ggml : Q4_3c using 2x "Full range" approach

Untested

ggml-cuda.cu

@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ static_assert(sizeof(block_q4_2) == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) + QK4_2 / 2, "wrong q4_2
 
 #define QK4_3 16
 typedef struct {
-    __half  d;              // delta
-    __half  m;              // min
+    __half  d0;             // delta
+    __half  d1;             // delta
     uint8_t qs[QK4_3 / 2];  // nibbles / quants
 } block_q4_3;
 static_assert(sizeof(block_q4_3) == 2 * sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) + QK4_3 / 2, "wrong q4_3 block size/padding");
@@ -112,22 +112,32 @@ static __global__ void dequantize_block_q4_3(const void * vx, float * y) {
 
     const int i = blockIdx.x;
 
-    const float d = x[i].d;
-    const float m = x[i].m;
+    const float d0 = x[i].d0;
+    const float d1 = x[i].d1;
 
     const uint8_t * pp = x[i].qs;
 
-    for (int l = 0; l < QK4_3; l += 2) {
-        const uint8_t vi = pp[l/2];
+    for (int l = 0; l < QK4_3/2; l += 2) {
+        const uint8_t vi0 = pp[l/2];
+        const uint8_t vi1 = pp[l/2 + QK4_3/4];
 
-        const int8_t vi0 = vi & 0xf;
-        const int8_t vi1 = vi >> 4;
+        const int8_t vi0_0 = vi0 & 0xf;
+        const int8_t vi0_1 = vi0 >> 4;
 
-        const float v0 = vi0*d + m;
-        const float v1 = vi1*d + m;
+        const int8_t vi1_0 = vi1 & 0xf;
+        const int8_t vi1_1 = vi1 >> 4;
 
-        y[i*QK4_3 + l + 0] = v0;
-        y[i*QK4_3 + l + 1] = v1;
+        const float v0_0 = (vi0_0 - 8)*d0;
+        const float v0_1 = (vi0_1 - 8)*d0;
+
+        const float v1_0 = (vi1_0 - 8)*d1;
+        const float v1_1 = (vi1_1 - 8)*d1;
+
+        y[i*QK4_3 + l + 0] = v0_0;
+        y[i*QK4_3 + l + 1] = v0_1;
+
+        y[i*QK4_3 + l + 0 + QK4_3/2] = v1_0;
+        y[i*QK4_3 + l + 1 + QK4_3/2] = v1_1;
     }
 }
 

ggml.c

@@ -655,8 +655,8 @@ static_assert(sizeof(block_q4_2) == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) + QK4_2 / 2, "wrong q4_2
 
 #define QK4_3 16
 typedef struct {
-    ggml_fp16_t d;         // delta
-    ggml_fp16_t m;         // min
+    ggml_fp16_t d0;         // delta
+    ggml_fp16_t d1;         // min
     uint8_t qs[QK4_3 / 2]; // nibbles / quants
 } block_q4_3;
 static_assert(sizeof(block_q4_3) == 2 * sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) + QK4_3 / 2, "wrong q4_3 block size/padding");
@@ -680,13 +680,17 @@ static void quantize_row_q4_0_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q4_0 * r
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
         float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
+        float max = 0.0f;
 
         for (int l = 0; l < QK4_0; l++) {
             const float v = x[i*QK4_0 + l];
-            amax = MAX(amax, fabsf(v));
+            if (amax < fabsf(v)) {
+                amax = fabsf(v);
+                max = v;
+            }
         }
 
-        const float d = amax / ((1 << 3) - 1);
+        const float d = max / -8;
         const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
 
         y[i].d = d;
@@ -695,8 +699,8 @@ static void quantize_row_q4_0_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q4_0 * r
             const float v0 = x[i*QK4_0 + l + 0]*id;
             const float v1 = x[i*QK4_0 + l + 1]*id;
 
-            const uint8_t vi0 = (int8_t)roundf(v0) + 8;
-            const uint8_t vi1 = (int8_t)roundf(v1) + 8;
+            const uint8_t vi0 = MIN(15, (int8_t)roundf(v0) + 8);
+            const uint8_t vi1 = MIN(15, (int8_t)roundf(v1) + 8);
 
             assert(vi0 < 16);
             assert(vi1 < 16);
@@ -716,28 +720,42 @@ static void quantize_row_q4_0(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int
 
 #if defined(__POWER9_VECTOR__)
     const vector float v85 = vec_splats(8.5f);
+    const vector signed int v15 = vec_splats(15);
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-        float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
+        float max = 0.0f;
+        float min = 0.0f;
 
         vector float srcv [8];
-        vector float asrcv[8];
-        vector float amaxv[8];
+        vector float maxv[8];
+        vector float minv[8];
 
         for (int l = 0; l < 8; l++) srcv[l]  = *(vector float *)(x + i*32 + 4*l);
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; l++) asrcv[l] = vec_abs(srcv[l]);
+        //for (int l = 0; l < 8; l++) asrcv[l] = vec_abs(srcv[l]);
 
