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Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bunk/trivial 

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bunk/trivial: (39 commits)
  Add missing maintainer countries in CREDITS
  Fix bytes <-> kilobytes  typo in Kconfig for ramdisk
  fix a typo in Documentation/pi-futex.txt
  BUG_ON conversion for fs/xfs/
  BUG_ON() conversion in fs/nfsd/
  BUG_ON conversion for fs/reiserfs
  BUG_ON cleanups in arch/i386
  BUG_ON cleanup in drivers/net/tokenring/
  BUG_ON cleanup for drivers/md/
  kerneldoc-typo in led-class.c
  debugfs: spelling fix
  rcutorture: Fix incorrect description of default for nreaders parameter
  parport: Remove space in function calls
  Michal Wronski: update contact info
  Spelling fix: "control" instead of "cotrol"
  reboot parameter in Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
  Fix copy&waste bug in comment in scripts/kernel-doc
  remove duplicate "until" from kernel/workqueue.c
  ite_gpio fix tabbage
  fix file specification in comments
  ...

Fixed trivial path conflicts due to removed files:
   arch/mips/dec/boot/decstation.c, drivers/char/ite_gpio.c
This commit is contained in:
Linus Torvalds 2006-10-03 16:35:11 -07:00
parent f3c87a8999 a847825970
commit 708e16892e
596 changed files with 1095 additions and 1333 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

8
CREDITS
View File

@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ E: magrawal@nortelnetworks.com
D: Basic Interphase 5575 driver with UBR and ABR support.
S: 75 Donald St, Apt 42
S: Weymouth, MA 02188
S: USA
N: Dave Airlie
E: airlied@linux.ie
@ -202,6 +203,7 @@ S: MS42
S: Hewlett-Packard
S: 3404 E Harmony Rd
S: Fort Collins, CO 80525
S: USA
N: Arindam Banerji
E: axb@cse.nd.edu
@ -444,6 +446,7 @@ E: rbradetich@uswest.net
D: Linux/PA-RISC hacker
S: 1200 Goldenrod Dr.
S: Nampa, Idaho 83686
S: USA
N: Derrick J. Brashear
E: shadow@dementia.org
@ -633,6 +636,7 @@ E: scole@lanl.gov
E: elenstev@mesatop.com
D: Various build fixes and kernel documentation.
S: Los Alamos, New Mexico
S: USA
N: Hamish Coleman
E: hamish@zot.apana.org.au
@ -2009,6 +2013,7 @@ W: http://www.mathematik.uni-stuttgart.de/~floeff
D: Busmaster driver for HP 10/100 Mbit Network Adapters
S: University of Stuttgart, Germany and
S: Ecole Nationale Superieure des Telecommunications, Paris
S: France
N: Jamie Lokier
E: jamie@shareable.org
@ -2178,6 +2183,7 @@ S: Hewlett Packard
S: MS 42
S: 3404 E. Harmony Road
S: Fort Collins, CO 80528
S: USA
N: Torben Mathiasen
E: torben.mathiasen@compaq.com
@ -3658,7 +3664,7 @@ S: Portland, OR
S: USA
N: Michal Wronski
E: Michal.Wronski@motorola.com
E: michal.wronski@gmail.com
D: POSIX message queues fs (with K. Benedyczak)
S: Krakow
S: Poland

4
Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt
View File

@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ The query is performed via a call to pci_set_dma_mask():
int pci_set_dma_mask(struct pci_dev *pdev, u64 device_mask);
The query for consistent allocations is performed via a a call to
The query for consistent allocations is performed via a call to
pci_set_consistent_dma_mask():
int pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(struct pci_dev *pdev, u64 device_mask);
@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ device_mask is a bit mask describing which bits of a PCI address your
device supports. It returns zero if your card can perform DMA
properly on the machine given the address mask you provided.
If it returns non-zero, your device can not perform DMA properly on
If it returns non-zero, your device cannot perform DMA properly on
this platform, and attempting to do so will result in undefined
behavior. You must either use a different mask, or not use DMA.

2
Documentation/DocBook/libata.tmpl
View File

@ -1400,7 +1400,7 @@ and other resources, etc.
<listitem>
<para>
When it's known that HBA is in ready state but ATA/ATAPI
device in in unknown state, reset only device.
device is in unknown state, reset only device.
</para>
</listitem>

5
Documentation/DocBook/usb.tmpl
View File

@ -314,8 +314,7 @@
<emphasis>usbdevfs</emphasis> although it wasn't solving what
<emphasis>devfs</emphasis> was.
Every USB device will appear in usbfs, regardless of whether or
not it has a kernel driver; but only devices with kernel drivers
show up in devfs.
not it has a kernel driver.
</para>
<sect1>
@ -741,7 +740,7 @@ usbdev_ioctl (int fd, int ifno, unsigned request, void *param)
<title>Synchronous I/O Support</title>
<para>Synchronous requests involve the kernel blocking
until until the user mode request completes, either by
until the user mode request completes, either by
finishing successfully or by reporting an error.
In most cases this is the simplest way to use usbfs,
although as noted above it does prevent performing I/O

7
Documentation/DocBook/writing_usb_driver.tmpl
View File

@ -224,13 +224,8 @@ static int skel_probe(struct usb_interface *interface,
Conversely, when the device is removed from the USB bus, the disconnect
function is called with the device pointer. The driver needs to clean any
private data that has been allocated at this time and to shut down any
pending urbs that are in the USB system. The driver also unregisters
itself from the devfs subsystem with the call:
pending urbs that are in the USB system.
</para>
<programlisting>
/* remove our devfs node */
devfs_unregister(skel->devfs);
</programlisting>
<para>
Now that the device is plugged into the system and the driver is bound to
the device, any of the functions in the file_operations structure that

4
Documentation/IPMI.txt
View File

@ -468,12 +468,12 @@ BMCs specified on the smb_addr line will be detected.
Setting smb_dbg_probe to 1 will enable debugging of the probing and
detection process for BMCs on the SMBusses.
Discovering the IPMI compilant BMC on the SMBus can cause devices
Discovering the IPMI compliant BMC on the SMBus can cause devices
on the I2C bus to fail. The SMBus driver writes a "Get Device ID" IPMI
message as a block write to the I2C bus and waits for a response.
This action can be detrimental to some I2C devices. It is highly recommended
that the known I2c address be given to the SMBus driver in the smb_addr
parameter. The default adrress range will not be used when a smb_addr
parameter. The default address range will not be used when a smb_addr
parameter is provided.
When compiled into the kernel, the addresses can be specified on the

2
Documentation/MSI-HOWTO.txt
View File

@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ y = The number of MSI capable devices populated in the system.
vector reserved to avoid the case where some MSI-X capable
drivers may attempt to claim all available vector resources.
z = The number of MSI-X capable devices pupulated in the system.
z = The number of MSI-X capable devices populated in the system.
This policy ensures that maximum (x - y) is distributed
evenly among MSI-X capable devices.

4
Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt
View File

@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ The rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock() primitive read-acquire
and release a global reader-writer lock. The synchronize_rcu()
primitive write-acquires this same lock, then immediately releases
it. This means that once synchronize_rcu() exits, all RCU read-side
critical sections that were in progress before synchonize_rcu() was
critical sections that were in progress before synchronize_rcu() was
called are guaranteed to have completed -- there is no way that
synchronize_rcu() would have been able to write-acquire the lock
otherwise.
@ -750,7 +750,7 @@ Or, for those who prefer a side-by-side listing:
Either way, the differences are quite small. Read-side locking moves
to rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock, update-side locking moves from
from a reader-writer lock to a simple spinlock, and a synchronize_rcu()
a reader-writer lock to a simple spinlock, and a synchronize_rcu()
precedes the kfree().
However, there is one potential catch: the read-side and update-side

2
Documentation/aoe/todo.txt
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ not been observed, but it would be nice to eliminate any potential for
deadlock under memory pressure.
Because ATA over Ethernet is not fragmented by the kernel's IP code,
the destructore member of the struct sk_buff is available to the aoe
the destructor member of the struct sk_buff is available to the aoe
driver. By using a mempool for allocating all but the first few
sk_buffs, and by registering a destructor, we should be able to
efficiently allocate sk_buffs without introducing any potential for

4
Documentation/arm/SA1100/serial_UART
View File

@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ The SA1100 serial port had its major/minor numbers officially assigned:
> 7 = /dev/cusa2 Callout device for ttySA2
>
If you're not using devfs, you must create those inodes in /dev
on the root filesystem used by your SA1100-based device:
You must create those inodes in /dev on the root filesystem used
by your SA1100-based device:
mknod ttySA0 c 204 5
mknod ttySA1 c 204 6

2
Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/EB2410ITX.txt
View File

@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ MTD
---
The NAND and NOR support has been merged from the linux-mtd project.
Any prolbems, see http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/ for more
Any problems, see http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/ for more
information or up-to-date versions of linux-mtd.

2
Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/GPIO.txt
View File

@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Headers
header include/asm-arm/arch-s3c2410/hardware.h which can be
included by #include <asm/arch/hardware.h>
A useful ammount of documentation can be found in the hardware
A useful amount of documentation can be found in the hardware
header on how the GPIO functions (and others) work.
Whilst a number of these functions do make some checks on what

2
Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/Overview.txt
View File

@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ Machines
Adding New Machines
-------------------
The archicture has been designed to support as many machines as can
The architecture has been designed to support as many machines as can
be configured for it in one kernel build, and any future additions
should keep this in mind before altering items outside of their own
machine files.

2
Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/S3C2412.txt
View File

@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ RTC
Watchdog
--------
The watchdog harware is the same as the S3C2410, and is supported by
The watchdog hardware is the same as the S3C2410, and is supported by
the s3c2410_wdt driver.

