diff --git a/cgroups/apply_nosystemd.go b/cgroups/apply_nosystemd.go
deleted file mode 100644
index f94d475..0000000
--- a/cgroups/apply_nosystemd.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-// +build !linux
-
-package cgroups
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-)
-
-func useSystemd() bool {
-	return false
-}
-
-func systemdApply(c *Cgroup, pid int) (ActiveCgroup, error) {
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("Systemd not supported")
-}
diff --git a/cgroups/apply_raw.go b/cgroups/apply_raw.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 471d3fc..0000000
--- a/cgroups/apply_raw.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,256 +0,0 @@
-package cgroups
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strconv"
-)
-
-type rawCgroup struct {
-	root   string
-	cgroup string
-}
-
-func rawApply(c *Cgroup, pid int) (ActiveCgroup, error) {
-	// We have two implementation of cgroups support, one is based on
-	// systemd and the dbus api, and one is based on raw cgroup fs operations
-	// following the pre-single-writer model docs at:
-	// http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PaxControlGroups/
-	//
-	// we can pick any subsystem to find the root
-
-	cgroupRoot, err := FindCgroupMountpoint("cpu")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	cgroupRoot = filepath.Dir(cgroupRoot)
-
-	if _, err := os.Stat(cgroupRoot); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cgroups fs not found")
-	}
-
-	cgroup := c.Name
-	if c.Parent != "" {
-		cgroup = filepath.Join(c.Parent, cgroup)
-	}
-
-	raw := &rawCgroup{
-		root:   cgroupRoot,
-		cgroup: cgroup,
-	}
-	for _, g := range []func(*Cgroup, int) error{
-		raw.setupDevices,
-		raw.setupMemory,
-		raw.setupCpu,
-		raw.setupCpuset,
-		raw.setupCpuacct,
-		raw.setupBlkio,
-		raw.setupPerfevent,
-		raw.setupFreezer,
-	} {
-		if err := g(c, pid); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return raw, nil
-}
-
-func (raw *rawCgroup) path(subsystem string) (string, error) {
-	initPath, err := GetInitCgroupDir(subsystem)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	return filepath.Join(raw.root, subsystem, initPath, raw.cgroup), nil
-}
-
-func (raw *rawCgroup) join(subsystem string, pid int) (string, error) {
-	path, err := raw.path(subsystem)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(path, 0755); err != nil && !os.IsExist(err) {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	if err := writeFile(path, "cgroup.procs", strconv.Itoa(pid)); err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	return path, nil
-}
-
-func (raw *rawCgroup) setupDevices(c *Cgroup, pid int) (err error) {
-	dir, err := raw.join("devices", pid)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		if err != nil {
-			os.RemoveAll(dir)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	if !c.DeviceAccess {
-
-		if err := writeFile(dir, "devices.deny", "a"); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		allow := []string{
-			// allow mknod for any device
-			"c *:* m",
-			"b *:* m",
-
-			// /dev/null, zero, full
-			"c 1:3 rwm",
-			"c 1:5 rwm",
-			"c 1:7 rwm",
-
-			// consoles
-			"c 5:1 rwm",
-			"c 5:0 rwm",
-			"c 4:0 rwm",
-			"c 4:1 rwm",
-
-			// /dev/urandom,/dev/random
-			"c 1:9 rwm",
-			"c 1:8 rwm",
-
-			// /dev/pts/ - pts namespaces are "coming soon"
-			"c 136:* rwm",
-			"c 5:2 rwm",
-
-			// tuntap
-			"c 10:200 rwm",
-		}
-
-		for _, val := range allow {
-			if err := writeFile(dir, "devices.allow", val); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (raw *rawCgroup) setupMemory(c *Cgroup, pid int) (err error) {
-	dir, err := raw.join("memory", pid)
-	// only return an error for memory if it was not specified
-	if err != nil && (c.Memory != 0 || c.MemorySwap != 0) {
-		return err
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		if err != nil {
-			os.RemoveAll(dir)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	if c.Memory != 0 || c.MemorySwap != 0 {
-		if c.Memory != 0 {
-			if err := writeFile(dir, "memory.limit_in_bytes", strconv.FormatInt(c.Memory, 10)); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if err := writeFile(dir, "memory.soft_limit_in_bytes", strconv.FormatInt(c.Memory, 10)); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-		// By default, MemorySwap is set to twice the size of RAM.
