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@ -659,26 +659,33 @@ Here's an example that will open Reddit when the notification is clicked:
]));
```
## Attachments (send files)
## Attachments
You can send images and other files to your phone as attachments to a notification. The attachments are then downloaded
onto your phone (depending on size and setting automatically), and can be used from the Downloads folder.
There are two different ways to send attachments, either via PUT or by passing an external URL.
There are two different ways to send attachments:
**Upload attachments from your computer**: To send an attachment from your computer as a file, you can send it as the
PUT request body. If a message is greater than the maximum message size or consists of non-UTF-8 characters, the ntfy
server will automatically detect the mime type and size, and send the message as an attachment file.
* sending [a local file](#attach-local-file) via PUT, e.g. from `~/Flowers/flower.jpg` or `ringtone.mp3`
* or by [passing an external URL](#attach-file-from-a-url) as an attachment, e.g. `https://f-droid.org/F-Droid.apk`
You can optionally pass a filename (or force attachment mode for small text-messages) by passing the `X-Filename` header
or query parameter (or any of its aliases `Filename`, `File` or `f`).
### Attach local file
To send an attachment from your computer as a file, you can send it as the PUT request body. If a message is greater
than the maximum message size (4,096 bytes) or consists of non UTF-8 characters, the ntfy server will automatically
detect the mime type and size, and send the message as an attachment file. To send smaller text-only messages or files
as attachments, you must pass a filename by passing the `X-Filename` header or query parameter (or any of its aliases
`Filename`, `File` or `f`).
By default, and how ntfy.sh is configured, the **max attachment size is 15 MB** (with 100 MB total per visitor).
Attachments **expire after 3 hours**, which typically is plenty of time for the user to download it, or for the Android app
to auto-download it. Please also check out the [other limits below](#limitations).
Here's an example showing how to upload an image:
=== "Command line (curl)"
```
curl \
-T flower.jpg \
-H "Filename: flower.jpg" \
ntfy.sh/flowers
```
@ -693,6 +700,7 @@ Here's an example showing how to upload an image:
``` http
PUT /flowers HTTP/1.1
Host: ntfy.sh
Filename: flower.jpg
<binary JPEG data>
```
@ -701,7 +709,8 @@ Here's an example showing how to upload an image:
``` javascript
fetch('https://ntfy.sh/flowers', {
method: 'PUT',
body: document.getElementById("file").files[0]
body: document.getElementById("file").files[0],
headers: { 'Filename': 'flower.jpg' }
})
```
@ -709,44 +718,108 @@ Here's an example showing how to upload an image:
``` go
file, _ := os.Open("flower.jpg")
req, _ := http.NewRequest("PUT", "https://ntfy.sh/flowers", file)
req.Header.Set("Filename", "flower.jpg")
http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
```
=== "Python"
``` python
requests.put("https://ntfy.sh/flowers",
data=open("flower.jpg", 'rb'))
data=open("flower.jpg", 'rb'),
headers={ "Filename": "flower.jpg" })
```
=== "PHP"
``` php-inline
file_get_contents('https://ntfy.sh/reddit_alerts', false, stream_context_create([
file_get_contents('https://ntfy.sh/flowers', false, stream_context_create([
'http' => [
'method' => 'PUT',
'content' => XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXxx
'header' =>
"Content-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n" . // Does not matter
"Filename: flower.jpg",
'content' => file_get_contents('flower.jpg') // Dangerous for large files
]
]));
```
```
- Uploaded attachment
- External attachment
- Preview without attachment
Here's what that looks like on Android:
<figure markdown>
![image attachment](static/img/android-screenshot-attachment-image.png){ width=500 }
<figcaption>Image attachment sent from a local file</figcaption>
</figure>
# Upload and send attachment with custom message and filename
curl \
-T flower.jpg \
-H "Message: Here's a flower for you" \
-H "Filename: flower.jpg" \
ntfy.sh/howdy
### Attach file from a URL
Instead of sending a local file to your phone, you can use an external URL to specify where the attachment is hosted.
This could be a Google Drive or Dropbox link, or any other publicly available URL. The ntfy server will briefly probe
the URL to retrieve type and size for you. Since the files are externally hosted, the expiration or size limits from
above do not apply here.
# Send external attachment from other URL, with custom message
curl \
-H "Attachment: https://example.com/files.zip" \
"ntfy.sh/howdy?m=Important+documents+attached"
To attach an external file, simple pass the `X-Attach` header or query parameter (or any of its aliases `Attach` or `a`)
to specify the attachment URL. It can be any type of file.