-        for (int l = 0; l < 4; l++) amaxv[2*l] = vec_max(asrcv[2*l], asrcv[2*l+1]);
-        //for (int l = 0; l < 2; l++) amaxv[4*l] = vec_max(amaxv[4*l], amaxv[4*l+2]);
-        amaxv[0] = vec_max(amaxv[0], amaxv[2]);
-        amaxv[4] = vec_max(amaxv[4], amaxv[6]);
-        //for (int l = 0; l < 1; l++) amaxv[8*l] = vec_max(amaxv[8*l], amaxv[8*l+4]);
-        amaxv[0] = vec_max(amaxv[0], amaxv[4]);
+        for (int l = 0; l < 4; l++) maxv[2*l] = vec_max(asrcv[2*l], asrcv[2*l+1]);
+        //for (int l = 0; l < 2; l++) maxv[4*l] = vec_max(maxv[4*l], maxv[4*l+2]);
+        maxv[0] = vec_max(maxv[0], maxv[2]);
+        maxv[4] = vec_max(maxv[4], maxv[6]);
+        //for (int l = 0; l < 1; l++) maxv[8*l] = vec_max(maxv[8*l], maxv[8*l+4]);
+        maxv[0] = vec_max(maxv[0], maxv[4]);
 
-        amax = MAX(
-                MAX(vec_extract(amaxv[0], 0), vec_extract(amaxv[0], 1)),
-                MAX(vec_extract(amaxv[0], 2), vec_extract(amaxv[0], 3)));
+        for (int l = 0; l < 4; l++) minv[2*l] = vec_min(asrcv[2*l], asrcv[2*l+1]);
+        //for (int l = 0; l < 2; l++) minv[4*l] = vec_min(minv[4*l], minv[4*l+2]);
+        minv[0] = vec_min(minv[0], minv[2]);
+        minv[4] = vec_min(minv[4], minv[6]);
+        //for (int l = 0; l < 1; l++) minv[8*l] = vec_min(minv[8*l], minv[8*l+4]);
+        minv[0] = vec_min(minv[0], minv[4]);
 
-        const float d = amax / ((1 << 3) - 1);
+
+        max = MAX(
+                MAX(vec_extract(maxv[0], 0), vec_extract(maxv[0], 1)),
+                MAX(vec_extract(maxv[0], 2), vec_extract(maxv[0], 3)));
+        min = MIN(
+                MIN(vec_extract(minv[0], 0), vec_extract(minv[0], 1)),
+                MIN(vec_extract(minv[0], 2), vec_extract(minv[0], 3)));
+
+        const float magnitude = max >= fabsf(min) ? max : min;
+        const float d = magnitude / -8;
         const float id = d ? 1.0/d : 0.0;
 
         y[i].d = d;
@@ -747,27 +765,33 @@ static void quantize_row_q4_0(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int
         for (int l = 0; l < 8; l++) {
             const vector float vf  = vec_madd(srcv[l], vid, v85);
             const vector signed int vi = vec_signed(vf);
+            const vector signed int vc = vec_min(vi, v15);
 
-            pb[2*l + 0] = vec_extract(vi, 0) | (vec_extract(vi, 1) << 4);
-            pb[2*l + 1] = vec_extract(vi, 2) | (vec_extract(vi, 3) << 4);
+            pb[2*l + 0] = vec_extract(vc, 0) | (vec_extract(vc, 1) << 4);
+            pb[2*l + 1] = vec_extract(vc, 2) | (vec_extract(vc, 3) << 4);
         }
     }
 #elif __ARM_NEON
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
         float32x4_t srcv [8];
-        float32x4_t asrcv[8];
-        float32x4_t amaxv[8];
+        float32x4_t maxv[8];
+        float32x4_t minv[8];
 
         for (int l = 0; l < 8; l++) srcv[l]  = vld1q_f32(x + i*32 + 4*l);
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; l++) asrcv[l] = vabsq_f32(srcv[l]);
 
-        for (int l = 0; l < 4; l++) amaxv[2*l] = vmaxq_f32(asrcv[2*l], asrcv[2*l+1]);
-        for (int l = 0; l < 2; l++) amaxv[4*l] = vmaxq_f32(amaxv[4*l], amaxv[4*l+2]);
-        for (int l = 0; l < 1; l++) amaxv[8*l] = vmaxq_f32(amaxv[8*l], amaxv[8*l+4]);
+        for (int l = 0; l < 4; l++) maxv[2*l] = vmaxq_f32(srcv[2*l], srcv[2*l+1]);
+        for (int l = 0; l < 2; l++) maxv[4*l] = vmaxq_f32(maxv[4*l], maxv[4*l+2]);
+        for (int l = 0; l < 1; l++) maxv[8*l] = vmaxq_f32(maxv[8*l], maxv[8*l+4]);
 
-        const float amax = vmaxvq_f32(amaxv[0]);
+        for (int l = 0; l < 4; l++) minv[2*l] = vminq_f32(srcv[2*l], srcv[2*l+1]);
+        for (int l = 0; l < 2; l++) minv[4*l] = vminq_f32(minv[4*l], minv[4*l+2]);
+        for (int l = 0; l < 1; l++) minv[8*l] = vminq_f32(minv[8*l], minv[8*l+4]);
 
-        const float d = amax / ((1 << 3) - 1);
+        const float max = vmaxvq_f32(maxv[0]);
+        const float min = vminvq_f32(minv[0]);
+
+        const float magnitude = max >= fabsf(min) ? max : min;
+        const float d = magnitude / -8;
         const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
 
         y[i].d = d;
@@ -776,9 +800,10 @@ static void quantize_row_q4_0(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int
             const float32x4_t v  = vmulq_n_f32(srcv[l], id);
             const float32x4_t vf = vaddq_f32(v, vdupq_n_f32(8.5f));
             const int32x4_t   vi = vcvtq_s32_f32(vf);
+            const int32x4_t   vc = vminq_s32(vi, vdupq_n_s32(15));
 