-		// If you want to omit MemorySwap, set it to `-1'.
-		if c.MemorySwap != -1 {
-			if err := writeFile(dir, "memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes", strconv.FormatInt(c.Memory*2, 10)); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (raw *rawCgroup) setupCpu(c *Cgroup, pid int) (err error) {
-	// We always want to join the cpu group, to allow fair cpu scheduling
-	// on a container basis
-	dir, err := raw.join("cpu", pid)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if c.CpuShares != 0 {
-		if err := writeFile(dir, "cpu.shares", strconv.FormatInt(c.CpuShares, 10)); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (raw *rawCgroup) setupCpuset(c *Cgroup, pid int) (err error) {
-	// we don't want to join this cgroup unless it is specified
-	if c.CpusetCpus != "" {
-		dir, err := raw.join("cpuset", pid)
-		if err != nil && c.CpusetCpus != "" {
-			return err
-		}
-		defer func() {
-			if err != nil {
-				os.RemoveAll(dir)
-			}
-		}()
-
-		if err := writeFile(dir, "cpuset.cpus", c.CpusetCpus); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (raw *rawCgroup) setupCpuacct(c *Cgroup, pid int) error {
-	// we just want to join this group even though we don't set anything
-	if _, err := raw.join("cpuacct", pid); err != nil && err != ErrNotFound {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (raw *rawCgroup) setupBlkio(c *Cgroup, pid int) error {
-	// we just want to join this group even though we don't set anything
-	if _, err := raw.join("blkio", pid); err != nil && err != ErrNotFound {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (raw *rawCgroup) setupPerfevent(c *Cgroup, pid int) error {
-	// we just want to join this group even though we don't set anything
-	if _, err := raw.join("perf_event", pid); err != nil && err != ErrNotFound {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (raw *rawCgroup) setupFreezer(c *Cgroup, pid int) error {
-	// we just want to join this group even though we don't set anything
-	if _, err := raw.join("freezer", pid); err != nil && err != ErrNotFound {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (raw *rawCgroup) Cleanup() error {
-	get := func(subsystem string) string {
-		path, _ := raw.path(subsystem)
-		return path
-	}
-
-	for _, path := range []string{
-		get("memory"),
-		get("devices"),
-		get("cpu"),
-		get("cpuset"),
-		get("cpuacct"),
-		get("blkio"),
-		get("perf_event"),
-		get("freezer"),
-	} {
-		if path != "" {
-			os.RemoveAll(path)
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/cgroups/cgroups.go b/cgroups/cgroups.go
index e5e8f82..3aac971 100644
--- a/cgroups/cgroups.go
+++ b/cgroups/cgroups.go
@@ -1,14 +1,7 @@
 package cgroups
 
 import (
-	"bufio"
 	"errors"
-	"github.com/dotcloud/docker/pkg/mount"
-	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -31,77 +24,3 @@ type Cgroup struct {
 type ActiveCgroup interface {
 	Cleanup() error
 }
-
-// https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt
-func FindCgroupMountpoint(subsystem string) (string, error) {
-	mounts, err := mount.GetMounts()
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	for _, mount := range mounts {
-		if mount.Fstype == "cgroup" {
-			for _, opt := range strings.Split(mount.VfsOpts, ",") {
-				if opt == subsystem {
-					return mount.Mountpoint, nil
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return "", ErrNotFound
-}
-
-// Returns the relative path to the cgroup docker is running in.
