState: llamaState,
                     modelName: "Phi-2.7B (Q4_0, 1.6 GiB)",
@@ -98,7 +107,6 @@ struct ContentView: View {
                     filename: "phi-2-q4_0.gguf"
                 )
                 .font(.system(size: 12))
-                .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, alignment: .leading)
 
                 DownloadButton(
                     llamaState: llamaState,
@@ -107,6 +115,7 @@ struct ContentView: View {
                     filename: "phi-2-q8_0.gguf"
                 )
                 .font(.system(size: 12))
+                .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, alignment: .leading)
 
                 DownloadButton(
                     llamaState: llamaState,
@@ -115,7 +124,6 @@ struct ContentView: View {
                     filename: "mistral-7b-v0.1.Q4_0.gguf"
                 )
                 .font(.system(size: 12))
-                .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, alignment: .leading)
 
                 Button("Clear downloaded models") {
                     ContentView.cleanupModelCaches()

From a7aee47b98e45539d491071b25778b833b77e387 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: arlo-phoenix <140345165+arlo-phoenix@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Dec 2023 22:33:45 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 18/20] ggml-cuda: Fix HIP build (#4528)

regression of #4490
Adds defines for two new datatypes
cublasComputeType_t, cudaDataType_t.

Currently using deprecated hipblasDatatype_t since newer ones very recent.
---
 ggml-cuda.cu | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/ggml-cuda.cu b/ggml-cuda.cu
index d0f3d8034..f20846fef 100644
--- a/ggml-cuda.cu
+++ b/ggml-cuda.cu
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 #define CUDA_R_16F  HIPBLAS_R_16F
 #define CUDA_R_32F  HIPBLAS_R_32F
 #define __shfl_xor_sync(mask, var, laneMask, width) __shfl_xor(var, laneMask, width)
+#define cublasComputeType_t hipblasDatatype_t //deprecated, new hipblasComputeType_t not in 5.6
 #define cublasCreate hipblasCreate
 #define cublasGemmEx hipblasGemmEx
 #define cublasGemmBatchedEx hipblasGemmBatchedEx
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@
 #define cublasSetStream hipblasSetStream
 #define cublasSgemm hipblasSgemm
 #define cublasStatus_t hipblasStatus_t
+#define cudaDataType_t hipblasDatatype_t //deprecated, new hipblasDatatype not in 5.6
 #define cudaDeviceCanAccessPeer hipDeviceCanAccessPeer
 #define cudaDeviceDisablePeerAccess hipDeviceDisablePeerAccess
 #define cudaDeviceEnablePeerAccess hipDeviceEnablePeerAccess

From 328b83de23b33240e28f4e74900d1d06726f5eb1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Sommerlade <es0m@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Dec 2023 16:17:01 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 19/20] ggml : fixed check for _MSC_VER (#4535)

Co-authored-by: Eric Sommerlade <ersomme@microsoft.com>
---
 ggml.h | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/ggml.h b/ggml.h
index f1003984f..beacdc8be 100644
--- a/ggml.h
+++ b/ggml.h
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ extern "C" {
 
 #if defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__CUDACC__)
     typedef half ggml_fp16_t;
-#elif defined(__ARM_NEON)
+#elif defined(__ARM_NEON) && !defined(_MSC_VER)
     typedef __fp16 ggml_fp16_t;
 #else
     typedef uint16_t ggml_fp16_t;

From 799fc2268989482054944c902874cca76337580f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Johannes=20G=C3=A4=C3=9Fler?= <johannesg@5d6.de>
Date: Wed, 20 Dec 2023 15:41:22 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 20/20] CUDA: Faster Mixtral prompt processing (#4538)

* CUDA: make MoE tensors contiguous for batch size>1

* Update ggml-cuda.cu

Co-authored-by: slaren <slarengh@gmail.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: slaren <slarengh@gmail.com>
---
 ggml-cuda.cu | 118 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 93 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ggml-cuda.cu b/ggml-cuda.cu
index f20846fef..9f4b188cb 100644
--- a/ggml-cuda.cu
+++ b/ggml-cuda.cu
@@ -7830,6 +7830,11 @@ static void ggml_cuda_set_peer_access(const int n_tokens) {
     }
 