-            y[i].qs[2*l + 0] = vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 0) | (vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 1) << 4);
-            y[i].qs[2*l + 1] = vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 2) | (vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 3) << 4);
+            y[i].qs[2*l + 0] = vgetq_lane_s32(vc, 0) | (vgetq_lane_s32(vc, 1) << 4);
+            y[i].qs[2*l + 1] = vgetq_lane_s32(vc, 2) | (vgetq_lane_s32(vc, 3) << 4);
         }
     }
 #elif defined(__AVX2__)
@@ -790,22 +815,31 @@ static void quantize_row_q4_0(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int
         __m256 v3 = _mm256_loadu_ps( x + 24 );
         x += 32;
 
-        // Compute max(abs(e)) for the block
-        const __m256 signBit = _mm256_set1_ps( -0.0f );
-        __m256 maxAbs = _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v0 );
-        maxAbs = _mm256_max_ps( maxAbs, _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v1 ) );
-        maxAbs = _mm256_max_ps( maxAbs, _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v2 ) );
-        maxAbs = _mm256_max_ps( maxAbs, _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v3 ) );
+        // Compute max for the block
+        __m256 max  = _mm256_max_ps( v0, v1 );
+        __m256 maxTmp = _mm256_max_ps( v2, v3 );
+        max = _mm256_max_ps( max, maxTmp );
 
-        __m128 max4 = _mm_max_ps( _mm256_extractf128_ps( maxAbs, 1 ), _mm256_castps256_ps128( maxAbs ) );
+        __m128 max4 = _mm_max_ps( _mm256_extractf128_ps( max, 1 ), _mm256_castps256_ps128( max ) );
         max4 = _mm_max_ps( max4, _mm_movehl_ps( max4, max4 ) );
         max4 = _mm_max_ss( max4, _mm_movehdup_ps( max4 ) );
         const float maxScalar = _mm_cvtss_f32( max4 );
 
+        // Compute min for the block
+        __m256 min  = _mm256_min_ps( v0, v1 );
+        __m256 minTmp = _mm256_min_ps( v2, v3 );
+        min = _mm256_min_ps( min, minTmp );
+
+        __m128 min4 = _mm_min_ps( _mm256_extractf128_ps( min, 1 ), _mm256_castps256_ps128( min ) );
+        min4 = _mm_min_ps( min4, _mm_movehl_ps( min4, min4 ) );
+        min4 = _mm_min_ss( min4, _mm_movehdup_ps( min4 ) );
+        const float minScalar = _mm_cvtss_f32( min4 );
+
         // Quantize these floats
-        const float d = maxScalar / 7.0f;
+        const float magnitude = maxScalar >= fabsf(minScalar) ? maxScalar : minScalar;
+        const float d = magnitude / -8.0f;
         y[i].d = d;
-        const float id = ( maxScalar != 0.0f ) ? 7.0f / maxScalar : 0.0f;
+        const float id = ( magnitude != 0.0f ) ? -8.0f / magnitude : 0.0f;
         const __m256 mul = _mm256_set1_ps( id );
 
         // Apply the multiplier
@@ -838,9 +872,11 @@ static void quantize_row_q4_0(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int
         const __m256i perm = _mm256_setr_epi32( 0, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7 );
         i0 = _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32( i0, perm );
 
-        // Apply offset to translate the range from [ -7 .. +7 ] into [ +1 .. +15 ]
+        // Apply offset and clamp to translate the range from [ -8 .. +8 ] into [ +0 .. +15 ]
         const __m256i off = _mm256_set1_epi8( 8 );
         i0 = _mm256_add_epi8( i0, off );
+        const __m256i maxNibble = _mm256_set1_epi8( 15 );
+        i0 = _mm256_min_epi8( i0, maxNibble );
 
         // Compress the vector into 4 bit/value, and store
         __m128i res = packNibbles( i0 );
@@ -855,22 +891,31 @@ static void quantize_row_q4_0(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int
         __m256 v3 = _mm256_loadu_ps( x + 24 );
         x += 32;
 
-        // Compute max(abs(e)) for the block
-        const __m256 signBit = _mm256_set1_ps( -0.0f );
-        __m256 maxAbs = _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v0 );
-        maxAbs = _mm256_max_ps( maxAbs, _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v1 ) );
-        maxAbs = _mm256_max_ps( maxAbs, _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v2 ) );
-        maxAbs = _mm256_max_ps( maxAbs, _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v3 ) );
+        // Compute max for the block
+        __m256 max  = _mm256_max_ps( v0, v1 );
+        __m256 maxTmp = _mm256_max_ps( v2, v3 );
+        max = _mm256_max_ps( max, maxTmp );
 
-        __m128 max4 = _mm_max_ps( _mm256_extractf128_ps( maxAbs, 1 ), _mm256_castps256_ps128( maxAbs ) );
+        __m128 max4 = _mm_max_ps( _mm256_extractf128_ps( max, 1 ), _mm256_castps256_ps128( max ) );
         max4 = _mm_max_ps( max4, _mm_movehl_ps( max4, max4 ) );
         max4 = _mm_max_ss( max4, _mm_movehdup_ps( max4 ) );
         const float maxScalar = _mm_cvtss_f32( max4 );
 
+        // Compute min for the block
+        __m256 min  = _mm256_min_ps( v0, v1 );
+        __m256 minTmp = _mm256_min_ps( v2, v3 );
+        min = _mm256_min_ps( min, minTmp );
+
+        __m128 min4 = _mm_min_ps( _mm256_extractf128_ps( min, 1 ), _mm256_castps256_ps128( min ) );
+        min4 = _mm_min_ps( min4, _mm_movehl_ps( min4, min4 ) );
+        min4 = _mm_min_ss( min4, _mm_movehdup_ps( min4 ) );
+        const float minScalar = _mm_cvtss_f32( min4 );
+
         // Quantize these floats
-        const float d = maxScalar / 7.0f;
+        const float magnitude = maxScalar >= fabsf(minScalar) ? maxScalar : minScalar;
+        const float d = magnitude / -8.0f;
         y[i].d = d;
-        const float id = ( maxScalar != 0.0f ) ? 7.0f / maxScalar : 0.0f;
+        const float id = ( magnitude != 0.0f ) ? -8.0f / magnitude : 0.0f;
         const __m256 mul = _mm256_set1_ps( id );
 