-func GetThisCgroupDir(subsystem string) (string, error) {
-	f, err := os.Open("/proc/self/cgroup")
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	defer f.Close()
-
-	return parseCgroupFile(subsystem, f)
-}
-
-func GetInitCgroupDir(subsystem string) (string, error) {
-	f, err := os.Open("/proc/1/cgroup")
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	defer f.Close()
-
-	return parseCgroupFile(subsystem, f)
-}
-
-func parseCgroupFile(subsystem string, r io.Reader) (string, error) {
-	s := bufio.NewScanner(r)
-	for s.Scan() {
-		if err := s.Err(); err != nil {
-			return "", err
-		}
-		text := s.Text()
-		parts := strings.Split(text, ":")
-		for _, subs := range strings.Split(parts[1], ",") {
-			if subs == subsystem {
-				return parts[2], nil
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return "", ErrNotFound
-}
-
-func writeFile(dir, file, data string) error {
-	return ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, file), []byte(data), 0700)
-}
-
-func (c *Cgroup) Apply(pid int) (ActiveCgroup, error) {
-	// We have two implementation of cgroups support, one is based on
-	// systemd and the dbus api, and one is based on raw cgroup fs operations
-	// following the pre-single-writer model docs at:
-	// http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PaxControlGroups/
-
-	if useSystemd() {
-		return systemdApply(c, pid)
-	} else {
-		return rawApply(c, pid)
-	}
-}
diff --git a/cgroups/fs/apply_raw.go b/cgroups/fs/apply_raw.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60f318e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cgroups/fs/apply_raw.go
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+package fs
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/dotcloud/docker/pkg/cgroups"
+)
+
+var (
+	subsystems = map[string]subsystem{
+		"devices":    &devicesGroup{},
+		"memory":     &memoryGroup{},
+		"cpu":        &cpuGroup{},
+		"cpuset":     &cpusetGroup{},
+		"cpuacct":    &cpuacctGroup{},
+		"blkio":      &blkioGroup{},
+		"perf_event": &perfEventGroup{},
+		"freezer":    &freezerGroup{},
+	}
+)
+
+type subsystem interface {
+	Set(*data) error
+	Remove(*data) error
+	Stats(*data) (map[string]float64, error)
+}
+
+type data struct {
+	root   string
+	cgroup string
+	c      *cgroups.Cgroup
+	pid    int
+}
+
+func Apply(c *cgroups.Cgroup, pid int) (cgroups.ActiveCgroup, error) {
+	// We have two implementation of cgroups support, one is based on
+	// systemd and the dbus api, and one is based on raw cgroup fs operations
+	// following the pre-single-writer model docs at:
+	// http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PaxControlGroups/
+	//
+	// we can pick any subsystem to find the root
+
+	cgroupRoot, err := cgroups.FindCgroupMountpoint("cpu")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	cgroupRoot = filepath.Dir(cgroupRoot)
+
+	if _, err := os.Stat(cgroupRoot); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cgroups fs not found")
+	}
+
+	cgroup := c.Name
+	if c.Parent != "" {
+		cgroup = filepath.Join(c.Parent, cgroup)
+	}
+
+	d := &data{
+		root:   cgroupRoot,
+		cgroup: cgroup,
+		c:      c,
+		pid:    pid,
+	}
+	for _, sys := range subsystems {
+		if err := sys.Set(d); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	return d, nil
+}
+
+func GetStats(c *cgroups.Cgroup, subsystem string, pid int) (map[string]float64, error) {
+	cgroupRoot, err := cgroups.FindCgroupMountpoint("cpu")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	cgroupRoot = filepath.Dir(cgroupRoot)
+
+	if _, err := os.Stat(cgroupRoot); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cgroups fs not found")
+	}
+
+	cgroup := c.Name
+	if c.Parent != "" {
+		cgroup = filepath.Join(c.Parent, cgroup)
+	}
+
+	d := &data{
+		root:   cgroupRoot,
+		cgroup: cgroup,
+		c:      c,
+		pid:    pid,
+	}
+	sys, exists := subsystems[subsystem]
+	if !exists {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("subsystem %s does not exist", subsystem)
+	}
+	return sys.Stats(d)
+}
+
+func (raw *data) path(subsystem string) (string, error) {
+	initPath, err := cgroups.GetInitCgroupDir(subsystem)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(raw.root, subsystem, initPath, raw.cgroup), nil
+}
+
+func (raw *data) join(subsystem string) (string, error) {
+	path, err := raw.path(subsystem)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(path, 0755); err != nil && !os.IsExist(err) {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if err := writeFile(path, "cgroup.procs", strconv.Itoa(raw.pid)); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return path, nil
+}
+
+func (raw *data) Cleanup() error {
+	for _, sys := range subsystems {
+		sys.Remove(raw)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func writeFile(dir, file, data string) error {
+	return ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, file), []byte(data), 0700)
+}
+
+func removePath(p string, err error) error {
