The first step to creating an image is to create a container and fill it with some data.
First we'll create a container with a single new file based off of the busybox base image:
sudo docker run busybox echo "fun" > newfile
The container will immediately terminate (because its one command is echo), so we'll use docker ps -l to list it:
sudo docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED
07f2065197ef          busybox:latest        echo fun            31 seconds ago