 #ifdef NDEBUG
+    for (int id = 0; id < g_device_count; ++id) {
+        CUDA_CHECK(ggml_cuda_set_device(id));
+        CUDA_CHECK(cudaDeviceSynchronize());
+    }
+
     for (int id = 0; id < g_device_count; ++id) {
         CUDA_CHECK(ggml_cuda_set_device(id));
 
@@ -7881,8 +7886,6 @@ static void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat(
     const int nb2 = dst->nb[2];
     const int nb3 = dst->nb[3];
 
-    ggml_cuda_set_peer_access(ne11);
-
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->backend != GGML_BACKEND_GPU_SPLIT);
     GGML_ASSERT(src1->backend != GGML_BACKEND_GPU_SPLIT);
 
@@ -8781,16 +8784,21 @@ static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_id(const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * s
 
     GGML_ASSERT(dst->backend == GGML_BACKEND_GPU);
 
+    const int64_t nb11 = src1->nb[1];
+    const int64_t nb1  =  dst->nb[1];
+
     const struct ggml_tensor * ids = src0;
     const int32_t id = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[0];
     const int32_t n_as = ((int32_t *) dst->op_params)[1];
 
     std::vector<char> ids_host(ggml_nbytes(ids));
 
+    const cudaStream_t stream = g_cudaStreams[g_main_device][0];
+
     if (ids->backend == GGML_BACKEND_GPU) {
         const char * ids_dev = (const char *)((const ggml_tensor_extra_gpu *)ids->extra)->data_device[g_main_device];
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(ids_host.data(), ids_dev, ggml_nbytes(ids), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost, g_cudaStreams[g_main_device][0]));
-        CUDA_CHECK(cudaStreamSynchronize(g_cudaStreams[g_main_device][0]));
+        CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(ids_host.data(), ids_dev, ggml_nbytes(ids), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost, stream));
+        CUDA_CHECK(cudaStreamSynchronize(stream));
     } else {
         memcpy(ids_host.data(), ids->data, ggml_nbytes(ids));
     }
@@ -8804,37 +8812,93 @@ static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_id(const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * s
     ggml_tensor src1_row = *src1;
     ggml_tensor dst_row = *dst;
 
-    src1_row.ne[1] = 1;
-    dst_row.ne[1] = 1;
-
-    src1_row.nb[2] = src1_row.nb[1];
-    dst_row.nb[2] = dst_row.nb[1];
-
-    src1_row.nb[3] = src1_row.nb[1];
-    dst_row.nb[3] = dst_row.nb[1];
-
     src1_row.extra = &src1_row_extra;
     dst_row.extra = &dst_row_extra;
 
+    char * src1_original = (char *) src1_extra->data_device[g_main_device];
+    char * dst_original  = (char *)  dst_extra->data_device[g_main_device];
 
-    for (int64_t i01 = 0; i01 < ids->ne[1]; i01++) {
-        //int32_t row_id;
-        //CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(&row_id, ids_dev + i01*ids->nb[1] + id*ids->nb[0], sizeof(int32_t), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost, g_cudaStreams[g_main_device][0]));
-        //CUDA_CHECK(cudaStreamSynchronize(g_cudaStreams[g_main_device][0]));
+    if (src1->ne[1] == 1) {
+        for (int64_t i01 = 0; i01 < ids->ne[1]; i01++) {
+            //int32_t row_id;
+            //CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(&row_id, ids_dev + i01*ids->nb[1] + id*ids->nb[0], sizeof(int32_t), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost, g_cudaStreams[g_main_device][0]));
+            //CUDA_CHECK(cudaStreamSynchronize(g_cudaStreams[g_main_device][0]));
 
-        const int32_t row_id = *(const int32_t *) (ids_host.data() + i01*ids->nb[1] + id*ids->nb[0]);
+            const int32_t row_id = *(const int32_t *) (ids_host.data() + i01*ids->nb[1] + id*ids->nb[0]);
 
-        GGML_ASSERT(row_id >= 0 && row_id < n_as);
+            GGML_ASSERT(row_id >= 0 && row_id < n_as);
 
-        const struct ggml_tensor * src0_row = dst->src[row_id + 2];
+            const struct ggml_tensor * src0_row = dst->src[row_id + 2];
 
-        src1_row_extra.data_device[g_main_device] = (char *) src1_extra->data_device[g_main_device] + i01*src1->nb[1];
-        src1_row.data = (char *) src1->data + i01*src1->nb[1];
+            src1_row_extra.data_device[g_main_device] = src1_original + i01*src1->nb[1];
+            src1_row.data = (char *) src1->data + i01*src1->nb[1]; // TODO why is this set?
 