         // Apply the multiplier
@@ -911,10 +956,13 @@ static void quantize_row_q4_0(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int
         ni0 = _mm_packs_epi16( ni0, ni2 );
         ni4 = _mm_packs_epi16( ni4, ni6 );
 
-        // Apply offset to translate the range from [ -7 .. +7 ] into [ +1 .. +15 ]
+        // Apply offset and clamp to translate the range from [ -8 .. +8 ] into [ +0 .. +15 ]
         const __m128i off = _mm_set1_epi8( 8 );
         ni0 = _mm_add_epi8( ni0, off );
         ni4 = _mm_add_epi8( ni4, off );
+        const __m128i maxNibble = _mm_set1_epi8( 15 );
+        ni0 = _mm_min_epi8( ni0, maxNibble );
+        ni4 = _mm_min_epi8( ni4, maxNibble );
 
         // Compress the vector into 4 bit/value, and store
         __m128i res = packNibbles( ni0, ni4 );
@@ -922,24 +970,32 @@ static void quantize_row_q4_0(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int
     }
 #elif defined(__wasm_simd128__)
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-        float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
+        float max = 0.0f;
+        float min = 0.0f;
 
         v128_t srcv [8];
-        v128_t asrcv[8];
-        v128_t amaxv[8];
+        v128_t maxv[8];
+        v128_t minv[8];
 
         for (int l = 0; l < 8; l++) srcv[l]  = wasm_v128_load(x + i*32 + 4*l);
-        for (int l = 0; l < 8; l++) asrcv[l] = wasm_f32x4_abs(srcv[l]);
 
-        for (int l = 0; l < 4; l++) amaxv[2*l] = wasm_f32x4_max(asrcv[2*l], asrcv[2*l+1]);
-        for (int l = 0; l < 2; l++) amaxv[4*l] = wasm_f32x4_max(amaxv[4*l], amaxv[4*l+2]);
-        for (int l = 0; l < 1; l++) amaxv[8*l] = wasm_f32x4_max(amaxv[8*l], amaxv[8*l+4]);
+        for (int l = 0; l < 4; l++) maxv[2*l] = wasm_f32x4_max(srcv[2*l], srcv[2*l+1]);
+        for (int l = 0; l < 2; l++) maxv[4*l] = wasm_f32x4_max(maxv[4*l], maxv[4*l+2]);
+        for (int l = 0; l < 1; l++) maxv[8*l] = wasm_f32x4_max(maxv[8*l], maxv[8*l+4]);
 
-        amax = MAX(
-                MAX(wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 0), wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 1)),
-                MAX(wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 2), wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 3)));
+        for (int l = 0; l < 4; l++) minv[2*l] = wasm_f32x4_min(srcv[2*l], srcv[2*l+1]);
+        for (int l = 0; l < 2; l++) minv[4*l] = wasm_f32x4_min(minv[4*l], minv[4*l+2]);
+        for (int l = 0; l < 1; l++) minv[8*l] = wasm_f32x4_min(minv[8*l], minv[8*l+4]);
 
-        const float d = amax / ((1 << 3) - 1);
+        max = MAX(
+                MAX(wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(maxv[0], 0), wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(maxv[0], 1)),
+                MAX(wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(maxv[0], 2), wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(maxv[0], 3)));
+        min = MIN(
+                MIN(wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(minv[0], 0), wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(minv[0], 1)),
+                MIN(wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(minv[0], 2), wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(minv[0], 3)));
+
+        const float magnitude = max >= fabsf(min) ? max : min;
+        const float d = magnitude / -8;
         const float id = d ? 1.0/d : 0.0;
 
         y[i].d = d;
@@ -948,9 +1004,10 @@ static void quantize_row_q4_0(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int
             const v128_t v  = wasm_f32x4_mul(srcv[l], wasm_f32x4_splat(id));
             const v128_t vf = wasm_f32x4_add(v, wasm_f32x4_splat(8.5f));
             const v128_t vi = wasm_i32x4_trunc_sat_f32x4(vf);
+            const v128_t vc = wasm_i32x4_min_u(vi, wasm_i32x4_splat(15));
 
-            y[i].qs[2*l + 0] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 0) | (wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 1) << 4);
-            y[i].qs[2*l + 1] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 2) | (wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 3) << 4);
+            y[i].qs[2*l + 0] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vc, 0) | (wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vc, 1) << 4);
+            y[i].qs[2*l + 1] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vc, 2) | (wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vc, 3) << 4);
         }
     }
 #else
@@ -1131,13 +1188,17 @@ static void quantize_row_q4_2_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q4_2 * r
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
         float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
+        float max  = 0.0f;
 
         for (int l = 0; l < QK4_2; l++) {
             const float v = x[i*QK4_2 + l];
-            amax = MAX(amax, fabsf(v));
+            if (amax < fabsf(v)) {
+                amax = fabsf(v);
+                max = v;
+            }
         }
 
-        const float d = amax / ((1 << 3) - 1);
+        const float d = max / -8;
 
         const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
 
@@ -1147,8 +1208,8 @@ static void quantize_row_q4_2_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q4_2 * r
             const float v0 = x[i*QK4_2 + l + 0]*id;
             const float v1 = x[i*QK4_2 + l + 1]*id;
 