4
Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt
View File

@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ contrast, many write requests may be dispatched to the disk controller
at a time during a write batch. It is this characteristic that can make
the anticipatory scheduler perform anomalously with controllers supporting
TCQ, or with hardware striped RAID devices. Setting the antic_expire
queue paramter (see below) to zero disables this behavior, and the anticipatory
scheduler behaves essentially like the deadline scheduler.
queue parameter (see below) to zero disables this behavior, and the
anticipatory scheduler behaves essentially like the deadline scheduler.
When read anticipation is enabled (antic_expire is not zero), reads
are dispatched to the disk controller one at a time.

6
Documentation/block/barrier.txt
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@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ of the following three ways.
i. For devices which have queue depth greater than 1 (TCQ devices) and
support ordered tags, block layer can just issue the barrier as an
ordered request and the lower level driver, controller and drive
itself are responsible for making sure that the ordering contraint is
itself are responsible for making sure that the ordering constraint is
met. Most modern SCSI controllers/drives should support this.
NOTE: SCSI ordered tag isn't currently used due to limitation in the
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ iii. Devices which have queue depth of 1. This is a degenerate case
of ii. Just keeping issue order suffices. Ancient SCSI
controllers/drives and IDE drives are in this category.
2. Forced flushing to physcial medium
2. Forced flushing to physical medium
Again, if you're not gonna do synchronization with disk drives (dang,
it sounds even more appealing now!), the reason you use I/O barriers
@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ There are four cases,
i. No write-back cache. Keeping requests ordered is enough.
ii. Write-back cache but no flush operation. There's no way to
gurantee physical-medium commit order. This kind of devices can't to
guarantee physical-medium commit order. This kind of devices can't to
I/O barriers.
iii. Write-back cache and flush operation but no FUA (forced unit

10
Documentation/block/biodoc.txt
View File

@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ Some new queue property settings:
Sets two variables that limit the size of the request.
- The request queue's max_sectors, which is a soft size in
in units of 512 byte sectors, and could be dynamically varied
units of 512 byte sectors, and could be dynamically varied
by the core kernel.
- The request queue's max_hw_sectors, which is a hard limit
@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ all the outstanding requests. There's a third helper to do that:
blk_queue_invalidate_tags(request_queue_t *q)
Clear the internal block tag queue and readd all the pending requests
Clear the internal block tag queue and re-add all the pending requests
to the request queue. The driver will receive them again on the
next request_fn run, just like it did the first time it encountered
them.
@ -890,7 +890,7 @@ Aside:
Kvec i/o:
Ben LaHaise's aio code uses a slighly different structure instead
Ben LaHaise's aio code uses a slightly different structure instead
of kiobufs, called a kvec_cb. This contains an array of <page, offset, len>
tuples (very much like the networking code), together with a callback function
and data pointer. This is embedded into a brw_cb structure when passed
@ -988,7 +988,7 @@ elevator_exit_fn Allocate and free any elevator specific storage
for a queue.
4.2 Request flows seen by I/O schedulers
All requests seens by I/O schedulers strictly follow one of the following three
All requests seen by I/O schedulers strictly follow one of the following three
flows.
set_req_fn ->
@ -1203,6 +1203,6 @@ temporarily map a bio into the virtual address space.
and Linus' comments - Jan 2001)
9.2 Discussions about kiobuf and bh design on lkml between sct, linus, alan
et al - Feb-March 2001 (many of the initial thoughts that led to bio were
brought up in this discusion thread)
brought up in this discussion thread)
9.3 Discussions on mempool on lkml - Dec 2001.

4
Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt
View File

@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ you can do so by typing:
read_expire (in ms)
-----------
The goal of the deadline io scheduler is to attempt to guarentee a start
The goal of the deadline io scheduler is to attempt to guarantee a start
service time for a request. As we focus mainly on read latencies, this is
tunable. When a read request first enters the io scheduler, it is assigned
a deadline that is the current time + the read_expire value in units of
miliseconds.
milliseconds.
write_expire (in ms)

4
Documentation/cciss.txt
View File

@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ the /proc filesystem entry which the "block" side of the driver creates as
the SCSI core may not yet be initialized (because the driver is a block
driver) and attempting to register it with the SCSI core in such a case
would cause a hang. This is best done via an initialization script
(typically in /etc/init.d, but could vary depending on distibution).
(typically in /etc/init.d, but could vary depending on distribution).
For example:
for x in /proc/driver/cciss/cciss[0-9]*
@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ side during the SCSI error recovery process, the cciss driver only
implements the first two of these actions, aborting the command, and
resetting the device. Additionally, most tape drives will not oblige
in aborting commands, and sometimes it appears they will not even
obey a reset coommand, though in most circumstances they will. In
obey a reset command, though in most circumstances they will. In
the case that the command cannot be aborted and the device cannot be
reset, the device will be set offline.

70
Documentation/computone.txt
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@ -199,30 +199,6 @@ boxes this will leave gaps in the sequence of device names. ip2mkdev uses
Linux tty naming conventions: ttyF0 - ttyF255 for normal devices, and
cuf0 - cuf255 for callout devices.
If you are using devfs, existing devices are automatically created within
the devfs name space. Normal devices will be tts/F0 - tts/F255 and callout
devices will be cua/F0 - cua/F255. With devfs installed, ip2mkdev will
create symbolic links in /dev from the old conventional names to the newer
devfs names as follows:
/dev/ip2ipl[n] -> /dev/ip2/ipl[n] n = 0 - 3
/dev/ip2stat[n] -> /dev/ip2/stat[n] n = 0 - 3
/dev/ttyF[n] -> /dev/tts/F[n] n = 0 - 255
/dev/cuf[n] -> /dev/cua/F[n] n = 0 - 255
Only devices for existing ports and boards will be created.
IMPORTANT NOTE: The naming convention used for devfs by this driver
was changed from 1.2.12 to 1.2.13. The old naming convention was to
use ttf/%d for the tty device and cuf/%d for the cua device. That
has been changed to conform to an agreed-upon standard of placing
all the tty devices under tts. The device names are now tts/F%d for
the tty device and cua/F%d for the cua devices. If you were using
the older devfs names, you must update for the newer convention.
You do not need to run ip2mkdev if you are using devfs and only want to
use the devfs native device names.
4. USING THE DRIVERS
@ -256,57 +232,15 @@ cut out and run as "ip2mkdev" to create the necessary device files. To
use the ip2mkdev script, you must have procfs enabled and the proc file
system mounted on /proc.
You do not need to run ip2mkdev if you are using devfs and only want to
use the devfs native device names.
6. DEVFS
DEVFS is the DEVice File System available as an add on package for the
2.2.x kernels and available as a configuration option in 2.3.46 and higher.
Devfs allows for the automatic creation and management of device names
under control of the device drivers themselves. The Devfs namespace is
hierarchical and reduces the clutter present in the normal flat /dev
namespace. Devfs names and conventional device names may be intermixed.
A userspace daemon, devfsd, exists to allow for automatic creation and
management of symbolic links from the devfs name space to the conventional
names. More details on devfs can be found on the DEVFS home site at
<http://www.atnf.csiro.au/~rgooch/linux/> or in the file kernel
documentation files, .../linux/Documentation/filesystems/devfs/README.
If you are using devfs, existing devices are automatically created within
the devfs name space. Normal devices will be tts/F0 - tts/F255 and callout
devices will be cua/F0 - cua/F255. With devfs installed, ip2mkdev will
create symbolic links in /dev from the old conventional names to the newer
devfs names as follows:
/dev/ip2ipl[n] -> /dev/ip2/ipl[n] n = 0 - 3
/dev/ip2stat[n] -> /dev/ip2/stat[n] n = 0 - 3
/dev/ttyF[n] -> /dev/tts/F[n] n = 0 - 255
/dev/cuf[n] -> /dev/cua/F[n] n = 0 - 255
Only devices for existing ports and boards will be created.
IMPORTANT NOTE: The naming convention used for devfs by this driver
was changed from 1.2.12 to 1.2.13. The old naming convention was to
use ttf/%d for the tty device and cuf/%d for the cua device. That
has been changed to conform to an agreed-upon standard of placing
all the tty devices under tts. The device names are now tts/F%d for
the tty device and cua/F%d for the cua devices. If you were using
the older devfs names, you must update for the newer convention.
You do not need to run ip2mkdev if you are using devfs and only want to
use the devfs native device names.
7. NOTES
6. NOTES
This is a release version of the driver, but it is impossible to test it
in all configurations of Linux. If there is any anomalous behaviour that
does not match the standard serial port's behaviour please let us know.
8. ip2mkdev shell script
7. ip2mkdev shell script
Previously, this script was simply attached here. It is now attached as a
shar archive to make it easier to extract the script from the documentation.

10
Documentation/cpu-freq/cpufreq-stats.txt
View File

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
CPU frequency and voltage scaling statictics in the Linux(TM) kernel
CPU frequency and voltage scaling statistics in the Linux(TM) kernel
L i n u x c p u f r e q - s t a t s d r i v e r
@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ Contents
1. Introduction
cpufreq-stats is a driver that provices CPU frequency statistics for each CPU.
This statistics is provided in /sysfs as a bunch of read_only interfaces. This
interface (when configured) will appear in a seperate directory under cpufreq
These statistics are provided in /sysfs as a bunch of read_only interfaces. This
interface (when configured) will appear in a separate directory under cpufreq
in /sysfs (<sysfs root>/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpufreq/stats/) for each CPU.
Various statistics will form read_only files under this directory.
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 May 14 15:58 ..
This gives the amount of time spent in each of the frequencies supported by
this CPU. The cat output will have "<frequency> <time>" pair in each line, which
will mean this CPU spent <time> usertime units of time at <frequency>. Output
will have one line for each of the supported freuencies. usertime units here
will have one line for each of the supported frequencies. usertime units here
is 10mS (similar to other time exported in /proc).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ basic statistics which includes time_in_state and total_trans.
"CPU frequency translation statistics details" (CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_STAT_DETAILS)
provides fine grained cpufreq stats by trans_table. The reason for having a
seperate config option for trans_table is:
separate config option for trans_table is:
- trans_table goes against the traditional /sysfs rule of one value per
interface. It provides a whole bunch of value in a 2 dimensional matrix
form.

