Move Digest type into discrete package

The Digest type will be fairly central for blob and layer management. The type
presented in this package provides a number of core features that should enable
reliable use within the registry. This commit will be followed by others that
convert the storage layer and webapp to use this type as the primary layer/blob
CAS identifier.

digest/digest_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package digest
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestParseDigest(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, testcase := range []struct {
+		input     string
+		err       error
+		algorithm string
+		hex       string
+	}{
+		{
+			input:     "tarsum+sha256:e58fcf7418d4390dec8e8fb69d88c06ec07039d651fedd3aa72af9972e7d046b",
+			algorithm: "tarsum+sha256",
+			hex:       "e58fcf7418d4390dec8e8fb69d88c06ec07039d651fedd3aa72af9972e7d046b",
+		},
+		{
+			input:     "tarsum.dev+sha256:e58fcf7418d4390dec8e8fb69d88c06ec07039d651fedd3aa72af9972e7d046b",
+			algorithm: "tarsum.dev+sha256",
+			hex:       "e58fcf7418d4390dec8e8fb69d88c06ec07039d651fedd3aa72af9972e7d046b",
+		},
+		{
+			input:     "tarsum.v1+sha256:220a60ecd4a3c32c282622a625a54db9ba0ff55b5ba9c29c7064a2bc358b6a3e",
+			algorithm: "tarsum.v1+sha256",
+			hex:       "220a60ecd4a3c32c282622a625a54db9ba0ff55b5ba9c29c7064a2bc358b6a3e",
+		},
+		{
+			input:     "sha256:e58fcf7418d4390dec8e8fb69d88c06ec07039d651fedd3aa72af9972e7d046b",
+			algorithm: "sha256",
+			hex:       "e58fcf7418d4390dec8e8fb69d88c06ec07039d651fedd3aa72af9972e7d046b",
+		},
+		{
+			input:     "md5:d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e",
+			algorithm: "md5",
+			hex:       "d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e",
+		},
+		{
+			// empty hex
+			input: "sha256:",
+			err:   ErrDigestInvalidFormat,
+		},
+		{
+			// just hex
+			input: "d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e",
+			err:   ErrDigestInvalidFormat,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "foo:d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e",
+			err:   ErrDigestUnsupported,
+		},
+	} {
+		digest, err := ParseDigest(testcase.input)
+		if err != testcase.err {
+			t.Fatalf("error differed from expected while parsing %q: %v != %v", testcase.input, err, testcase.err)
+		}
+
+		if testcase.err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if digest.Algorithm() != testcase.algorithm {
+			t.Fatalf("incorrect algorithm for parsed digest: %q != %q", digest.Algorithm(), testcase.algorithm)
+		}
+
+		if digest.Hex() != testcase.hex {
+			t.Fatalf("incorrect hex for parsed digest: %q != %q", digest.Hex(), testcase.hex)
+		}
+
+		// Parse string return value and check equality
+		newParsed, err := ParseDigest(digest.String())
+
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error parsing input %q: %v", testcase.input, err)
+		}
+
+		if newParsed != digest {
+			t.Fatalf("expected equal: %q != %q", newParsed, digest)
+		}
+	}
+}