-            const uint8_t vi0 = (uint8_t)(v0 + 8.5f);
-            const uint8_t vi1 = (uint8_t)(v1 + 8.5f);
+            const uint8_t vi0 = MIN(15, (int8_t)roundf(v0) + 8);
+            const uint8_t vi1 = MIN(15, (int8_t)roundf(v1) + 8);
 
             assert(vi0 < 16);
             assert(vi1 < 16);
@@ -1158,93 +1219,12 @@ static void quantize_row_q4_2_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q4_2 * r
     }
 }
 
-static inline int nearest_int(float fval) {
-    assert(fval <= 4194303.f);
-    float val = fval + 12582912.f;
-    int i; memcpy(&i, &val, sizeof(int));
-    return (i & 0x007fffff) - 0x00400000;
-}
-
-static float kquantize_q4_with_bounds(int n, int nmin, int nmax, const float * restrict X, int nCandidates,
-        const float * restrict candidates, int8_t * restrict L) {
-    assert (nmin >= INT8_MIN);
-    assert (nmax <= INT8_MAX);
-    float amax = 0;
-    for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) amax = MAX(amax, fabsf(X[i]));
-    if (!amax) { // all zero
-        for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) L[i] = 0;
-        return 1.f;
-    }
-    float best = 0, bestScale = 0;
-    for (int si=0; si<nCandidates; ++si) {
-        float iscale = candidates[si]/amax;
-        float sumlxP = 0; int suml2P = 0;
-        float sumlxM = 0; int suml2M = 0;
-        for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) {
-            int l = nearest_int(iscale*X[i]);
-            int lp = MAX(nmin, MIN(nmax, +l));
-            int lm = MAX(nmin, MIN(nmax, -l));
-            sumlxP += X[i]*lp; suml2P += lp*lp;
-            sumlxM += X[i]*lm; suml2M += lm*lm;
-        }
-        float sumlxP2 = sumlxP*sumlxP;
-        float sumlxM2 = sumlxM*sumlxM;
-        if (sumlxP2*suml2M > sumlxM2*suml2P) {
-            if (sumlxP2 > best*suml2P) {
-                best = sumlxP2/suml2P; bestScale = iscale;
-            }
-        } else {
-            if (sumlxM2 > best*suml2M) {
-                best = sumlxM2/suml2M; bestScale = -iscale;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    float sumlx = 0; int suml2 = 0;
-    for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) {
-        int l = nearest_int(bestScale*X[i]);
-        l = MAX(nmin, MIN(nmax, l));
-        sumlx += X[i]*l; suml2 += l*l;
-        L[i] = l;
-    }
-    float scale = sumlx/suml2;
-    return scale;
-}
-
-static void quantize_row_q4_2_rmse(const float * restrict x, block_q4_2 * restrict y, int k) {
-#define CANDIDATE_COUNT 8
-    static const float candidates[CANDIDATE_COUNT] = { +8.7f, +8.3f, +8.1f, +7.8f, +7.3f, +7.0f, +6.3f, +5.7f };
-    assert(k % QK4_2 == 0);
-
-    int8_t L[QK4_2];
-
-    const int nb = k / QK4_2;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-        float scale = kquantize_q4_with_bounds(QK4_2, -8, 7, x, CANDIDATE_COUNT, candidates, L);
-        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(scale);
-
-        for (int l = 0; l < QK4_2; l += 2) {
-            const uint8_t vi0 = (uint8_t)(L[l+0] + 8);
-            const uint8_t vi1 = (uint8_t)(L[l+1] + 8);
-
-            assert(vi0 < 16);
-            assert(vi1 < 16);
-
-            y[i].qs[l/2] = vi0 | (vi1 << 4);
-        }
-
-        x += QK4_2;
-    }
-}
-
 static void quantize_row_q4_2(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int k) {
     assert(k % QK4_2 == 0);
 
     block_q4_2 * restrict y = vy;
 
-    //quantize_row_q4_2_reference(x, y, k);
-    // This produces the exact same format, just better match to the input floats ("better" as measured by RMSE)
-    quantize_row_q4_2_rmse(x, y, k);
+    quantize_row_q4_2_reference(x, y, k);
 }
 
 static void quantize_row_q4_3_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q4_3 * restrict y, int k) {
@@ -1252,32 +1232,50 @@ static void quantize_row_q4_3_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q4_3 * r
     const int nb = k / QK4_3;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-        float min = FLT_MAX;
-        float max = -FLT_MAX;
+        float amax0 = 0.0f;
+        float max0  = 0.0f;
+        float amax1 = 0.0f;
+        float max1  = 0.0f;
 
-        for (int l = 0; l < QK4_3; l++) {
-            const float v = x[i*QK4_3 + l];
-            if (v < min) min = v;
-            if (v > max) max = v;
+        for (int l = 0; l < QK4_3/2; l++) {
+            const float v0 = x[i*QK4_3 + l];
+            const float v1 = x[i*QK4_3 + l + QK4_3/2];
+
+            if (amax0 < fabsf(v0)) {
+                amax0 = fabsf(v0);
+                max0 = v0;
             }
 
-        const float d = (max - min) / ((1 << 4) - 1);
-        const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
+            if (amax1 < fabsf(v1)) {
+                amax1 = fabsf(v1);
+                max1 = v1;
+            }
+        }
 
-        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
-        y[i].m = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(min);
+        const float d0 = max0 / -8;
+        const float d1 = max1 / -8;
 