12
Documentation/cpu-freq/governors.txt
View File

@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ selected for each specific use.
Basically, it's the following flow graph:
CPU can be set to switch independetly | CPU can only be set
CPU can be set to switch independently | CPU can only be set
within specific "limits" | to specific frequencies
"CPUfreq policy"
@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ directory.
2.4 Ondemand
------------
The CPUfreq govenor "ondemand" sets the CPU depending on the
The CPUfreq governor "ondemand" sets the CPU depending on the
current usage. To do this the CPU must have the capability to
switch the frequency very quickly. There are a number of sysfs file
accessible parameters:
@ -137,11 +137,11 @@ have to be made in a row before the CPU frequency is actually lower.
If set to '1' then the frequency decreases as quickly as it increases,
if set to '2' it decreases at half the rate of the increase.
ignore_nice_load: this parameter takes a value of '0' or '1', when set
to '0' (its default) then all processes are counted towards towards the
'cpu utilisation' value. When set to '1' then processes that are
ignore_nice_load: this parameter takes a value of '0' or '1'. When
set to '0' (its default), all processes are counted towards the
'cpu utilisation' value. When set to '1', the processes that are
run with a 'nice' value will not count (and thus be ignored) in the
overal usage calculation. This is useful if you are running a CPU
overall usage calculation. This is useful if you are running a CPU
intensive calculation on your laptop that you do not care how long it
takes to complete as you can 'nice' it and prevent it from taking part
in the deciding process of whether to increase your CPU frequency.

2
Documentation/cputopology.txt
View File

@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ The type of **_id is int.
The type of siblings is cpumask_t.
To be consistent on all architectures, the 4 attributes should have
deafult values if their values are unavailable. Below is the rule.
default values if their values are unavailable. Below is the rule.
1) physical_package_id: If cpu has no physical package id, -1 is the
default value.
2) core_id: If cpu doesn't support multi-core, its core id is 0.

22
Documentation/dell_rbu.txt
View File

@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ for updating BIOS images on Dell servers and desktops.
Scope:
This document discusses the functionality of the rbu driver only.
It does not cover the support needed from aplications to enable the BIOS to
It does not cover the support needed from applications to enable the BIOS to
update itself with the image downloaded in to the memory.
Overview:
@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ OpenManage and Dell Update packages (DUP).
Libsmbios can also be used to update BIOS on Dell systems go to
http://linux.dell.com/libsmbios/ for details.
Dell_RBU driver supports BIOS update using the monilothic image and packetized
image methods. In case of moniolithic the driver allocates a contiguous chunk
Dell_RBU driver supports BIOS update using the monolithic image and packetized
image methods. In case of monolithic the driver allocates a contiguous chunk
of physical pages having the BIOS image. In case of packetized the app
using the driver breaks the image in to packets of fixed sizes and the driver
would place each packet in contiguous physical memory. The driver also
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ The driver supports two types of update mechanism; monolithic and packetized.
These update mechanism depends upon the BIOS currently running on the system.
Most of the Dell systems support a monolithic update where the BIOS image is
copied to a single contiguous block of physical memory.
In case of packet mechanism the single memory can be broken in smaller chuks
In case of packet mechanism the single memory can be broken in smaller chunks
of contiguous memory and the BIOS image is scattered in these packets.
By default the driver uses monolithic memory for the update type. This can be
@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ echo packet > /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/image_type
In packet update mode the packet size has to be given before any packets can
be downloaded. It is done as below
echo XXXX > /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/packet_size
In the packet update mechanism, the user neesd to create a new file having
In the packet update mechanism, the user needs to create a new file having
packets of data arranged back to back. It can be done as follows
The user creates packets header, gets the chunk of the BIOS image and
placs it next to the packetheader; now, the packetheader + BIOS image chunk
added to geather should match the specified packet_size. This makes one
places it next to the packetheader; now, the packetheader + BIOS image chunk
added together should match the specified packet_size. This makes one
packet, the user needs to create more such packets out of the entire BIOS
image file and then arrange all these packets back to back in to one single
file.
@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ read back the image downloaded.
NOTE:
This driver requires a patch for firmware_class.c which has the modified
request_firmware_nowait function.
Also after updating the BIOS image an user mdoe application neeeds to execute
code which message the BIOS update request to the BIOS. So on the next reboot
the BIOS knows about the new image downloaded and it updates it self.
Also don't unload the rbu drive if the image has to be updated.
Also after updating the BIOS image a user mode application needs to execute
code which sends the BIOS update request to the BIOS. So on the next reboot
the BIOS knows about the new image downloaded and it updates itself.
Also don't unload the rbu driver if the image has to be updated.

8
Documentation/devices.txt
View File

@ -2005,7 +2005,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
116 char Advanced Linux Sound Driver (ALSA)
116 block MicroMemory battery backed RAM adapter (NVRAM)
Supports 16 boards, 15 paritions each.
Supports 16 boards, 15 partitions each.
Requested by neilb at cse.unsw.edu.au.
0 = /dev/umem/d0 Whole of first board
@ -3094,7 +3094,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
This major is reserved to assist the expansion to a
larger number space. No device nodes with this major
should ever be created on the filesystem.
(This is probaly not true anymore, but I'll leave it
(This is probably not true anymore, but I'll leave it
for now /Torben)
---LARGE MAJORS!!!!!---
@ -3205,7 +3205,7 @@ for a session; this includes virtual consoles, serial ports, and
pseudoterminals (PTYs).
All terminal devices share a common set of capabilities known as line
diciplines; these include the common terminal line dicipline as well
disciplines; these include the common terminal line discipline as well
as SLIP and PPP modes.
All terminal devices are named similarly; this section explains the
@ -3285,7 +3285,7 @@ port TTY, for which no alternate device would exist.
Pseudoterminals (PTYs)
Pseudoterminals, or PTYs, are used to create login sessions or provide
other capabilities requiring a TTY line dicipline (including SLIP or
other capabilities requiring a TTY line discipline (including SLIP or
PPP capability) to arbitrary data-generation processes. Each PTY has
a master side, named /dev/pty[p-za-e][0-9a-f], and a slave side, named
/dev/tty[p-za-e][0-9a-f]. The kernel arbitrates the use of PTYs by

2
Documentation/driver-model/class.txt
View File

@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ device. The following device classes have been identified:
Each device class defines a set of semantics and a programming interface
that devices of that class adhere to. Device drivers are the
implemention of that programming interface for a particular device on
implementation of that programming interface for a particular device on
a particular bus.
Device classes are agnostic with respect to what bus a device resides

2
Documentation/driver-model/driver.txt
View File

@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ the driver to that device.
A driver's probe() may return a negative errno value to indicate that
the driver did not bind to this device, in which case it should have
released all reasources it allocated.
released all resources it allocated.
int (*remove) (struct device * dev);

2
Documentation/driver-model/overview.txt
View File

@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ the two.
The PCI bus layer freely accesses the fields of struct device. It knows about
the structure of struct pci_dev, and it should know the structure of struct
device. Individual PCI device drivers that have been converted the the current
device. Individual PCI device drivers that have been converted to the current
driver model generally do not and should not touch the fields of struct device,
unless there is a strong compelling reason to do so.

4
Documentation/dvb/avermedia.txt
View File

@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ Assumptions and Introduction
by circuitry on the card and is often presented uncompressed.
For a PAL TV signal encoded at a resolution of 768x576 24-bit
color pixels over 25 frames per second - a fair amount of data
is generated and must be proceesed by the PC before it can be
is generated and must be processed by the PC before it can be
displayed on the video monitor screen. Some Analogue TV cards
for PC's have onboard MPEG2 encoders which permit the raw
for PCs have onboard MPEG2 encoders which permit the raw
digital data stream to be presented to the PC in an encoded
and compressed form - similar to the form that is used in
Digital TV.

2
Documentation/dvb/cards.txt
View File

@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Hardware supported by the linuxtv.org DVB drivers
frontends (i.e. tuner / demodulator units) used, usually without
changing the product name, revision number or specs. Some cards
are also available in versions with different frontends for
DVB-S/DVB-C/DVB-T. Thus the frontend drivers are listed seperately.
DVB-S/DVB-C/DVB-T. Thus the frontend drivers are listed separately.
Note 1: There is no guarantee that every frontend driver works
out of the box with every card, because of different wiring.