-        dst_row_extra.data_device[g_main_device] = (char *) dst_extra->data_device[g_main_device] + i01*dst->nb[1];
-        dst_row.data = (char *) dst->data + i01*dst->nb[1];
+            dst_row_extra.data_device[g_main_device] = dst_original + i01*dst->nb[1];
+            dst_row.data = (char *) dst->data + i01*dst->nb[1]; // TODO why is this set?
 
-        ggml_cuda_mul_mat(src0_row, &src1_row, &dst_row);
+            ggml_cuda_mul_mat(src0_row, &src1_row, &dst_row);
+        }
+    } else {
+        size_t as_src1, as_dst;
+        char * src1_contiguous = (char *) ggml_cuda_pool_malloc(sizeof(float)*ggml_nelements(src1), &as_src1);
+        char *  dst_contiguous = (char *) ggml_cuda_pool_malloc(sizeof(float)*ggml_nelements(dst),  &as_dst);
+
+        src1_row_extra.data_device[g_main_device] = src1_contiguous;
+        dst_row_extra.data_device[g_main_device]  =  dst_contiguous;
+
+        for (int32_t row_id = 0; row_id < n_as; ++row_id) {
+            const struct ggml_tensor * src0_row = dst->src[row_id + 2];
+
+            int64_t num_src1_rows = 0;
+            for (int64_t i01 = 0; i01 < ids->ne[1]; i01++) {
+                const int32_t row_id_i = *(const int32_t *) (ids_host.data() + i01*ids->nb[1] + id*ids->nb[0]);
+
+                if (row_id_i != row_id) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                GGML_ASSERT(row_id >= 0 && row_id < n_as);
+
+                CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(src1_contiguous + num_src1_rows*nb11, src1_original + i01*nb11,
+                                        nb11, cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice, stream));
+                num_src1_rows++;
+            }
+
+            if (num_src1_rows == 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            src1_row.ne[1] = num_src1_rows;
+            dst_row.ne[1] = num_src1_rows;
+
+            src1_row.nb[1] = nb11;
+            src1_row.nb[2] = num_src1_rows*nb11;
+            src1_row.nb[3] = num_src1_rows*nb11;
+
+            dst_row.nb[1] = nb1;
+            dst_row.nb[2] = num_src1_rows*nb1;
+            dst_row.nb[3] = num_src1_rows*nb1;
+
+            ggml_cuda_mul_mat(src0_row, &src1_row, &dst_row);
+
+            num_src1_rows = 0;
+            for (int64_t i01 = 0; i01 < ids->ne[1]; i01++) {
+                const int32_t row_id_i = *(const int32_t *) (ids_host.data() + i01*ids->nb[1] + id*ids->nb[0]);
+
+                if (row_id_i != row_id) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                GGML_ASSERT(row_id >= 0 && row_id < n_as);
+
+                CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(dst_original + i01*nb1, dst_contiguous + num_src1_rows*nb1,
+                                        nb1, cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice, stream));
+                num_src1_rows++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        ggml_cuda_pool_free(src1_contiguous, as_src1);
+        ggml_cuda_pool_free(dst_contiguous,  as_dst);
     }
 }
 
@@ -9370,6 +9434,10 @@ bool ggml_cuda_compute_forward(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_
             return false;
     }
 
+    if (tensor->src[0] != nullptr && tensor->src[0]->backend == GGML_BACKEND_GPU_SPLIT) {
+        ggml_cuda_set_peer_access(tensor->src[1]->ne[1]);
+    }
+
     if (params->ith != 0) {
         return true;
     }