-        for (int l = 0; l < QK4_3; l += 2) {
-            const float v0 = (x[i*QK4_3 + l + 0] - min)*id;
-            const float v1 = (x[i*QK4_3 + l + 1] - min)*id;
+        const float id0 = d0 ? 1.0f/d0 : 0.0f;
+        const float id1 = d1 ? 1.0f/d1 : 0.0f;
 
-            const uint8_t vi0 = (int) (v0 + 0.5f);
-            const uint8_t vi1 = (int) (v1 + 0.5f);
+        y[i].d0 = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d0);
+        y[i].d1 = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d1);
 
-            assert(vi0 < 16);
-            assert(vi1 < 16);
+        for (int l = 0; l < QK4_3/2; l += 2) {
+            const float v0_0 = x[i*QK4_3 + l + 0]*id0;
+            const float v0_1 = x[i*QK4_3 + l + 1]*id0;
 
-            y[i].qs[l/2] = vi0 | (vi1 << 4);
+            const float v1_0 = x[i*QK4_3 + l + 0 + QK4_3/2]*id1;
+            const float v1_1 = x[i*QK4_3 + l + 1 + QK4_3/2]*id1;
+
+            const uint8_t vi0_0 = MIN(15, (int8_t)roundf(v0_0) + 8);
+            const uint8_t vi0_1 = MIN(15, (int8_t)roundf(v0_1) + 8);
+
+            const uint8_t vi1_0 = MIN(15, (int8_t)roundf(v1_0) + 8);
+            const uint8_t vi1_1 = MIN(15, (int8_t)roundf(v1_1) + 8);
+
+            y[i].qs[l/2          ] = vi0_0 | (vi0_1 << 4);
+            y[i].qs[l/2 + QK4_3/4] = vi1_0 | (vi1_1 << 4);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1749,25 +1747,32 @@ static void dequantize_row_q4_3(const void * restrict vx, float * restrict y, in
     const block_q4_3 * restrict x = vx;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-        const float m = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].m);
+        const float d0 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d0);
+        const float d1 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d1);
 
         const uint8_t * restrict pp = x[i].qs;
 
-        for (int l = 0; l < QK4_3; l += 2) {
-            const uint8_t vi = pp[l/2];
+        for (int l = 0; l < QK4_3/2; l += 2) {
+            const uint8_t vi0 = pp[l/2];
+            const uint8_t vi1 = pp[l/2 + QK4_3/4];
 
-            const int8_t vi0 = vi & 0xf;
-            const int8_t vi1 = vi >> 4;
+            const int8_t vi0_0 = vi0 & 0xf;
+            const int8_t vi0_1 = vi0 >> 4;
 
-            const float v0 = vi0*d + m;
-            const float v1 = vi1*d + m;
+            const int8_t vi1_0 = vi1 & 0xf;
+            const int8_t vi1_1 = vi1 >> 4;
 
-            y[i*QK4_3 + l + 0] = v0;
-            y[i*QK4_3 + l + 1] = v1;
+            const float v0_0 = (vi0_0 - 8)*d0;
+            const float v0_1 = (vi0_1 - 8)*d0;
 
-            assert(!isnan(y[i*QK4_3 + l + 0]));
-            assert(!isnan(y[i*QK4_3 + l + 1]));
+            const float v1_0 = (vi1_0 - 8)*d1;
+            const float v1_1 = (vi1_1 - 8)*d1;
+
+            y[i*QK4_3 + l + 0] = v0_0;
+            y[i*QK4_3 + l + 1] = v0_1;
+
+            y[i*QK4_3 + l + 0 + QK4_3/2] = v1_0;
+            y[i*QK4_3 + l + 1 + QK4_3/2] = v1_1;
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1795,7 +1800,7 @@ static const quantize_fns_t quantize_fns[GGML_TYPE_COUNT] = {
     [GGML_TYPE_Q4_2] = {
         .dequantize_row_q         = dequantize_row_q4_2,
         .quantize_row_q           = quantize_row_q4_2,
-        .quantize_row_q_reference = (quantize_row_q_t) quantize_row_q4_2_rmse, //quantize_row_q4_2_reference,
+        .quantize_row_q_reference = (quantize_row_q_t) quantize_row_q4_2_reference,
         .quantize_row_q_dot       = quantize_row_q8_0,
         .vec_dot_q                = ggml_vec_dot_q4_2_q8_0,
     },
@@ -2876,17 +2881,16 @@ static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_3_q8_0(const int n, float * restrict s, const void *
 
     assert(n % QK8_0 == 0);
     assert(nb % 2 == 0);
-    assert(QK8_0 == 2*QK4_2);
+    assert(QK8_0 == 2*QK4_3);
 
     const block_q4_3 * restrict x = vx;
     const block_q8_0 * restrict y = vy;
 
 #if defined(__ARM_NEON)
-    float32x4_t sumv0 = vdupq_n_f32(0.0f);
-    float32x4_t sumv1 = vdupq_n_f32(0.0f);
-
-    float summs0 = 0.0f;
-    float summs1 = 0.0f;
+    float32x2_t sumv0 = vdup_n_f32(0.0f);
+    float32x2_t sumv1 = vdup_n_f32(0.0f);
+    float32x2_t sumv2 = vdup_n_f32(0.0f);
+    float32x2_t sumv3 = vdup_n_f32(0.0f);
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
         const block_q4_3 * restrict x0_0 = &x[2*(i + 0) + 0];
@@ -2894,29 +2898,46 @@ static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_3_q8_0(const int n, float * restrict s, const void *
 
         const block_q8_0 * restrict y0 = &y[i + 0];
 