4
Documentation/dvb/ci.txt
View File

@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ This application requires the following to function properly as of now.
descrambler to function,
eg: $ ca_zap channels.conf "TMC"
(d) Hopeflly Enjoy your favourite subscribed channel as you do with
(d) Hopefully enjoy your favourite subscribed channel as you do with
a FTA card.
(3) Currently ca_zap, and dst_test, both are meant for demonstration
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Modules that have been tested by this driver at present are
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
With the High Level CI approach any new card with almost any random
architecture can be implemented with this style, the definitions
insidethe switch statement can be easily adapted for any card, thereby
inside the switch statement can be easily adapted for any card, thereby
eliminating the need for any additional ioctls.
The disadvantage is that the driver/hardware has to manage the rest. For

6
Documentation/dvb/faq.txt
View File

@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Some very frequently asked questions about linuxtv-dvb
It's not a bug, it's a feature. Because the frontends have
significant power requirements (and hence get very hot), they
are powered down if they are unused (i.e. if the frontend device
is closed). The dvb-core.o module paramter "dvb_shutdown_timeout"
is closed). The dvb-core.o module parameter "dvb_shutdown_timeout"
allow you to change the timeout (default 5 seconds). Setting the
timeout to 0 disables the timeout feature.
@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ Some very frequently asked questions about linuxtv-dvb
- v4l2-common: common functions for Video4Linux-2 drivers
- v4l1-compat: backward compatiblity layer for Video4Linux-1 legacy
- v4l1-compat: backward compatibility layer for Video4Linux-1 legacy
applications
- dvb-core: DVB core module. This provides you with the
@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ Some very frequently asked questions about linuxtv-dvb
- video-buf: capture helper module for the saa7146_vv driver. This
one is responsible to handle capture buffers.
- dvb-ttpci: The main driver for AV7110 based, full-featued
- dvb-ttpci: The main driver for AV7110 based, full-featured
DVB-S/C/T cards
eof

4
Documentation/eisa.txt
View File

@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ The EISA infrastructure is made up of three parts :
- The bus code implements most of the generic code. It is shared
among all the architectures that the EISA code runs on. It
implements bus probing (detecting EISA cards avaible on the bus),
implements bus probing (detecting EISA cards available on the bus),
allocates I/O resources, allows fancy naming through sysfs, and
offers interfaces for driver to register.
@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ struct eisa_driver {
id_table : an array of NULL terminated EISA id strings,
followed by an empty string. Each string can
optionnaly be paired with a driver-dependant value
optionally be paired with a driver-dependant value
(driver_data).
driver : a generic driver, such as described in

2
Documentation/exception.txt
View File

@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ int verify_area(int type, const void * addr, unsigned long size)
function (which has since been replaced by access_ok()).
This function verified that the memory area starting at address
addr and of size size was accessible for the operation specified
'addr' and of size 'size' was accessible for the operation specified
in type (read or write). To do this, verify_read had to look up the
virtual memory area (vma) that contained the address addr. In the
normal case (correctly working program), this test was successful.

2
Documentation/fb/fbcon.txt
View File

@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ from the console layer before unloading the driver. The VGA driver cannot be
unloaded if it is still bound to the console layer. (See
Documentation/console/console.txt for more information).
This is more complicated in the case of the the framebuffer console (fbcon),
This is more complicated in the case of the framebuffer console (fbcon),
because fbcon is an intermediate layer between the console and the drivers:
console ---> fbcon ---> fbdev drivers ---> hardware

2
Documentation/fb/sisfb.txt
View File

@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ information. Additionally, "modinfo sisfb" gives an overview over all
supported options including some explanation.
The desired display mode can be specified using the keyword "mode" with
a parameter in one of the follwing formats:
a parameter in one of the following formats:
- XxYxDepth or
- XxY-Depth or
- XxY-Depth@Rate or

42
Documentation/fb/sstfb.txt
View File

@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ Module Usage
Module insertion:
# insmod sstfb.o
you should see some strange output frome the board:
you should see some strange output from the board:
a big blue square, a green and a red small squares and a vertical
white rectangle. why ? the function's name is self explanatory :
white rectangle. why? the function's name is self-explanatory:
"sstfb_test()"...
(if you don't have a second monitor, you'll have to plug your monitor
directely to the 2D videocard to see what you're typing)
directly to the 2D videocard to see what you're typing)
# con2fb /dev/fbx /dev/ttyx
bind a tty to the new frame buffer. if you already have a frame
buffer driver, the voodoo fb will likely be /dev/fb1. if not,
@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ Module Usage
Kernel/Modules Options
You can pass some otions to sstfb module, and via the kernel command
line when the driver is compiled in :
You can pass some options to the sstfb module, and via the kernel
command line when the driver is compiled in:
for module : insmod sstfb.o option1=value1 option2=value2 ...
in kernel : video=sstfb:option1,option2:value2,option3 ...
sstfb supports the folowing options :
sstfb supports the following options :
Module Kernel Description
@ -95,11 +95,11 @@ inverse=1 inverse Supposed to enable inverse console.
clipping=1 clipping Enable or disable clipping.
clipping=0 noclipping With clipping enabled, all offscreen
reads and writes are disgarded.
reads and writes are discarded.
Default: enable clipping.
gfxclk=x gfxclk:x Force graphic clock frequency (in MHz).
Be carefull with this option, it may be
Be careful with this option, it may be
DANGEROUS.
Default: auto
50Mhz for Voodoo 1,
@ -137,23 +137,23 @@ Bugs
- The driver is 16 bpp only, 24/32 won't work.
- The driver is not your_favorite_toy-safe. this includes SMP...
[Actually from inspection it seems to be safe - Alan]
- when using XFree86 FBdev (X over fbdev) you may see strange color
- When using XFree86 FBdev (X over fbdev) you may see strange color
patterns at the border of your windows (the pixels lose the lowest
byte -> basicaly the blue component nd some of the green) . I'm unable
byte -> basically the blue component and some of the green). I'm unable
to reproduce this with XFree86-3.3, but one of the testers has this
problem with XFree86-4. apparently recent Xfree86-4.x solve this
problem with XFree86-4. Apparently recent Xfree86-4.x solve this
problem.
- I didn't really test changing the palette, so you may find some weird
things when playing with that.
- Sometimes the driver will not recognise the DAC , and the
initialisation will fail. this is specificaly true for
voodoo 2 boards , but it should be solved in recent versions. please
contact me .
- the 24/32 is not likely to work anytime soon , knowing that the
hardware does ... unusual thigs in 24/32 bpp
- When used with anther video board, current limitations of linux
console subsystem can cause some troubles, specificaly, you should
disable software scrollback , as it can oops badly ...
- Sometimes the driver will not recognise the DAC, and the
initialisation will fail. This is specifically true for
voodoo 2 boards, but it should be solved in recent versions. Please
contact me.
- The 24/32 is not likely to work anytime soon, knowing that the
hardware does ... unusual things in 24/32 bpp.
- When used with another video board, current limitations of the linux
console subsystem can cause some troubles, specifically, you should
disable software scrollback, as it can oops badly ...
Todo
@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ Todo
- Buy more coffee.
- test/port to other arch.
- try to add panning using tweeks with front and back buffer .
- try to implement accel on voodoo2 , this board can actualy do a
- try to implement accel on voodoo2, this board can actually do a
lot in 2D even if it was sold as a 3D only board ...
ghoz.

2
Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt
View File

@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ Who: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
---------------------------
What: USB driver API moves to EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL
When: Febuary 2008
When: February 2008
Files: include/linux/usb.h, drivers/usb/core/driver.c
Why: The USB subsystem has changed a lot over time, and it has been
possible to create userspace USB drivers using usbfs/libusb/gadgetfs

2
Documentation/filesystems/00-INDEX
View File

@ -26,8 +26,6 @@ cramfs.txt
- info on the cram filesystem for small storage (ROMs etc).
dentry-locking.txt
- info on the RCU-based dcache locking model.
devfs/
- directory containing devfs documentation.
directory-locking
- info about the locking scheme used for directory operations.
dlmfs.txt

8
Documentation/filesystems/befs.txt
View File

@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ WARNING
Make sure you understand that this is alpha software. This means that the
implementation is neither complete nor well-tested.
I DISCLAIM ALL RESPONSIBILTY FOR ANY POSSIBLE BAD EFFECTS OF THIS CODE!
I DISCLAIM ALL RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY POSSIBLE BAD EFFECTS OF THIS CODE!
LICENSE
=====
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ He has been working on the code since Aug 13, 2001. See the changelog for
details.
Original Author: Makoto Kato <m_kato@ga2.so-net.ne.jp>
His orriginal code can still be found at:
His original code can still be found at:
<http://hp.vector.co.jp/authors/VA008030/bfs/>
Does anyone know of a more current email address for Makoto? He doesn't
respond to the address given above...
@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Which is it, BFS or BEFS?
================
Be, Inc said, "BeOS Filesystem is officially called BFS, not BeFS".
But Unixware Boot Filesystem is called bfs, too. And they are already in
the kernel. Because of this nameing conflict, on Linux the BeOS
the kernel. Because of this naming conflict, on Linux the BeOS
filesystem is called befs.
HOW TO INSTALL
@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ if the patching step fails (i.e. there are rejected hunks), you can try to
figure it out yourself (it shouldn't be hard), or mail the maintainer
(Will Dyson <will_dyson@pobox.com>) for help.
step 2. Configuretion & make kernel
step 2. Configuration & make kernel
The linux kernel has many compile-time options. Most of them are beyond the
scope of this document. I suggest the Kernel-HOWTO document as a good general

8
Documentation/filesystems/configfs/configfs.txt
View File

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
configfs - Userspace-driven kernel object configuation.
configfs - Userspace-driven kernel object configuration.
Joel Becker <joel.becker@oracle.com>
@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ using the group _init() functions on the group.
Finally, when userspace calls rmdir(2) on the item or group,
ct_group_ops->drop_item() is called. As a config_group is also a
config_item, it is not necessary for a seperate drop_group() method.
config_item, it is not necessary for a separate drop_group() method.
The subsystem must config_item_put() the reference that was initialized
upon item allocation. If a subsystem has no work to do, it may omit
the ct_group_ops->drop_item() method, and configfs will call
@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ that condition is met.
Far better would be an explicit action notifying the subsystem that the
config_item is ready to go. More importantly, an explicit action allows
the subsystem to provide feedback as to whether the attibutes are
the subsystem to provide feedback as to whether the attributes are
initialized in a way that makes sense. configfs provides this as
committable items.
@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ support mkdir(2) or rmdir(2) either. It only allows rename(2). The
"pending" directory does allow mkdir(2) and rmdir(2). An item is
created in the "pending" directory. Its attributes can be modified at
will. Userspace commits the item by renaming it into the "live"
directory. At this point, the subsystem recieves the ->commit_item()
directory. At this point, the subsystem receives the ->commit_item()
callback. If all required attributes are filled to satisfaction, the
method returns zero and the item is moved to the "live" directory.