Here's an example showing how to upload an image:
=== "Command line (curl)"
```
curl \
-X POST \
-H "Attach: https://f-droid.org/F-Droid.apk" \
ntfy.sh/mydownloads
```
=== "ntfy CLI"
```
ntfy publish \
--attach="https://f-droid.org/F-Droid.apk" \
mydownloads
```
=== "HTTP"
``` http
POST /mydownloads HTTP/1.1
Host: ntfy.sh
Attach: https://f-droid.org/F-Droid.apk
```
=== "JavaScript"
``` javascript
fetch('https://ntfy.sh/mydownloads', {
method: 'POST',
headers: { 'Attach': 'https://f-droid.org/F-Droid.apk' }
})
```
=== "Go"
``` go
req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://ntfy.sh/mydownloads", file)
req.Header.Set("Attach", "https://f-droid.org/F-Droid.apk")
http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
```
=== "Python"
``` python
requests.put("https://ntfy.sh/mydownloads",
headers={ "Attach": "https://f-droid.org/F-Droid.apk" })
```
=== "PHP"
``` php-inline
file_get_contents('https://ntfy.sh/mydownloads', false, stream_context_create([
'http' => [
'method' => 'PUT',
'header' =>
"Content-Type: text/plain\r\n" . // Does not matter
"Attach: https://f-droid.org/F-Droid.apk",
]
]));
```
<figure markdown>
![file attachment](static/img/android-screenshot-attachment-file.png){ width=500 }
<figcaption>File attachment sent from an external URL</figcaption>
</figure>
```
## E-mail notifications
You can forward messages to e-mail by specifying an address in the header. This can be useful for messages that
@ -1029,17 +1102,20 @@ parameter (or any of its aliases `unifiedpush` or `up`) to `1` to [disable Fireb
option is equivalent to `Firebase: no`, but was introduced to allow future flexibility.
## Limitations
There are a few limitations to the API to prevent abuse and to keep the server healthy. Most of them you won't run into,
There are a few limitations to the API to prevent abuse and to keep the server healthy. Almost all of these settings
are configurable via the server side [rate limiting settings](config.md#rate-limiting). Most of these limits you won't run into,
but just in case, let's list them all:
| Limit | Description |
|---|---|
| **Message length** | Each message can be up to 4,096 bytes long. Longer messages are truncated. |
| **Requests** | By default, the server is configured to allow 60 requests at once, and then refills the your allowed requests bucket at a rate of one request per 10 seconds. You can read more about this in the [rate limiting](config.md#rate-limiting) section. |
| **E-mails** | By default, the server is configured to allow sending 16 e-mails at once, and then refills the your allowed e-mail bucket at a rate of one per hour. You can read more about this in the [rate limiting](config.md#rate-limiting) section. |
| **Subscription limits** | By default, the server allows each visitor to keep 30 connections to the server open. |
| **Bandwidth** | By default, the server allows 500 MB of GET/PUT/POST traffic for attachments per visitor in a 24 hour period. Traffic exceeding that is rejected. |
| **Total number of topics** | By default, the server is configured to allow 15,000 topics. The ntfy.sh server has higher limits though. |
| Limit | Description |
|---------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| **Message length** | Each message can be up to 4,096 bytes long. Longer messages are treated as [attachments](#attachments). |
| **Requests** | By default, the server is configured to allow 60 requests per visitor at once, and then refills the your allowed requests bucket at a rate of one request per 10 seconds. |
| **E-mails** | By default, the server is configured to allow sending 16 e-mails per visitor at once, and then refills the your allowed e-mail bucket at a rate of one per hour. |
| **Subscription limit** | By default, the server allows each visitor to keep 30 connections to the server open. |
| **Attachment size limit** | By default, the server allows attachments up to 15 MB in size, up to 100 MB in total per visitor and up to 5 GB across all visitors. |
| **Attachment expiry** | By default, the server deletes attachments after 3 hours and thereby frees up space from the total visitor attachment limit. |
| **Attachment bandwidth** | By default, the server allows 500 MB of GET/PUT/POST traffic for attachments per visitor in a 24 hour period. Traffic exceeding that is rejected. |
| **Total number of topics** | By default, the server is configured to allow 15,000 topics. The ntfy.sh server has higher limits though. |
## List of all parameters
The following is a list of all parameters that can be passed when publishing a message. Parameter names are **case-insensitive**,
@ -1053,8 +1129,8 @@ and can be passed as **HTTP headers** or **query parameters in the URL**. They a
| `X-Tags` | `Tags`, `Tag`, `ta` | [Tags and emojis](#tags-emojis) |
| `X-Delay` | `Delay`, `X-At`, `At`, `X-In`, `In` | Timestamp or duration for [delayed delivery](#scheduled-delivery) |
| `X-Click` | `Click` | URL to open when [notification is clicked](#click-action) |
| `X-Attach` | `Attach`, `a` | URL to send as an [attachment](#attachments-send-files), as an alternative to PUT/POST-ing an attachment |
| `X-Filename` | `Filename`, `file`, `f` | Optional [attachment](#attachments-send-files) filename, as it appears in the client |
| `X-Attach` | `Attach`, `a` | URL to send as an [attachment](#attachments), as an alternative to PUT/POST-ing an attachment |
| `X-Filename` | `Filename`, `file`, `f` | Optional [attachment](#attachments) filename, as it appears in the client |
| `X-Email` | `X-E-Mail`, `Email`, `E-Mail`, `mail`, `e` | E-mail address for [e-mail notifications](#e-mail-notifications) |
| `X-Cache` | `Cache` | Allows disabling [message caching](#message-caching) |
| `X-Firebase` | `Firebase` | Allows disabling [sending to Firebase](#disable-firebase) |