-        summs0 += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0_0->m) * y0->s0;
-        summs1 += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0_1->m) * y0->s1;
-
-        const uint8x16_t v0_0 = vcombine_u8(vld1_u8(x0_0->qs), vld1_u8(x0_1->qs));
+        const uint8x8_t v0_0 = vld1_u8(x0_0->qs);
+        const uint8x8_t v0_1 = vld1_u8(x0_1->qs);
 
         // 4-bit -> 8-bit
-        const int8x16_t v0_0l = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8  (v0_0, vdupq_n_u8(0xf)));
-        const int8x16_t v0_0h = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(v0_0, 4));
+        const int8x8_t v0_0l = vreinterpret_s8_u8(vand_u8  (v0_0, vdup_n_u8(0xf)));
+        const int8x8_t v0_0h = vreinterpret_s8_u8(vshr_n_u8(v0_0, 4));
+        const int8x8_t v0_1l = vreinterpret_s8_u8(vand_u8  (v0_1, vdup_n_u8(0xf)));
+        const int8x8_t v0_1h = vreinterpret_s8_u8(vshr_n_u8(v0_1, 4));
+
+        // sub 8
+        const int8x8_t v0_0ls = vsub_s8(v0_0l, vdup_n_s8(8));
+        const int8x8_t v0_0hs = vsub_s8(v0_0h, vdup_n_s8(8));
+        const int8x8_t v0_1ls = vsub_s8(v0_1l, vdup_n_s8(8));
+        const int8x8_t v0_1hs = vsub_s8(v0_1h, vdup_n_s8(8));
 
         // interleave
-        const int8x16_t v0_0lz = vzip1q_s8(v0_0l, v0_0h);
-        const int8x16_t v0_0hz = vzip2q_s8(v0_0l, v0_0h);
+        const int8x8_t v0_0lz = vzip1_s8(v0_0ls, v0_0hs);
+        const int8x8_t v0_0hz = vzip2_s8(v0_0ls, v0_0hs);
+        const int8x8_t v0_1lz = vzip1_s8(v0_1ls, v0_1hs);
+        const int8x8_t v0_1hz = vzip2_s8(v0_1ls, v0_1hs);
 
         // load y
-        const int8x16_t v1_0l = vld1q_s8(y0->qs);
-        const int8x16_t v1_0h = vld1q_s8(y0->qs + 16);
+        const int8x8_t v1_0l = vld1_s8(y0->qs);
+        const int8x8_t v1_0h = vld1_s8(y0->qs + 8);
+        const int8x8_t v1_1l = vld1_s8(y0->qs + 16);
+        const int8x8_t v1_1h = vld1_s8(y0->qs + 24);
 
-        const float x0_0d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0_0->d);
-        const float x0_1d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0_1->d);
+        const float x0_0d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0_0->d0);
+        const float x0_1d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0_0->d1);
+        const float x1_0d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0_1->d0);
+        const float x1_1d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0_1->d1);
 
 #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
-        sumv0 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv0, vcvtq_f32_s32(vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_0lz, v1_0l)), x0_0d*y0->d);
-        sumv1 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv1, vcvtq_f32_s32(vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_0hz, v1_0h)), x0_1d*y0->d);
+        //sumv0 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv0, vcvtq_f32_s32(vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_0lz, v1_0l)), x0_0d*y0->d);
+        //sumv1 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv1, vcvtq_f32_s32(vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_0hz, v1_0h)), x0_1d*y0->d);
+
+        sumv0 = vmla_n_f32(sumv0, vcvt_f32_s32(vdot_s32(vdup_n_s32(0), v0_0lz, v1_0l)), x0_0d*y0->d);
+        sumv1 = vmla_n_f32(sumv1, vcvt_f32_s32(vdot_s32(vdup_n_s32(0), v0_0hz, v1_0h)), x0_1d*y0->d);
+        sumv2 = vmla_n_f32(sumv2, vcvt_f32_s32(vdot_s32(vdup_n_s32(0), v0_1lz, v1_1l)), x1_0d*y0->d);
+        sumv3 = vmla_n_f32(sumv3, vcvt_f32_s32(vdot_s32(vdup_n_s32(0), v0_1hz, v1_1h)), x1_1d*y0->d);
 #else
         const int16x8_t pl0l = vmull_s8(vget_low_s8 (v0_0lz), vget_low_s8 (v1_0l));
         const int16x8_t pl0h = vmull_s8(vget_high_s8(v0_0lz), vget_high_s8(v1_0l));
@@ -2931,77 +2952,79 @@ static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_3_q8_0(const int n, float * restrict s, const void *
 #endif
     }
 
-    *s = vaddvq_f32(vaddq_f32(sumv0, sumv1)) + summs0 + summs1;
+    *s = vaddv_f32(vadd_f32(vadd_f32(sumv0, sumv1), vadd_f32(sumv2, sumv3)));
 #elif defined(__AVX2__)
+    GGML_ASSERT(false); // TODO
     // Initialize accumulator with zeros
-    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();
+    //__m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();
 
-    // Main loop
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-        const __m128 d0 = _mm_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[2*i + 0].d));
-        const __m128 d1 = _mm_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[2*i + 1].d));
-        const __m256 dx = _mm256_set_m128(d1, d0);
+    //// Main loop
+    //for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+    //    const __m128 d0 = _mm_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[2*i + 0].d));
+    //    const __m128 d1 = _mm_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[2*i + 1].d));
+    //    const __m256 dx = _mm256_set_m128(d1, d0);
 