2
Documentation/filesystems/directory-locking
View File

@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ own descendent. Moreover, there is exactly one cross-directory rename
Consider the object blocking the cross-directory rename. One
of its descendents is locked by cross-directory rename (otherwise we
would again have an infinite set of of contended objects). But that
would again have an infinite set of contended objects). But that
means that cross-directory rename is taking locks out of order. Due
to (2) the order hadn't changed since we had acquired filesystem lock.
But locking rules for cross-directory rename guarantee that we do not

2
Documentation/filesystems/dlmfs.txt
View File

@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ request for an already acquired lock will not generate another DLM
call. Userspace programs are assumed to handle their own local
locking.
Two levels of locks are supported - Shared Read, and Exlcusive.
Two levels of locks are supported - Shared Read, and Exclusive.
Also supported is a Trylock operation.
For information on the libo2dlm interface, please see o2dlm.h,

2
Documentation/filesystems/ext2.txt
View File

@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ Reserved Space
In ext2, there is a mechanism for reserving a certain number of blocks
for a particular user (normally the super-user). This is intended to
allow for the system to continue functioning even if non-priveleged users
allow for the system to continue functioning even if non-privileged users
fill up all the space available to them (this is independent of filesystem
quotas). It also keeps the filesystem from filling up entirely which
helps combat fragmentation.

2
Documentation/filesystems/files.txt
View File

@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ the fdtable structure -
2. Reading of the fdtable as described above must be protected
by rcu_read_lock()/rcu_read_unlock().
3. For any update to the the fd table, files->file_lock must
3. For any update to the fd table, files->file_lock must
be held.
4. To look up the file structure given an fd, a reader

10
Documentation/filesystems/ntfs.txt
View File

@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Table of contents
- Using NTFS volume and stripe sets
- The Device-Mapper driver
- The Software RAID / MD driver
- Limitiations when using the MD driver
- Limitations when using the MD driver
- ChangeLog
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ There is plenty of additional information on the linux-ntfs web site
at http://linux-ntfs.sourceforge.net/
The web site has a lot of additional information, such as a comprehensive
FAQ, documentation on the NTFS on-disk format, informaiton on the Linux-NTFS
FAQ, documentation on the NTFS on-disk format, information on the Linux-NTFS
userspace utilities, etc.
@ -383,14 +383,14 @@ Software RAID / MD driver. For which you need to set up your /etc/raidtab
appropriately (see man 5 raidtab).
Linear volume sets, i.e. linear raid, as well as stripe sets, i.e. raid level
0, have been tested and work fine (though see section "Limitiations when using
0, have been tested and work fine (though see section "Limitations when using
the MD driver with NTFS volumes" especially if you want to use linear raid).
Even though untested, there is no reason why mirrors, i.e. raid level 1, and
stripes with parity, i.e. raid level 5, should not work, too.
You have to use the "persistent-superblock 0" option for each raid-disk in the
NTFS volume/stripe you are configuring in /etc/raidtab as the persistent
superblock used by the MD driver would damange the NTFS volume.
superblock used by the MD driver would damage the NTFS volume.
Windows by default uses a stripe chunk size of 64k, so you probably want the
"chunk-size 64k" option for each raid-disk, too.
@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ setup correctly to avoid the possibility of causing damage to the data on the
ntfs volume.
Limitiations when using the Software RAID / MD driver
Limitations when using the Software RAID / MD driver
-----------------------------------------------------
Using the md driver will not work properly if any of your NTFS partitions have

10
Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
View File

@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ VmallocChunk: 111088 kB
this memory, making it slower to access than lowmem.
LowTotal:
LowFree: Lowmem is memory which can be used for everything that
highmem can be used for, but it is also availble for the
highmem can be used for, but it is also available for the
kernel's use for its own data structures. Among many
other things, it is where everything from the Slab is
allocated. Bad things happen when you're out of lowmem.
@ -1255,7 +1255,7 @@ to allocate (but not use) more memory than is actually available.
address space are refused. Used for a typical system. It
ensures a seriously wild allocation fails while allowing
overcommit to reduce swap usage. root is allowed to
allocate slighly more memory in this mode. This is the
allocate slightly more memory in this mode. This is the
default.
1 - Always overcommit. Appropriate for some scientific
@ -1588,7 +1588,7 @@ Enable the strict RFC793 interpretation of the TCP urgent pointer field. The
default is to use the BSD compatible interpretation of the urgent pointer
pointing to the first byte after the urgent data. The RFC793 interpretation is
to have it point to the last byte of urgent data. Enabling this option may
lead to interoperatibility problems. Disabled by default.
lead to interoperability problems. Disabled by default.
tcp_syncookies
--------------
@ -1733,7 +1733,7 @@ error_burst and error_cost
These parameters are used to limit how many ICMP destination unreachable to
send from the host in question. ICMP destination unreachable messages are
sent when we can not reach the next hop, while trying to transmit a packet.
sent when we cannot reach the next hop while trying to transmit a packet.
It will also print some error messages to kernel logs if someone is ignoring
our ICMP redirects. The higher the error_cost factor is, the fewer
destination unreachable and error messages will be let through. Error_burst
@ -1857,7 +1857,7 @@ proxy_qlen
Maximum queue length of the delayed proxy arp timer. (see proxy_delay).
app_solcit
app_solicit
----------
Determines the number of requests to send to the user level ARP daemon. Use 0

6
Documentation/filesystems/spufs.txt
View File

@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ FILES
/ibox
The second SPU to CPU communication mailbox. This file is similar to
the first mailbox file, but can be read in blocking I/O mode, and the
poll familiy of system calls can be used to wait for it. The possible
poll family of system calls can be used to wait for it. The possible
operations on an open ibox file are:
read(2)
@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ FILES
/wbox
The CPU to SPU communation mailbox. It is write-only can can be written
The CPU to SPU communation mailbox. It is write-only and can be written
in units of 32 bits. If the mailbox is full, write() will block and
poll can be used to wait for it becoming empty again. The possible
operations on an open wbox file are: write(2) If a count smaller than
@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ ERRORS
EFAULT npc is not a valid pointer or status is neither NULL nor a valid
pointer.
EINTR A signal occured while spu_run was in progress. The npc value
EINTR A signal occurred while spu_run was in progress. The npc value
has been updated to the new program counter value if necessary.
EINVAL fd is not a file descriptor returned from spu_create(2).

2
Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt
View File

@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ Top Level Directory Layout
The sysfs directory arrangement exposes the relationship of kernel
data structures.
The top level sysfs diretory looks like:
The top level sysfs directory looks like:
block/
bus/

4
Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt
View File

@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ tmpfs has the following uses:
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
Remember to create the directory that you intend to mount tmpfs on
if necessary (/dev/shm is automagically created if you use devfs).
if necessary.
This mount is _not_ needed for SYSV shared memory. The internal
mount is used for that. (In the 2.3 kernel versions it was
@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ size: The limit of allocated bytes for this tmpfs instance. The
nr_blocks: The same as size, but in blocks of PAGE_CACHE_SIZE.
nr_inodes: The maximum number of inodes for this instance. The default
is half of the number of your physical RAM pages, or (on a
a machine with highmem) the number of lowmem RAM pages,
machine with highmem) the number of lowmem RAM pages,
whichever is the lower.
These parameters accept a suffix k, m or g for kilo, mega and giga and

2
Documentation/filesystems/vfat.txt
View File

@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ iocharset=name -- Character set to use for converting between the
you should consider the following option instead.
utf8=<bool> -- UTF-8 is the filesystem safe version of Unicode that
is used by the console. It can be be enabled for the
is used by the console. It can be enabled for the
filesystem with this option. If 'uni_xlate' gets set,
UTF-8 gets disabled.

2
Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt
View File

@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ otherwise noted.
put_link: called by the VFS to release resources allocated by
follow_link(). The cookie returned by follow_link() is passed
to to this method as the last parameter. It is used by
to this method as the last parameter. It is used by
filesystems such as NFS where page cache is not stable
(i.e. page that was installed when the symbolic link walk
started might not be in the page cache at the end of the

2
Documentation/fujitsu/frv/mmu-layout.txt
View File

@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ related kernel services:
(*) __debug_mmu.iamr[]
(*) __debug_mmu.damr[]
These receive the current IAMR and DAMR contents. These can be viewed with with the _amr
These receive the current IAMR and DAMR contents. These can be viewed with the _amr
GDB macro:
(gdb) _amr

2
Documentation/highuid.txt
View File

@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ What's left to be done for 32-bit UIDs on all Linux architectures:
Other filesystems have not been checked yet.
- The ncpfs and smpfs filesystems can not presently use 32-bit UIDs in
- The ncpfs and smpfs filesystems cannot presently use 32-bit UIDs in
all ioctl()s. Some new ioctl()s have been added with 32-bit UIDs, but
more are needed. (as well as new user<->kernel data structures)