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if p != "" {
+		return os.RemoveAll(p)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/cgroups/fs/blkio.go b/cgroups/fs/blkio.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79e14fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cgroups/fs/blkio.go
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+package fs
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/dotcloud/docker/pkg/cgroups"
+)
+
+type blkioGroup struct {
+}
+
+func (s *blkioGroup) Set(d *data) error {
+	// we just want to join this group even though we don't set anything
+	if _, err := d.join("blkio"); err != nil && err != cgroups.ErrNotFound {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *blkioGroup) Remove(d *data) error {
+	return removePath(d.path("blkio"))
+}
+
+/*
+examples:
+
+    blkio.sectors
+    8:0 6792
+
+    blkio.io_service_bytes
+    8:0 Read 1282048
+    8:0 Write 2195456
+    8:0 Sync 2195456
+    8:0 Async 1282048
+    8:0 Total 3477504
+    Total 3477504
+
+    blkio.io_serviced
+    8:0 Read 124
+    8:0 Write 104
+    8:0 Sync 104
+    8:0 Async 124
+    8:0 Total 228
+    Total 228
+
+    blkio.io_queued
+    8:0 Read 0
+    8:0 Write 0
+    8:0 Sync 0
+    8:0 Async 0
+    8:0 Total 0
+    Total 0
+*/
+func (s *blkioGroup) Stats(d *data) (map[string]float64, error) {
+	var (
+		paramData = make(map[string]float64)
+		params    = []string{
+			"io_service_bytes_recursive",
+			"io_serviced_recursive",
+			"io_queued_recursive",
+		}
+	)
+
+	path, err := d.path("blkio")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	k, v, err := s.getSectors(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	paramData[fmt.Sprintf("blkio.sectors_recursive:%s", k)] = v
+
+	for _, param := range params {
+		f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(path, fmt.Sprintf("blkio.%s", param)))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		defer f.Close()
+
+		sc := bufio.NewScanner(f)
+		for sc.Scan() {
+			// format: dev type amount
+			fields := strings.Fields(sc.Text())
+			switch len(fields) {
+			case 3:
+				v, err := strconv.ParseFloat(fields[2], 64)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				paramData[fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s:%s", param, fields[0], fields[1])] = v
+			case 2:
+				// this is the total line, skip
+			default:
+				return nil, ErrNotValidFormat
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return paramData, nil
+}
+
+func (s *blkioGroup) getSectors(path string) (string, float64, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(path, "blkio.sectors_recursive"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", 0, err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	data, err := ioutil.ReadAll(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", 0, err
+	}
+	return getCgroupParamKeyValue(string(data))
+}
diff --git a/cgroups/fs/cpu.go b/cgroups/fs/cpu.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8eb0c4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cgroups/fs/cpu.go
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package fs
+
+import (
+	"strconv"
+)
+
+type cpuGroup struct {
+}
+
+func (s *cpuGroup) Set(d *data) error {
+	// We always want to join the cpu group, to allow fair cpu scheduling
+	// on a container basis
+	dir, err := d.join("cpu")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if d.c.CpuShares != 0 {
+		if err := writeFile(dir, "cpu.shares", strconv.FormatInt(d.c.CpuShares, 10)); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *cpuGroup) Remove(d *data) error {
+	return removePath(d.path("cpu"))
+}
+
+func (s *cpuGroup) Stats(d *data) (map[string]float64, error) {
+	// we can reuse the cpuacct subsystem to get the cpu stats
+	sys := subsystems["cpuacct"]
+	return sys.Stats(d)
+}
diff --git a/cgroups/fs/cpuacct.go b/cgroups/fs/cpuacct.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ea2b1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cgroups/fs/cpuacct.go
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+package fs
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/dotcloud/docker/pkg/cgroups"
+	"github.com/dotcloud/docker/pkg/system"
+)
+
+var (
+	cpuCount   = float64(runtime.NumCPU())
+	clockTicks = float64(system.GetClockTicks())
+)
+
+type cpuacctGroup struct {
+}
+
+func (s *cpuacctGroup) Set(d *data) error {
+	// we just want to join this group even though we don't set anything
+	if _, err := d.join("cpuacct"); err != nil && err != cgroups.ErrNotFound {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *cpuacctGroup) Remove(d *data) error {
+	return removePath(d.path("cpuacct"))
+}
+
+func (s *cpuacctGroup) Stats(d *data) (map[string]float64, error) {
+	var (
+		startCpu, lastCpu, startSystem, lastSystem float64
+		percentage                                 float64
+		paramData                                  = make(map[string]float64)