-        const __m128 m0 = _mm_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[2*i + 0].m));
-        const __m128 m1 = _mm_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[2*i + 1].m));
-        const __m256 mx = _mm256_set_m128(m1, m0);
+    //    const __m128 m0 = _mm_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[2*i + 0].m));
+    //    const __m128 m1 = _mm_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[2*i + 1].m));
+    //    const __m256 mx = _mm256_set_m128(m1, m0);
 
-        const __m128i bx0 = bytes_from_nibbles_16(x[2*i + 0].qs);
-        const __m128i bx1 = bytes_from_nibbles_16(x[2*i + 1].qs);
-        const __m256i bx = _mm256_set_m128i(bx1, bx0);
+    //    const __m128i bx0 = bytes_from_nibbles_16(x[2*i + 0].qs);
+    //    const __m128i bx1 = bytes_from_nibbles_16(x[2*i + 1].qs);
+    //    const __m256i bx = _mm256_set_m128i(bx1, bx0);
 
-        const __m256 dy = _mm256_broadcast_ss(&y[i].d);
-        const __m256i by = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)y[i].qs);
+    //    const __m256 dy = _mm256_broadcast_ss(&y[i].d);
+    //    const __m256i by = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)y[i].qs);
 
-        const __m256i syi = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_set1_epi8(1), by);
-        const __m256 syf = sum_i16_pairs_float(syi);
+    //    const __m256i syi = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(_mm256_set1_epi8(1), by);
+    //    const __m256 syf = sum_i16_pairs_float(syi);
 
-        const __m256 q = mul_sum_i8_pairs_float(bx, by);
+    //    const __m256 q = mul_sum_i8_pairs_float(bx, by);
 
-        const __m256 sxy = _mm256_fmadd_ps(q, dx, _mm256_mul_ps(mx, syf));
-        acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps(sxy, dy, acc);
-    }
+    //    const __m256 sxy = _mm256_fmadd_ps(q, dx, _mm256_mul_ps(mx, syf));
+    //    acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps(sxy, dy, acc);
+    //}
 
-    *s = hsum_float_8(acc);
+    //*s = hsum_float_8(acc);
 #else
-    // scalar
-    float sumf = 0.0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-        const uint8_t * restrict x0 = x[2*i + 0].qs;
-        const uint8_t * restrict x1 = x[2*i + 1].qs;
-        const  int8_t * restrict y0 = y[i].qs;
+    GGML_ASSERT(false); // TODO
+    //// scalar
+    //float sumf = 0.0;
+    //for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+    //    const uint8_t * restrict x0 = x[2*i + 0].qs;
+    //    const uint8_t * restrict x1 = x[2*i + 1].qs;
+    //    const  int8_t * restrict y0 = y[i].qs;
 
-        const float d0 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[2*i + 0].d);
-        const float m0 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[2*i + 0].m);
-        const float d1 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[2*i + 1].d);
-        const float m1 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[2*i + 1].m);
+    //    const float d0 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[2*i + 0].d);
+    //    const float m0 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[2*i + 0].m);
+    //    const float d1 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[2*i + 1].d);
+    //    const float m1 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[2*i + 1].m);
 
-        int sxy_0 = 0;
-        int sxy_1 = 0;
+    //    int sxy_0 = 0;
+    //    int sxy_1 = 0;
 
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0/4; j++) {
-            const uint8_t v0 = x0[j];
-            const uint8_t v1 = x1[j];
+    //    for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0/4; j++) {
+    //        const uint8_t v0 = x0[j];
+    //        const uint8_t v1 = x1[j];
 
-            const int x0_0 = v0 & 0xf;
-            const int x1_0 = v0 >> 4;
+    //        const int x0_0 = v0 & 0xf;
+    //        const int x1_0 = v0 >> 4;
 
-            const int x0_1 = v1 & 0xf;
-            const int x1_1 = v1 >> 4;
+    //        const int x0_1 = v1 & 0xf;
+    //        const int x1_1 = v1 >> 4;
 
-            const int y0_0 = y0[2*j + 0];
-            const int y1_0 = y0[2*j + 1];
+    //        const int y0_0 = y0[2*j + 0];
+    //        const int y1_0 = y0[2*j + 1];
 
-            const int y0_1 = y0[2*(j + QK8_0/4) + 0];
-            const int y1_1 = y0[2*(j + QK8_0/4) + 1];
+    //        const int y0_1 = y0[2*(j + QK8_0/4) + 0];
+    //        const int y1_1 = y0[2*(j + QK8_0/4) + 1];
 
-            sxy_0 += x0_0*y0_0 + x1_0*y1_0;
-            sxy_1 += x0_1*y0_1 + x1_1*y1_1;
-        }
+    //        sxy_0 += x0_0*y0_0 + x1_0*y1_0;
+    //        sxy_1 += x0_1*y0_1 + x1_1*y1_1;
+    //    }
 
-        sumf += (d0*sxy_0 + d1*sxy_1)*y[i].d + m0*y[i].s0 + m1*y[i].s1;
-    }
-    *s = sumf;
+    //    sumf += (d0*sxy_0 + d1*sxy_1)*y[i].d + m0*y[i].s0 + m1*y[i].s1;
+    //}
+    //*s = sumf;
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -12127,8 +12150,7 @@ size_t ggml_quantize_q4_2(const float * src, void * dst, int n, int k, int64_t *
     for (int j = 0; j < n; j += k) {
         block_q4_2 * restrict y = (block_q4_2 *)dst + j/QK4_2;
 
-        //quantize_row_q4_2_reference(src + j, y, k);
-        quantize_row_q4_2_rmse(src + j, y, k);
+        quantize_row_q4_2_reference(src + j, y, k);
 
         for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
             for (int l = 0; l < QK4_2; l += 2) {