Define common regexps used across registry application

This commit adds regular expression definitions for several string identifiers
used througout the registry. The repository name regex supports up to five path
path components and restricts repeated periods, dashes and underscores. The tag
regex simply validates the length of the tag and that printable characters are
required.

Though we define a new package common, these definition should land in docker
core.

common/tarsum_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package common
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestParseTarSumComponents(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, testcase := range []struct {
+		input    string
+		expected TarSumInfo
+		err      error
+	}{
+		{
+			input: "tarsum.v1+sha256:220a60ecd4a3c32c282622a625a54db9ba0ff55b5ba9c29c7064a2bc358b6a3e",
+			expected: TarSumInfo{
+				Version:   "v1",
+				Algorithm: "sha256",
+				Digest:    "220a60ecd4a3c32c282622a625a54db9ba0ff55b5ba9c29c7064a2bc358b6a3e",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			input: "",
+			err:   InvalidTarSumError{},
+		},
+		{
+			input: "purejunk",
+			err:   InvalidTarSumError{TarSum: "purejunk"},
+		},
+		{
+			input: "tarsum.v23+test:12341234123412341effefefe",
+			expected: TarSumInfo{
+				Version:   "v23",
+				Algorithm: "test",
+				Digest:    "12341234123412341effefefe",
+			},
+		},
+
+		// The following test cases are ported from docker core
+		{
+			// Version 0 tarsum
+			input: "tarsum+sha256:e58fcf7418d4390dec8e8fb69d88c06ec07039d651fedd3aa72af9972e7d046b",
+			expected: TarSumInfo{
+				Algorithm: "sha256",
+				Digest:    "e58fcf7418d4390dec8e8fb69d88c06ec07039d651fedd3aa72af9972e7d046b",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			// Dev version tarsum
+			input: "tarsum.dev+sha256:e58fcf7418d4390dec8e8fb69d88c06ec07039d651fedd3aa72af9972e7d046b",
+			expected: TarSumInfo{
+				Version:   "dev",
+				Algorithm: "sha256",
+				Digest:    "e58fcf7418d4390dec8e8fb69d88c06ec07039d651fedd3aa72af9972e7d046b",
+			},
+		},
+	} {
+		tsi, err := ParseTarSum(testcase.input)
+		if err != nil {
+			if testcase.err != nil && err == testcase.err {
+				continue // passes
+			}
+
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error parsing tarsum: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		if testcase.err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected error not encountered on %q: %v", testcase.input, testcase.err)
+		}
+
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(tsi, testcase.expected) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected tarsum info: %v != %v", tsi, testcase.expected)
+		}
+
+		if testcase.input != tsi.String() {
+			t.Fatalf("input should equal output: %q != %q", tsi.String(), testcase.input)
+		}
+	}
+}