+	)
+	path, err := d.path("cpuacct")
+	if startCpu, err = s.getCpuUsage(d, path); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if startSystem, err = s.getSystemCpuUsage(d); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// sample for 100ms
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	if lastCpu, err = s.getCpuUsage(d, path); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if lastSystem, err = s.getSystemCpuUsage(d); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var (
+		deltaProc   = lastCpu - startCpu
+		deltaSystem = lastSystem - startSystem
+	)
+	if deltaSystem > 0.0 {
+		percentage = ((deltaProc / deltaSystem) * clockTicks) * cpuCount
+	}
+	// NOTE: a percentage over 100% is valid for POSIX because that means the
+	// processes is using multiple cores
+	paramData["percentage"] = percentage
+	return paramData, nil
+}
+
+func (s *cpuacctGroup) getProcStarttime(d *data) (float64, error) {
+	rawStart, err := system.GetProcessStartTime(d.pid)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return strconv.ParseFloat(rawStart, 64)
+}
+
+func (s *cpuacctGroup) getSystemCpuUsage(d *data) (float64, error) {
+
+	f, err := os.Open("/proc/stat")
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	sc := bufio.NewScanner(f)
+	for sc.Scan() {
+		parts := strings.Fields(sc.Text())
+		switch parts[0] {
+		case "cpu":
+			if len(parts) < 8 {
+				return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid number of cpu fields")
+			}
+
+			var total float64
+			for _, i := range parts[1:8] {
+				v, err := strconv.ParseFloat(i, 64)
+				if err != nil {
+					return 0.0, fmt.Errorf("Unable to convert value %s to float: %s", i, err)
+				}
+				total += v
+			}
+			return total, nil
+		default:
+			continue
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid stat format")
+}
+
+func (s *cpuacctGroup) getCpuUsage(d *data, path string) (float64, error) {
+	cpuTotal := 0.0
+	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(path, "cpuacct.stat"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0.0, err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	sc := bufio.NewScanner(f)
+	for sc.Scan() {
+		_, v, err := getCgroupParamKeyValue(sc.Text())
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0.0, err
+		}
+		// set the raw data in map
+		cpuTotal += v
+	}
+	return cpuTotal, nil
+}
diff --git a/cgroups/fs/cpuset.go b/cgroups/fs/cpuset.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a13c56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cgroups/fs/cpuset.go
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package fs
+
+import (
+	"os"
+)
+
+type cpusetGroup struct {
+}
+
+func (s *cpusetGroup) Set(d *data) error {
+	// we don't want to join this cgroup unless it is specified
+	if d.c.CpusetCpus != "" {
+		dir, err := d.join("cpuset")
+		if err != nil && d.c.CpusetCpus != "" {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer func() {
+			if err != nil {
+				os.RemoveAll(dir)
+			}
+		}()
+
+		if err := writeFile(dir, "cpuset.cpus", d.c.CpusetCpus); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *cpusetGroup) Remove(d *data) error {
+	return removePath(d.path("cpuset"))
+}
+
+func (s *cpusetGroup) Stats(d *data) (map[string]float64, error) {
+	return nil, ErrNotSupportStat
+}
diff --git a/cgroups/fs/devices.go b/cgroups/fs/devices.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2f91ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cgroups/fs/devices.go
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+package fs
+
+import (
+	"os"
+)
+
+type devicesGroup struct {
+}
+
+func (s *devicesGroup) Set(d *data) error {
+	dir, err := d.join("devices")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			os.RemoveAll(dir)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if !d.c.DeviceAccess {
+		if err := writeFile(dir, "devices.deny", "a"); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		allow := []string{
+			// allow mknod for any device
+			"c *:* m",
+			"b *:* m",
+
+			// /dev/null, zero, full
+			"c 1:3 rwm",
+			"c 1:5 rwm",
+			"c 1:7 rwm",
+
+			// consoles
+			"c 5:1 rwm",
+			"c 5:0 rwm",
+			"c 4:0 rwm",
+			"c 4:1 rwm",
+
+			// /dev/urandom,/dev/random
+			"c 1:9 rwm",
+			"c 1:8 rwm",
+
+			// /dev/pts/ - pts namespaces are "coming soon"
+			"c 136:* rwm",
+			"c 5:2 rwm",
+
+			// tuntap
+			"c 10:200 rwm",
+		}
+
+		for _, val := range allow {
+			if err := writeFile(dir, "devices.allow", val); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *devicesGroup) Remove(d *data) error {
+	return removePath(d.path("devices"))
+}
+
+func (s *devicesGroup) Stats(d *data) (map[string]float64, error) {
+	return nil, ErrNotSupportStat
+}
diff --git a/cgroups/fs/freezer.go b/cgroups/fs/freezer.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebf5bb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cgroups/fs/freezer.go
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package fs