12
Documentation/hrtimers.txt
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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ back and forth trying to integrate high-resolution and high-precision
features into the existing timer framework, and after testing various
such high-resolution timer implementations in practice, we came to the
conclusion that the timer wheel code is fundamentally not suitable for
such an approach. We initially didnt believe this ('there must be a way
such an approach. We initially didn't believe this ('there must be a way
to solve this'), and spent a considerable effort trying to integrate
things into the timer wheel, but we failed. In hindsight, there are
several reasons why such integration is hard/impossible:
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ several reasons why such integration is hard/impossible:
high-res timers.
- the unpredictable [O(N)] overhead of cascading leads to delays which
necessiate a more complex handling of high resolution timers, which
necessitate a more complex handling of high resolution timers, which
in turn decreases robustness. Such a design still led to rather large
timing inaccuracies. Cascading is a fundamental property of the timer
wheel concept, it cannot be 'designed out' without unevitably
@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ several reasons why such integration is hard/impossible:
The primary users of precision timers are user-space applications that
utilize nanosleep, posix-timers and itimer interfaces. Also, in-kernel
users like drivers and subsystems which require precise timed events
(e.g. multimedia) can benefit from the availability of a seperate
(e.g. multimedia) can benefit from the availability of a separate
high-resolution timer subsystem as well.
While this subsystem does not offer high-resolution clock sources just
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ The increasing demand for realtime and multimedia applications along
with other potential users for precise timers gives another reason to
separate the "timeout" and "precise timer" subsystems.
Another potential benefit is that such a seperation allows even more
Another potential benefit is that such a separation allows even more
special-purpose optimization of the existing timer wheel for the low
resolution and low precision use cases - once the precision-sensitive
APIs are separated from the timer wheel and are migrated over to
@ -96,8 +96,8 @@ file systems. The rbtree is solely used for time sorted ordering, while
a separate list is used to give the expiry code fast access to the
queued timers, without having to walk the rbtree.
(This seperate list is also useful for later when we'll introduce
high-resolution clocks, where we need seperate pending and expired
(This separate list is also useful for later when we'll introduce
high-resolution clocks, where we need separate pending and expired
queues while keeping the time-order intact.)
Time-ordered enqueueing is not purely for the purposes of

2
Documentation/ia64/efirtc.txt
View File

@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ to initialize the system view of the time during boot.
Because we wanted to minimize the impact on existing user-level apps using
the CMOS clock, we decided to expose an API that was very similar to the one
used today with the legacy RTC driver (driver/char/rtc.c). However, because
EFI provides a simpler services, not all all ioctl() are available. Also
EFI provides a simpler services, not all ioctl() are available. Also
new ioctl()s have been introduced for things that EFI provides but not the
legacy.

2
Documentation/ia64/fsys.txt
View File

@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ complicated cases.
* Signal handling
The delivery of (asynchronous) signals must be delayed until fsys-mode
is exited. This is acomplished with the help of the lower-privilege
is exited. This is accomplished with the help of the lower-privilege
transfer trap: arch/ia64/kernel/process.c:do_notify_resume_user()
checks whether the interrupted task was in fsys-mode and, if so, sets
PSR.lp and returns immediately. When fsys-mode is exited via the

4
Documentation/ia64/mca.txt
View File

@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ by locks is indeterminate, including linked lists.
---
The complicated ia64 MCA process. All of this is mandated by Intel's
specification for ia64 SAL, error recovery and and unwind, it is not as
specification for ia64 SAL, error recovery and unwind, it is not as
if we have a choice here.
* MCA occurs on one cpu, usually due to a double bit memory error.
@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ if we have a choice here.
INIT is less complicated than MCA. Pressing the nmi button or using
the equivalent command on the management console sends INIT to all
cpus. SAL picks one one of the cpus as the monarch and the rest are
cpus. SAL picks one of the cpus as the monarch and the rest are
slaves. All the OS INIT handlers are entered at approximately the same
time. The OS monarch prints the state of all tasks and returns, after
which the slaves return and the system resumes.

2
Documentation/ibm-acpi.txt
View File

@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ his laptop (the location of sensors may vary on other models):
No commands can be written to this file.
EXPERIMENTAL: Embedded controller reigster dump -- /proc/acpi/ibm/ecdump
EXPERIMENTAL: Embedded controller register dump -- /proc/acpi/ibm/ecdump
------------------------------------------------------------------------
This feature is marked EXPERIMENTAL because the implementation

2
Documentation/ide.txt
View File

@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ Summary of ide driver parameters for kernel command line
"idex=serialize" : do not overlap operations on idex. Please note
that you will have to specify this option for
both the respecitve primary and secondary channel
both the respective primary and secondary channel
to take effect.
"idex=four" : four drives on idex and ide(x^1) share same ports

4
Documentation/input/amijoy.txt
View File

@ -79,10 +79,10 @@ JOY0DAT Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 X7 X6 X5 X4 X3 X2 X1 X0
JOY1DAT Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 X7 X6 X5 X4 X3 X2 X1 X0
0=LEFT CONTROLLER PAIR, 1=RIGHT CONTROLLER PAIR.
(4 counters total).The bit usage for both left and right
(4 counters total). The bit usage for both left and right
addresses is shown below. Each 6 bit counter (Y7-Y2,X7-X2) is
clocked by 2 of the signals input from the mouse serial
stream. Starting with first bit recived:
stream. Starting with first bit received:
+-------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Serial | Bit Name | Description |

10
Documentation/input/atarikbd.txt
View File

@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ provides a convenient connection point for a mouse and switch-type joysticks.
The ikbd processor also maintains a time-of-day clock with one second
resolution.
The ikbd has been designed to be general enough that it can be used with a
ariety of new computer products. Product variations in a number of
variety of new computer products. Product variations in a number of
keyswitches, mouse resolution, etc. can be accommodated.
The ikbd communicates with the main processor over a high speed bi-directional
serial interface. It can function in a variety of modes to facilitate
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ is obtained by ORing 0x80 with the make code.
The special codes 0xF6 through 0xFF are reserved for use as follows:
0xF6 status report
0xF7 absolute mouse position record
0xF8-0xFB relative mouse position records(lsbs determind by
0xF8-0xFB relative mouse position records (lsbs determined by
mouse button states)
0xFC time-of-day
0xFD joystick report (both sticks)
@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ selected.
4.2 Absolute Position reporting
The ikbd can also maintain absolute mouse position. Commands exist for
reseting the mouse position, setting X/Y scaling, and interrogating the
resetting the mouse position, setting X/Y scaling, and interrogating the
current mouse position.
4.3 Mouse Cursor Key Mode
@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ INTERROGATION MODE.
9.18 SET JOYSTICK MONITORING
0x17
rate ; time between samples in hundreths of a second
rate ; time between samples in hundredths of a second
Returns: (in packets of two as long as in mode)
%000000xy ; where y is JOYSTICK1 Fire button
; and x is JOYSTICK0 Fire button
@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ controller memory. The time between data bytes must be less than 20ms.
0x20 ; memory access
{ data } ; 6 data bytes starting at ADR
This comand permits the host to read from the ikbd controller memory.
This command permits the host to read from the ikbd controller memory.
9.26 CONTROLLER EXECUTE

2
Documentation/input/cs461x.txt
View File

@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ This driver have the basic support for PCI devices only; there is no
ISA or PnP ISA cards supported. AFAIK the ns558 have support for Crystal
ISA and PnP ISA series.
The driver works witn ALSA drivers simultaneously. For exmple, the xracer
The driver works with ALSA drivers simultaneously. For example, the xracer
uses joystick as input device and PCM device as sound output in one time.
There are no sound or input collisions detected. The source code have
comments about them; but I've found the joystick can be initialized

2
Documentation/input/ff.txt
View File

@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ joystick.txt for details.
There is an utility called fftest that will allow you to test the driver.
% fftest /dev/input/eventXX
3. Instructions to the developper
3. Instructions to the developer
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
All interactions are done using the event API. That is, you can use ioctl()
and write() on /dev/input/eventXX.

4
Documentation/input/gameport-programming.txt
View File

@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ Make sure struct gameport is initialized to 0 in all other fields. The
gameport generic code will take care of the rest.
If your hardware supports more than one io address, and your driver can
choose which one program the hardware to, starting from the more exotic
addresses is preferred, because the likelyhood of clashing with the standard
choose which one to program the hardware to, starting from the more exotic
addresses is preferred, because the likelihood of clashing with the standard
0x201 address is smaller.
Eg. if your driver supports addresses 0x200, 0x208, 0x210 and 0x218, then

