115 lines
3.2 KiB
Text
115 lines
3.2 KiB
Text
|
; Aro Gar phonetic rules for WylieWord.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
; These rules attempt to capture the phonetic transcription scheme
|
|||
|
|
; used by Ngak'chang Rinpoche. The results have not, however, yet
|
|||
|
|
; been reviewed by Rinpoche, and probably differ from his intention
|
|||
|
|
; in some ways.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
; File format: there are two sections, for rules and exceptions.
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
; There is one rule per line. Typically a rule has two parts,
|
|||
|
|
; separated by a space. The first part is a sequence of letters
|
|||
|
|
; that, if it appears in a Wylie transliteration, is to be replaced
|
|||
|
|
; by the second part in the phonetic transcription. The second
|
|||
|
|
; part can be missing, in which case the first part is simply
|
|||
|
|
; deleted from transcriptions when found.
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
; A semicolon precedes a comment. Blank lines are OK.
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
; The rules are applied in the order they appear in this file.
|
|||
|
|
; Each rule is applied as many times as possible, but we never
|
|||
|
|
; go back to a previous rule. (This simple rewrite-rule grammar is
|
|||
|
|
; not sufficient to implement all phonetic schemes, at least not
|
|||
|
|
; compactly. For example, it would be difficult to capture the
|
|||
|
|
; effects of preinitial consonants on tone (as in the scheme used
|
|||
|
|
; in Joe Wilson's book, for instance).) Also note that not even the
|
|||
|
|
; whole of the present scheme is implemented using these rules. In
|
|||
|
|
; particular, the deletion of prefix and superscript consonants,
|
|||
|
|
; and of wa-zur, are done in program code, not using the rules here.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
; Miscellaneous prefix transformations
|
|||
|
|
g. ; delete this (representing g prefix, used before root y only)
|
|||
|
|
dby y ; must come before db->w, for dbyang
|
|||
|
|
dbr r ; must come before db->w, for dbral
|
|||
|
|
db w ; must come before by->j
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
; c and ch are both transcribed ch. To get this we need a kludge
|
|||
|
|
; (involving x), because the rule c -> ch would apply recursively.
|
|||
|
|
ch c
|
|||
|
|
c x
|
|||
|
|
x ch
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
; Bad behavior from Y
|
|||
|
|
py ch
|
|||
|
|
phy ch
|
|||
|
|
by j
|
|||
|
|
my ny
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
; Retroflexes
|
|||
|
|
kr tr
|
|||
|
|
khr thr
|
|||
|
|
gr dr
|
|||
|
|
pr tr
|
|||
|
|
phr thr
|
|||
|
|
br dr
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
; Other bad behavior from R
|
|||
|
|
mr m
|
|||
|
|
sr s
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
; Uniquely random case
|
|||
|
|
zl d
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
; Vowel transformations
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
; Note: this must be done before suffix-stripping.
|
|||
|
|
; Before actually doing the transformations, we "hide" the n in ng, so that ng doesn't
|
|||
|
|
; induce umlaut. This is gross; if we had a real grammar engine it wouldn't
|
|||
|
|
; be necessary.
|
|||
|
|
ng x
|
|||
|
|
; Transformations of e: short before g, m, n; long otherwise
|
|||
|
|
eg <20>g
|
|||
|
|
em <20>m
|
|||
|
|
en <20>n
|
|||
|
|
e <20>
|
|||
|
|
; Umlaut of a, o, u followed by d, n, l, s
|
|||
|
|
ad <20>d
|
|||
|
|
an <20>n
|
|||
|
|
al <20>l
|
|||
|
|
as <20>
|
|||
|
|
od <20>d
|
|||
|
|
on <20>n
|
|||
|
|
ol <20>l
|
|||
|
|
os <20>
|
|||
|
|
ud <20>d
|
|||
|
|
un <20>n
|
|||
|
|
ul <20>l
|
|||
|
|
us <20>
|
|||
|
|
; restore ng
|
|||
|
|
x ng
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<?Exceptions?>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
; There is one exception per line. Each exception consists of
|
|||
|
|
; the transliteration (which may be several syllables separated
|
|||
|
|
; by spaces), followed by a space, a colon, a space, and the
|
|||
|
|
; pronunciation (which may also contain spaces). A semicolon
|
|||
|
|
; precedes a comment. Blank lines are OK.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
ba : wa ; mind you, ba (pronounced ba) means cow. But that's much rarer than wa.
|
|||
|
|
bo : wo
|
|||
|
|
ba'i : wa'i
|
|||
|
|
bo'i : wo'i
|
|||
|
|
bar : ?bar/war? ; bar = "middle"; could be either, so supply both and let user sort it out
|
|||
|
|
bor : ?bor/wor? ; bor = "cast away"; could be either, so supply both and let user sort it out
|
|||
|
|
rdo rje : dorj<72>
|
|||
|
|
mkha' 'gro : khandro
|
|||
|
|
sku mnye : kumny<6E>
|
|||
|
|
sprul sku : tulku
|
|||
|
|
mtsho rgyal : tsogy<67>l
|
|||
|
|
rta mgrin: tamdrin
|
|||
|
|
dga' ldan : ganden
|
|||
|
|
dge 'dun : gend<6E>n
|
|||
|
|
a mdo : amdo
|
|||
|
|
srid pa : sipa
|
|||
|
|
pad ma : p<>ma
|