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/dotcloud/docker/pkg/cgroups"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+type freezerGroup struct {
+}
+
+func (s *freezerGroup) Set(d *data) error {
+	// we just want to join this group even though we don't set anything
+	if _, err := d.join("freezer"); err != nil && err != cgroups.ErrNotFound {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *freezerGroup) Remove(d *data) error {
+	return removePath(d.path("freezer"))
+}
+
+func (s *freezerGroup) Stats(d *data) (map[string]float64, error) {
+	var (
+		paramData = make(map[string]float64)
+		params    = []string{
+			"parent_freezing",
+			"self_freezing",
+			// comment out right now because this is string "state",
+		}
+	)
+
+	path, err := d.path("freezer")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	for _, param := range params {
+		f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(path, fmt.Sprintf("freezer.%s", param)))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		defer f.Close()
+
+		data, err := ioutil.ReadAll(f)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		v, err := strconv.ParseFloat(strings.TrimSuffix(string(data), "\n"), 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		paramData[param] = v
+	}
+	return paramData, nil
+}
diff --git a/cgroups/fs/memory.go b/cgroups/fs/memory.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf4bf5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cgroups/fs/memory.go
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package fs
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+)
+
+type memoryGroup struct {
+}
+
+func (s *memoryGroup) Set(d *data) error {
+	dir, err := d.join("memory")
+	// only return an error for memory if it was not specified
+	if err != nil && (d.c.Memory != 0 || d.c.MemorySwap != 0) {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			os.RemoveAll(dir)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if d.c.Memory != 0 || d.c.MemorySwap != 0 {
+		if d.c.Memory != 0 {
+			if err := writeFile(dir, "memory.limit_in_bytes", strconv.FormatInt(d.c.Memory, 10)); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if err := writeFile(dir, "memory.soft_limit_in_bytes", strconv.FormatInt(d.c.Memory, 10)); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		// By default, MemorySwap is set to twice the size of RAM.
+		// If you want to omit MemorySwap, set it to `-1'.
+		if d.c.MemorySwap != -1 {
+			if err := writeFile(dir, "memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes", strconv.FormatInt(d.c.Memory*2, 10)); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *memoryGroup) Remove(d *data) error {
+	return removePath(d.path("memory"))
+}
+
+func (s *memoryGroup) Stats(d *data) (map[string]float64, error) {
+	paramData := make(map[string]float64)
+	path, err := d.path("memory")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(path, "memory.stat"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	sc := bufio.NewScanner(f)
+	for sc.Scan() {
+		t, v, err := getCgroupParamKeyValue(sc.Text())
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		paramData[t] = v
+	}
+	return paramData, nil
+}
diff --git a/cgroups/fs/perf_event.go b/cgroups/fs/perf_event.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..789b3e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cgroups/fs/perf_event.go
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package fs
+
+import (
+	"github.com/dotcloud/docker/pkg/cgroups"
+)
+
+type perfEventGroup struct {
+}
+
+func (s *perfEventGroup) Set(d *data) error {
+	// we just want to join this group even though we don't set anything
+	if _, err := d.join("perf_event"); err != nil && err != cgroups.ErrNotFound {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *perfEventGroup) Remove(d *data) error {
+	return removePath(d.path("perf_event"))
+}
+
+func (s *perfEventGroup) Stats(d *data) (map[string]float64, error) {
+	return nil, ErrNotSupportStat
+}
diff --git a/cgroups/fs/utils.go b/cgroups/fs/utils.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4c4846
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cgroups/fs/utils.go
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package fs
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrNotSupportStat = errors.New("stats are not supported for subsystem")
+	ErrNotValidFormat = errors.New("line is not a valid key value format")
+)
+
+// Parses a cgroup param and returns as name, value
+//  i.e. "io_service_bytes 1234" will return as io_service_bytes, 1234
+func getCgroupParamKeyValue(t string) (string, float64, error) {
+	parts := strings.Fields(t)
+	switch len(parts) {
+	case 2:
+		value, err := strconv.ParseFloat(parts[1], 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", 0.0, fmt.Errorf("Unable to convert param value to float: %s", err)
+		}
+		return parts[0], value, nil
+	default:
+		return "", 0.0, ErrNotValidFormat
+	}
+}
diff --git a/cgroups/systemd/apply_nosystemd.go b/cgroups/systemd/apply_nosystemd.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..226aa59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cgroups/systemd/apply_nosystemd.go
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// +build !linux
+
+package systemd
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/dotcloud/docker/pkg/cgroups"
+)
+
+func UseSystemd() bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+func systemdApply(c *Cgroup, pid int) (cgroups.ActiveCgroup, error) {
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("Systemd not supported")
+}
diff --git a/cgroups/apply_systemd.go b/cgroups/systemd/apply_systemd.go
similarity index 86%
rename from cgroups/apply_systemd.go
rename to cgroups/systemd/apply_systemd.go
index a9b3a8d..7c26080 100644
--- a/cgroups/apply_systemd.go
+++ b/cgroups/systemd/apply_systemd.go
@@ -1,27 +1,35 @@
 // +build linux
 
-package cgroups
+package systemd
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	systemd1 "github.com/coreos/go-systemd/dbus"
-	"github.com/dotcloud/docker/pkg/systemd"
-	"github.com/godbus/dbus"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+
+	systemd1 "github.com/coreos/go-systemd/dbus"
+	"github.com/dotcloud/docker/pkg/cgroups"
+	"github.com/dotcloud/docker/pkg/systemd"
+	"github.com/godbus/dbus"
 )
 
 type systemdCgroup struct {
 }
 
+type DeviceAllow struct {
+	Node        string
+	Permissions string
+}
+
 var (
 	connLock              sync.Mutex
 	theConn               *systemd1.Conn
 	hasStartTransientUnit bool
 )
 
-func useSystemd() bool {
+func UseSystemd() bool {
 	if !systemd.SdBooted() {
 		return false
 	}
@@ -48,15 +56,9 @@ func useSystemd() bool {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-
 	return hasStartTransientUnit
 }
 
-type DeviceAllow struct {
-	Node        string
-	Permissions string
-}
-
 func getIfaceForUnit(unitName string) string {
 	if strings.HasSuffix(unitName, ".scope") {
 		return "Scope"
@@ -67,11 +69,12 @@ func getIfaceForUnit(unitName string) string {
 	return "Unit"
 }
 
-func systemdApply(c *Cgroup, pid int) (ActiveCgroup, error) {
-	unitName := c.Parent + "-" + c.Name + ".scope"
-	slice := "system.slice"
-
-	var properties []systemd1.Property
+func Apply(c *cgroups.Cgroup, pid int) (cgroups.ActiveCgroup, error) {
+	var (
+		unitName   = c.Parent + "-" + c.Name + ".scope"
+		slice      = "system.slice"
+		properties []systemd1.Property
+	)
 
 	for _, v := range c.UnitProperties {
 		switch v[0] {
@@ -85,7 +88,8 @@ func systemdApply(c *Cgroup, pid int) (ActiveCgroup, error) {
 	properties = append(properties,
 		systemd1.Property{"Slice", dbus.MakeVariant(slice)},
 		systemd1.Property{"Description", dbus.MakeVariant("docker container " + c.Name)},
-		systemd1.Property{"PIDs", dbus.MakeVariant([]uint32{uint32(pid)})})
+		systemd1.Property{"PIDs", dbus.MakeVariant([]uint32{uint32(pid)})},
+	)
 
 	if !c.DeviceAccess {
 		properties = append(properties,
@@ -138,7 +142,7 @@ func systemdApply(c *Cgroup, pid int) (ActiveCgroup, error) {
 	cgroup := props["ControlGroup"].(string)
 
 	if !c.DeviceAccess {
-		mountpoint, err := FindCgroupMountpoint("devices")
+		mountpoint, err := cgroups.FindCgroupMountpoint("devices")
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -146,15 +150,14 @@ func systemdApply(c *Cgroup, pid int) (ActiveCgroup, error) {
 		path := filepath.Join(mountpoint, cgroup)
 
 		// /dev/pts/*
-		if err := writeFile(path, "devices.allow", "c 136:* rwm"); err != nil {
+		if err := ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(path, "devices.allow"), []byte("c 136:* rwm"), 0700); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		// tuntap
-		if err := writeFile(path, "devices.allow", "c 10:200 rwm"); err != nil {
+		if err := ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(path, "devices.allow"), []byte("c 10:200 rwm"), 0700); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
-
 	return &systemdCgroup{}, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/cgroups/utils.go b/cgroups/utils.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02a7f35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cgroups/utils.go
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package cgroups
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/dotcloud/docker/pkg/mount"
+)
+
+// https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt
+func FindCgroupMountpoint(subsystem string) (string, error) {
+	mounts, err := mount.GetMounts()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	for _, mount := range mounts {
+		if mount.Fstype == "cgroup" {
+			for _, opt := range strings.Split(mount.VfsOpts, ",") {
+				if opt == subsystem {
+					return mount.Mountpoint, nil
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return "", ErrNotFound
+}
+
+// Returns the relative path to the cgroup docker is running in.