31
Documentation/input/input.txt
View File

@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ will be available as a character device on major 13, minor 63:
crw-r--r-- 1 root root 13, 63 Mar 28 22:45 mice
This device has to be created, unless you use devfs, in which case it's
created automatically. The commands to do create it by hand are:
This device has to be created.
The commands to create it by hand are:
cd /dev
mkdir input
@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ about it.
3.2 Event handlers
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Event handlers distrubite the events from the devices to userland and
Event handlers distribute the events from the devices to userland and
kernel, as needed.
3.2.1 keybdev
@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ generated in the kernel straight to the program, with timestamps. The
API is still evolving, but should be useable now. It's described in
section 5.
This should be the way for GPM and X to get keyboard and mouse mouse
This should be the way for GPM and X to get keyboard and mouse
events. It allows for multihead in X without any specific multihead
kernel support. The event codes are the same on all architectures and
are hardware independent.
@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ struct input_event {
};
'time' is the timestamp, it returns the time at which the event happened.
Type is for example EV_REL for relative momement, REL_KEY for a keypress or
Type is for example EV_REL for relative moment, REL_KEY for a keypress or
release. More types are defined in include/linux/input.h.
'code' is event code, for example REL_X or KEY_BACKSPACE, again a complete
@ -289,24 +289,3 @@ list is in include/linux/input.h.
EV_REL, absolute new value for EV_ABS (joysticks ...), or 0 for EV_KEY for
release, 1 for keypress and 2 for autorepeat.
6. Contacts
~~~~~~~~~~~
This effort has its home page at:
http://www.suse.cz/development/input/
You'll find both the latest HID driver and the complete Input driver
there as well as information how to access the CVS repository for
latest revisions of the drivers.
There is also a mailing list for this:
majordomo@atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz
Send "subscribe linux-input" to subscribe to it.
The input changes are also being worked on as part of the LinuxConsole
project, see:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxconsole/

8
Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
View File

@ -456,8 +456,8 @@ uses the following kernel/module command line:
8 | Sony PSX DDR controller
9 | SNES mouse
The exact type of the PSX controller type is autoprobed when used so
hot swapping should work (but is not recomended).
The exact type of the PSX controller type is autoprobed when used, so
hot swapping should work (but is not recommended).
Should you want to use more than one of parallel ports at once, you can use
gamecon.map2 and gamecon.map3 as additional command line parameters for two
@ -465,8 +465,8 @@ more parallel ports.
There are two options specific to PSX driver portion. gamecon.psx_delay sets
the command delay when talking to the controllers. The default of 25 should
work but you can try lowering it for better performace. If your pads don't
respond try raising it untill they work. Setting the type to 8 allows the
work but you can try lowering it for better performance. If your pads don't
respond try raising it until they work. Setting the type to 8 allows the
driver to be used with Dance Dance Revolution or similar games. Arrow keys are
registered as key presses instead of X and Y axes.

2
Documentation/input/joystick.txt
View File

@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ and install it before going on.
2.2 Device nodes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
For applications to be able to use the joysticks, in you don't use devfs,
For applications to be able to use the joysticks,
you'll have to manually create these nodes in /dev:
cd /dev

4
Documentation/input/yealink.txt
View File

@ -87,13 +87,13 @@ Line 3 Format : 888888888888
Format description:
From a user space perspective the world is seperated in "digits" and "icons".
From a userspace perspective the world is separated into "digits" and "icons".
A digit can have a character set, an icon can only be ON or OFF.
Format specifier
'8' : Generic 7 segment digit with individual addressable segments
Reduced capabillity 7 segm digit, when segments are hard wired together.
Reduced capability 7 segm digit, when segments are hard wired together.
'1' : 2 segments digit only able to produce a 1.
'e' : Most significant day of the month digit,
able to produce at least 1 2 3.

2
Documentation/ioctl/hdio.txt
View File

@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ HDIO_SET_MULTCOUNT change IDE blockmode
Source code comments read:
This is tightly woven into the driver->do_special can not
This is tightly woven into the driver->do_special cannot
touch. DON'T do it again until a total personality rewrite
is committed.

2
Documentation/isdn/INTERFACE.fax
View File

@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Structure T30_s description:
If the HL-driver receives ISDN_CMD_FAXCMD, all needed information
is in this struct set by the LL.
To signal information to the LL, the HL-driver has to set the
the parameters and use ISDN_STAT_FAXIND.
parameters and use ISDN_STAT_FAXIND.
(Please refer to INTERFACE)
Structure T30_s:

2
Documentation/isdn/README.hysdn
View File

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
$Id: README.hysdn,v 1.3.6.1 2001/02/10 14:41:19 kai Exp $
The hysdn driver has been written by
by Werner Cornelius (werner@isdn4linux.de or werner@titro.de)
Werner Cornelius (werner@isdn4linux.de or werner@titro.de)
for Hypercope GmbH Aachen Germany. Hypercope agreed to publish this driver
under the GNU General Public License.

2
Documentation/java.txt
View File

@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ other program after you have done the following:
the kernel (CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC) and set it up properly.
If you choose to compile it as a module, you will have
to insert it manually with modprobe/insmod, as kmod
can not easily be supported with binfmt_misc.
cannot easily be supported with binfmt_misc.
Read the file 'binfmt_misc.txt' in this directory to know
more about the configuration process.

4
Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt
View File

@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ applicable everywhere (see syntax).
the indentation level, this means it ends at the first line which has
a smaller indentation than the first line of the help text.
"---help---" and "help" do not differ in behaviour, "---help---" is
used to help visually seperate configuration logic from help within
used to help visually separate configuration logic from help within
the file as an aid to developers.
@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ menuconfig:
"menuconfig" <symbol>
<config options>
This is similiar to the simple config entry above, but it also gives a
This is similar to the simple config entry above, but it also gives a
hint to front ends, that all suboptions should be displayed as a
separate list of options.

2
Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt
View File

@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ If die() is called, and it happens to be a thread with pid 0 or 1, or die()
is called inside interrupt context or die() is called and panic_on_oops is set,
the system will boot into the dump-capture kernel.
On powererpc systems when a soft-reset is generated, die() is called by all cpus and the system system will boot into the dump-capture kernel.
On powererpc systems when a soft-reset is generated, die() is called by all cpus and the system will boot into the dump-capture kernel.
For testing purposes, you can trigger a crash by using "ALT-SysRq-c",
"echo c > /proc/sysrq-trigger or write a module to force the panic.

11
Documentation/kernel-docs.txt
View File

@ -290,17 +290,6 @@
Description: Very nice 92 pages GPL book on the topic of modules
programming. Lots of examples.
* Title: "Device File System (devfs) Overview"
Author: Richard Gooch.
URL: http://www.atnf.csiro.au/people/rgooch/linux/docs/devfs.html
Keywords: filesystem, /dev, devfs, dynamic devices, major/minor
allocation, device management.
Description: Document describing Richard Gooch's controversial
devfs, which allows for dynamic devices, only shows present
devices in /dev, gets rid of major/minor numbers allocation
problems, and allows for hundreds of identical devices (which some
USB systems might demand soon).
* Title: "I/O Event Handling Under Linux"
Author: Richard Gooch.
URL: http://www.atnf.csiro.au/~rgooch/linux/docs/io-events.html

10
Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
View File

@ -355,9 +355,9 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
clock= [BUGS=IA-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
[Deprecated]
Forces specified clocksource (if avaliable) to be used
Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
clocksource is not avalible, it defaults to PIT.
clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
disable_8254_timer
@ -611,8 +611,8 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
noirqbalance [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controlled can only read data from
keyboard and can not control its state
i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
keyboard and cannot control its state
(Don't attempt to blink the leds)
i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
@ -1368,7 +1368,7 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
reboot= [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c.
See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area

6
Documentation/keys.txt
View File

@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ The keyctl syscall functions are:
Note that this setting is inherited across fork/exec.
[1] The default default is: the thread keyring if there is one, otherwise
[1] The default is: the thread keyring if there is one, otherwise
the process keyring if there is one, otherwise the session keyring if
there is one, otherwise the user default session keyring.
@ -708,14 +708,14 @@ The keyctl syscall functions are:
If the specified key is 0, then any assumed authority will be divested.
The assumed authorititive key is inherited across fork and exec.
The assumed authoritative key is inherited across fork and exec.
===============
KERNEL SERVICES
===============
The kernel services for key managment are fairly simple to deal with. They can
The kernel services for key management are fairly simple to deal with. They can
be broken down into two areas: keys and key types.
Dealing with keys is fairly straightforward. Firstly, the kernel service

2
Documentation/kobject.txt
View File

@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ more complex object types. It provides a set of basic fields that
almost all complex data types share. kobjects are intended to be
embedded in larger data structures and replace fields they duplicate.
1.2 Defintion
1.2 Definition
struct kobject {
char name[KOBJ_NAME_LEN];

2
Documentation/laptop-mode.txt
View File

@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ loaded on demand while the application executes) and sequentially accessed data
DO_REMOUNTS:
The control script automatically remounts any mounted journaled filesystems
with approriate commit interval options. When this option is set to 0, this
with appropriate commit interval options. When this option is set to 0, this
feature is disabled.
DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME:

8
Documentation/lockdep-design.txt
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@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ cases there is an inherent "natural" ordering between the two objects
(defined by the properties of the hierarchy), and the kernel grabs the
locks in this fixed order on each of the objects.
An example of such an object hieararchy that results in "nested locking"
An example of such an object hierarchy that results in "nested locking"
is that of a "whole disk" block-dev object and a "partition" block-dev
object; the partition is "part of" the whole device and as long as one
always takes the whole disk lock as a higher lock than the partition
@ -158,11 +158,11 @@ enum bdev_bd_mutex_lock_class
In this case the locking is done on a bdev object that is known to be a
partition.
The validator treats a lock that is taken in such a nested fasion as a
The validator treats a lock that is taken in such a nested fashion as a
separate (sub)class for the purposes of validation.
Note: When changing code to use the _nested() primitives, be careful and
check really thoroughly that the hiearchy is correctly mapped; otherwise
check really thoroughly that the hierarchy is correctly mapped; otherwise
you can get false positives or false negatives.
Proof of 100% correctness:
@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ Proof of 100% correctness:
The validator achieves perfect, mathematical 'closure' (proof of locking
correctness) in the sense that for every simple, standalone single-task
locking sequence that occured at least once during the lifetime of the
locking sequence that occurred at least once during the lifetime of the
kernel, the validator proves it with a 100% certainty that no
combination and timing of these locking sequences can cause any class of
lock related deadlock. [*]

2
Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt
View File

@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ switch to another mode once Linux has started.
The first 3 parameters of this sub-option should be obvious: <xres>,
<yres> and <depth> give the dimensions of the screen and the number of