+func GetThisCgroupDir(subsystem string) (string, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open("/proc/self/cgroup")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	return parseCgroupFile(subsystem, f)
+}
+
+func GetInitCgroupDir(subsystem string) (string, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open("/proc/1/cgroup")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	return parseCgroupFile(subsystem, f)
+}
+
+func parseCgroupFile(subsystem string, r io.Reader) (string, error) {
+	s := bufio.NewScanner(r)
+	for s.Scan() {
+		if err := s.Err(); err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		text := s.Text()
+		parts := strings.Split(text, ":")
+		for _, subs := range strings.Split(parts[1], ",") {
+			if subs == subsystem {
+				return parts[2], nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return "", ErrNotFound
+}
diff --git a/libcontainer/nsinit/exec.go b/libcontainer/nsinit/exec.go
index c07c45d..e76e060 100644
--- a/libcontainer/nsinit/exec.go
+++ b/libcontainer/nsinit/exec.go
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import (
 	"syscall"
 
 	"github.com/dotcloud/docker/pkg/cgroups"
+	"github.com/dotcloud/docker/pkg/cgroups/fs"
+	"github.com/dotcloud/docker/pkg/cgroups/systemd"
 	"github.com/dotcloud/docker/pkg/libcontainer"
 	"github.com/dotcloud/docker/pkg/libcontainer/network"
 	"github.com/dotcloud/docker/pkg/system"
@@ -99,7 +101,11 @@ func (ns *linuxNs) Exec(container *libcontainer.Container, term Terminal, args [
 
 func (ns *linuxNs) SetupCgroups(container *libcontainer.Container, nspid int) (cgroups.ActiveCgroup, error) {
 	if container.Cgroups != nil {
-		return container.Cgroups.Apply(nspid)
+		c := container.Cgroups
+		if systemd.UseSystemd() {
+			return systemd.Apply(c, nspid)
+		}
+		return fs.Apply(c, nspid)
 	}
 	return nil, nil
 }
diff --git a/system/sysconfig.go b/system/sysconfig.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcbe6c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/system/sysconfig.go
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// +build linux,cgo
+
+package system
+
+/*
+#include <unistd.h>
+int get_hz(void) { return sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK); }
+*/
+import "C"
+
+func GetClockTicks() int {
+	return int(C.get_hz())
+}
diff --git a/system/sysconfig_nocgo.go b/system/sysconfig_nocgo.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ca3488
--- /dev/null
+++ b/system/sysconfig_nocgo.go
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// +build linux,!cgo
+
+package system
+
+func GetClockTicks() int {
+	// when we cannot call out to C to get the sysconf it is fairly safe to
+	// just return 100
+	return 100
+}
diff --git a/system/unsupported.go b/system/unsupported.go
index c52a1e5..4ae2a48 100644
--- a/system/unsupported.go
+++ b/system/unsupported.go
@@ -17,3 +17,9 @@ func UsetCloseOnExec(fd uintptr) error {
 func Gettid() int {
 	return 0
 }
+
+func GetClockTicks() int {
+	// when we cannot call out to C to get the sysconf it is fairly safe to
+	// just return 100
+	return 100
+}