planes (depth). The depth is is the logarithm to base 2 of the number
planes (depth). The depth is the logarithm to base 2 of the number
of colors possible. (Or, the other way round: The number of colors is
2^depth).

2
Documentation/mca.txt
View File

@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ Currently, there are a number of MCA-specific device drivers.
with clones that have a different adapter id than the original
NE/2.
6) Future Domain MCS-600/700, OEM'd IBM Fast SCSI Aapter/A and
6) Future Domain MCS-600/700, OEM'd IBM Fast SCSI Adapter/A and
Reply Sound Blaster/SCSI (SCSI part)
Better support for these cards than the driver for ISA.
Supports multiple cards with IRQ sharing.

16
Documentation/md.txt
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@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ be reconstructed (due to no parity).
For this reason, md will normally refuse to start such an array. This
requires the sysadmin to take action to explicitly start the array
desipite possible corruption. This is normally done with
despite possible corruption. This is normally done with
mdadm --assemble --force ....
This option is not really available if the array has the root
@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ All md devices contain:
raid levels that involve striping (1,4,5,6,10). The address space
of the array is conceptually divided into chunks and consecutive
chunks are striped onto neighbouring devices.
The size should be atleast PAGE_SIZE (4k) and should be a power
The size should be at least PAGE_SIZE (4k) and should be a power
of 2. This can only be set while assembling an array
component_size
@ -214,8 +214,8 @@ All md devices contain:
safe_mode_delay
When an md array has seen no write requests for a certain period
of time, it will be marked as 'clean'. When another write
request arrive, the array is marked as 'dirty' before the write
commenses. This is known as 'safe_mode'.
request arrives, the array is marked as 'dirty' before the write
commences. This is known as 'safe_mode'.
The 'certain period' is controlled by this file which stores the
period as a number of seconds. The default is 200msec (0.200).
Writing a value of 0 disables safemode.
@ -307,8 +307,8 @@ Each directory contains:
This applies only to raid1 arrays.
spare - device is working, but not a full member.
This includes spares that are in the process
of being recoverred to
This list make grow in future.
of being recovered to
This list may grow in future.
This can be written to.
Writing "faulty" simulates a failure on the device.
Writing "remove" removes the device from the array.
@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ Each directory contains:
This gives the role that the device has in the array. It will
either be 'none' if the device is not active in the array
(i.e. is a spare or has failed) or an integer less than the
'raid_disks' number for the array indicating which possition
'raid_disks' number for the array indicating which position
it currently fills. This can only be set while assembling an
array. A device for which this is set is assumed to be working.
@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ in the array. These are named
rdNN
where 'NN' is the possition in the array, starting from 0.
where 'NN' is the position in the array, starting from 0.
So for a 3 drive array there will be rd0, rd1, rd2.
These are symbolic links to the appropriate 'dev-XXX' entry.
Thus, for example,

4
Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
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@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ effectively random order, despite the write barrier issued by CPU 1:
In the above example, CPU 2 perceives that B is 7, despite the load of *C
(which would be B) coming after the the LOAD of C.
(which would be B) coming after the LOAD of C.
If, however, a data dependency barrier were to be placed between the load of C
and the load of *C (ie: B) on CPU 2:
@ -1915,7 +1915,7 @@ Whilst most CPUs do imply a data dependency barrier on the read when a memory
access depends on a read, not all do, so it may not be relied on.
Other CPUs may also have split caches, but must coordinate between the various
cachelets for normal memory accesss. The semantics of the Alpha removes the
cachelets for normal memory accesses. The semantics of the Alpha removes the
need for coordination in absence of memory barriers.

2
Documentation/mono.txt
View File

@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ other program after you have done the following:
the kernel (CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC) and set it up properly.
If you choose to compile it as a module, you will have
to insert it manually with modprobe/insmod, as kmod
can not be easily supported with binfmt_misc.
cannot be easily supported with binfmt_misc.
Read the file 'binfmt_misc.txt' in this directory to know
more about the configuration process.

2
Documentation/networking/3c509.txt
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@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ packets faster than they can be removed from the card. This should be rare
or impossible in normal operation. Possible causes of this error report are:
- a "green" mode enabled that slows the processor down when there is no
keyboard activitiy.
keyboard activity.
- some other device or device driver hogging the bus or disabling interrupts.
Check /proc/interrupts for excessive interrupt counts. The timer tick

2
Documentation/networking/NAPI_HOWTO.txt
View File

@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Legend:
packets out of the rx ring. Note from this that the lower the
load the more we could clean up the rxring
"Ndone" == is the converse of "Done". Note again, that the higher
the load the more times we couldnt clean up the rxring.
the load the more times we couldn't clean up the rxring.
Observe that:
when the NIC receives 890Kpackets/sec only 17 rx interrupts are generated.

2
Documentation/networking/arcnet-hardware.txt
View File

@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ And now to the cabling. What you can connect together:
5. An active hub to passive hub.
Remember, that you can not connect two passive hubs together. The power loss
Remember that you cannot connect two passive hubs together. The power loss
implied by such a connection is too high for the net to operate reliably.
An example of a typical ARCnet network:

2
Documentation/networking/bonding.txt
View File

@ -1023,7 +1023,7 @@ Changing a Bond's Configuration
files located in /sys/class/net/<bond name>/bonding
The names of these files correspond directly with the command-
line parameters described elsewhere in in this file, and, with the
line parameters described elsewhere in this file, and, with the
exception of arp_ip_target, they accept the same values. To see the
current setting, simply cat the appropriate file.

6
Documentation/networking/cs89x0.txt
View File

@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ configuration options are available on the command line:
* media=rj45 - specify media type
or media=bnc
or media=aui
or medai=auto
or media=auto
* duplex=full - specify forced half/full/autonegotiate duplex
or duplex=half
or duplex=auto
@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ of four ways after installing and or configuring the CS8900/20-based adapter:
1.) The system does not boot properly (or at all).
2.) The driver can not communicate with the adapter, reporting an "Adapter
2.) The driver cannot communicate with the adapter, reporting an "Adapter
not found" error message.
3.) You cannot connect to the network or the driver will not load.
@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ ethernet@crystal.cirrus.com) and request that you be registered for automatic
software-update notification.
Cirrus Logic maintains a web page at http://www.cirrus.com with the
the latest drivers and technical publications.
latest drivers and technical publications.
6.4 Current maintainer

4
Documentation/networking/cxgb.txt
View File

@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ FEATURES
ethtool -C eth0 rx-usecs 100
You may also provide a timer latency value while disabling adpative-rx:
You may also provide a timer latency value while disabling adaptive-rx:
ethtool -C <interface> adaptive-rx off rx-usecs <microseconds>
@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ PERFORMANCE
smaller window prevents congestion and facilitates better pacing,
especially if/when MAC level flow control does not work well or when it is
not supported on the machine. Experimentation may be necessary to attain
the correct value. This method is provided as a starting point fot the
the correct value. This method is provided as a starting point for the
correct receive buffer size.
Setting the min, max, and default receive buffer (RX_WINDOW) size is
performed in the same manner as single connection.

2
Documentation/networking/decnet.txt
View File

@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ ethernet address of your ethernet card has to be set according to the DECnet
address of the node in order for it to be autoconfigured (and then appear in
/proc/net/decnet_dev). There is a utility available at the above
FTP sites called dn2ethaddr which can compute the correct ethernet
address to use. The address can be set by ifconfig either before at
address to use. The address can be set by ifconfig either before or
at the time the device is brought up. If you are using RedHat you can
add the line:

4
Documentation/networking/dl2k.txt
View File

@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ Installing the Driver
Parameter Description
=====================
You can install this driver without any addtional parameter. However, if you
You can install this driver without any additional parameter. However, if you
are going to have extensive functions then it is necessary to set extra
parameter. Below is a list of the command line parameters supported by the
Linux device
@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ rx_timeout=n - Rx DMA wait time for an interrupt.
reach timeout of n * 640 nano seconds.
Set proper rx_coalesce and rx_timeout can
reduce congestion collapse and overload which
has been a bottlenect for high speed network.
has been a bottleneck for high speed network.
For example, rx_coalesce=10 rx_timeout=800.
that is, hardware assert only 1 interrupt

2
Documentation/networking/dmfe.txt
View File

@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Next you should configure your network interface with a command similar to :
ifconfig eth0 172.22.3.18
^^^^^^^^^^^
Your IP Adress
Your IP Address
Then you may have to modify the default routing table with command :

2
Documentation/networking/driver.txt
View File

@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Transmit path guidelines:
...
}
And then at the end of your TX reclaimation event handling:
And then at the end of your TX reclamation event handling:
if (netif_queue_stopped(dp->dev) &&
TX_BUFFS_AVAIL(dp) > (MAX_SKB_FRAGS + 1))

2
Documentation/networking/e1000.txt
View File

@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ Additional Configurations
As an example, if you install the e1000 driver for two PRO/1000 adapters
(eth0 and eth1) and set the speed and duplex to 10full and 100half, add
the following to modules.conf or or modprobe.conf:
the following to modules.conf or modprobe.conf:
alias eth0 e1000
alias eth1 e1000

2
Documentation/networking/fib_trie.txt
View File

@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ trie_rebalance()
resize()
Analyzes a tnode and optimizes the child array size by either inflating
or shrinking it repeatedly until it fullfills the criteria for optimal
or shrinking it repeatedly until it fulfills the criteria for optimal
level compression. This part follows the original paper pretty closely
and there may be some room for experimentation here.

8
Documentation/networking/gen_stats.txt
View File

@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ Rate Estimator:
0) Prepare an estimator attribute. Most likely this would be in user
space. The value of this TLV should contain a tc_estimator structure.
As usual, such a TLV nees to be 32 bit aligned and therefore the
length needs to be appropriately set etc. The estimator interval
As usual, such a TLV needs to be 32 bit aligned and therefore the
length needs to be appropriately set, etc. The estimator interval
and ewma log need to be converted to the appropriate values.
tc_estimator.c::tc_setup_estimator() is advisable to be used as the
conversion routine. It does a few clever things. It takes a time
@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ In the kernel when setting up:
else
failed
From now on, everytime you dump my_rate_est_stats it will contain
uptodate info.
From now on, every time you dump my_rate_est_stats it will contain
up-to-date info.
Once you are done, call gen_kill_estimator(my_basicstats,
my_rate_est_stats) Make sure that my_basicstats and my_rate_est_stats

4
Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
View File

@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ icmp_errors_use_inbound_ifaddr - BOOLEAN
Note that if no primary address exists for the interface selected,
then the primary address of the first non-loopback interface that
has one will be used regarldess of this setting.
has one will be used regardless of this setting.
Default: 0
@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ accept_ra_defrtr - BOOLEAN
disabled if accept_ra is disabled.
accept_ra_pinfo - BOOLEAN
Learn Prefix Inforamtion in Router Advertisement.
Learn Prefix Information in Router Advertisement.
Functional default: enabled if accept_ra is enabled.
disabled if accept_ra is disabled.

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