microservices-demo/README.md

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# Hipster Shop: Cloud-Native Microservices Demo Application
This project contains a 10-tier microservices application. The application is a
web-based e-commerce app called **“Hipster Shop”** where users can browse items,
add them to the cart, and purchase them.
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**Google uses this application to demonstrate use of technologies like
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Kubernetes/GKE, Istio, Stackdriver, gRPC and OpenCensus**. This application
works on any Kubernetes cluster (such as a local one), as well as Google
Kubernetes Engine. Its **easy to deploy with little to no configuration**.
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If youre using this demo, please **★Star** this repository to show your interest!
> 👓**Note to Googlers:** Please fill out the form at
> [go/microservices-demo](http://go/microservices-demo) if you are using this
> application.
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## Screenshots
| Home Page | Checkout Screen |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| [![Screenshot of store homepage](./docs/img/hipster-shop-frontend-1.png)](./docs/img/hipster-shop-frontend-1.png) | [![Screenshot of checkout screen](./docs/img/hipster-shop-frontend-2.png)](./docs/img/hipster-shop-frontend-2.png) |
## Service Architecture
**Hipster Shop** is composed of many microservices written in different
languages that talk to each other over gRPC.
[![Architecture of
microservices](./docs/img/architecture-diagram.png)](./docs/img/architecture-diagram.png)
Find **Protocol Buffers Descriptions** at the [`./pb` directory](./pb).
| Service | Language | Description |
| ---------------------------------------------------- | ------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| [frontend](./src/frontend) | Go | Exposes an HTTP server to serve the website. Does not require signup/login and generates session IDs for all users automatically. |
| [cartservice](./src/cartservice) | C# | Stores the items in the user's shipping cart in Redis and retrieves it. |
| [productcatalogservice](./src/productcatalogservice) | Go | Provides the list of products from a JSON file and ability to search products and get individual products. |
| [currencyservice](./src/currencyservice) | Node.js | Converts one money amount to another currency. Uses real values fetched from European Central Bank. It's the highest QPS service. |
| [paymentservice](./src/paymentservice) | Node.js | Charges the given credit card info (mock) with the given amount and returns a transaction ID. |
| [shippingservice](./src/shippingservice) | Go | Gives shipping cost estimates based on the shopping cart. Ships items to the given address (mock) |
| [emailservice](./src/emailservice) | Python | Sends users an order confirmation email (mock). |
| [checkoutservice](./src/checkoutservice) | Go | Retrieves user cart, prepares order and orchestrates the payment, shipping and the email notification. |
| [recommendationservice](./src/recommendationservice) | Python | Recommends other products based on what's given in the cart. |
| [adservice](./src/adservice) | Java | Provides text ads based on given context words. |
| [loadgenerator](./src/loadgenerator) | Python/Locust | Continuously sends requests imitating realistic user shopping flows to the frontend. |
## Features
- **[Kubernetes](https://kubernetes.io)/[GKE](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/):**
The app is designed to run on Kubernetes (both locally on "Docker for
Desktop", as well as on the cloud with GKE).
- **[gRPC](https://grpc.io):** Microservices use a high volume of gRPC calls to
communicate to each other.
- **[Istio](https://istio.io):** Application works on Istio service mesh.
- **[OpenCensus](https://opencensus.io/) Tracing:** Most services are
instrumented using OpenCensus trace interceptors for gRPC/HTTP.
- **[Stackdriver APM](https://cloud.google.com/stackdriver/):** Many services
are instrumented with **Profiling**, **Tracing** and **Debugging**. In
addition to these, using Istio enables features like Request/Response
**Metrics** and **Context Graph** out of the box. When it is running out of
Google Cloud, this code path remains inactive.
- **[Skaffold](https://skaffold.dev):** Application
is deployed to Kubernetes with a single command using Skaffold.
- **Synthetic Load Generation:** The application demo comes with a background
job that creates realistic usage patterns on the website using
[Locust](https://locust.io/) load generator.
## Installation
We offer three installation methods:
1. **Running locally with “Docker for Desktop”** (~20 minutes) You will build
and deploy microservices images to a single-node Kubernetes cluster running
on your development machine.
2. **Running on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)”** (~30 minutes) You will build,
upload and deploy the container images to a Kubernetes cluster on Google
Cloud.
3. **Using pre-built container images:** (~10 minutes, you will still need to
follow one of the steps above up until `skaffold run` command). With this
option, you will use pre-built container images that are available publicly,
instead of building them yourself, which takes a long time).
### Option 1: Running locally with “Docker for Desktop”
> 💡 Recommended if you're planning to develop the application or giving it a
> try on your local cluster.
1. Install tools to run a Kubernetes cluster locally:
- kubectl (can be installed via `gcloud components install kubectl`)
- Docker for Desktop (Mac/Windows): It provides Kubernetes support as [noted
here](https://docs.docker.com/docker-for-mac/kubernetes/).
- [skaffold](https://skaffold.dev/docs/getting-started/#installing-skaffold)
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(ensure version ≥v0.20)
1. Launch “Docker for Desktop”. Go to Preferences:
- choose “Enable Kubernetes”,
- set CPUs to at least 3, and Memory to at least 6.0 GiB
- on the "Disk" tab, set at least 32 GB disk space
1. Run `kubectl get nodes` to verify you're connected to “Kubernetes on Docker”.
1. Run `skaffold run` (first time will be slow, it can take ~20 minutes).
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This will build and deploy the application. If you need to rebuild the images
automatically as you refactor the code, run `skaffold dev` command.
1. Run `kubectl get pods` to verify the Pods are ready and running. The
application frontend should be available at http://localhost:80 on your
machine.
### Option 2: Running on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)
> 💡 Recommended if you're using Google Cloud Platform and want to try it on
> a realistic cluster.
1. Install tools specified in the previous section (Docker, kubectl, skaffold)
1. Create a Google Kubernetes Engine cluster and make sure `kubectl` is pointing
to the cluster.
```sh
gcloud services enable container.googleapis.com
```
```sh
gcloud container clusters create demo --enable-autoupgrade \
--enable-autoscaling --min-nodes=3 --max-nodes=10 --num-nodes=5 --zone=us-central1-a
```
```
kubectl get nodes
```
1. Enable Google Container Registry (GCR) on your GCP project and configure the
`docker` CLI to authenticate to GCR:
```sh
gcloud services enable containerregistry.googleapis.com
```
```sh
gcloud auth configure-docker -q
```
1. In the root of this repository, run `skaffold run --default-repo=gcr.io/[PROJECT_ID]`,
where [PROJECT_ID] is your GCP project ID.
This command:
- builds the container images
- pushes them to GCR
- applies the `./kubernetes-manifests` deploying the application to
Kubernetes.
**Troubleshooting:** If you get "No space left on device" error on Google
Cloud Shell, you can build the images on Google Cloud Build: [Enable the
Cloud Build
API](https://console.cloud.google.com/flows/enableapi?apiid=cloudbuild.googleapis.com),
then run `skaffold run -p gcb --default-repo=gcr.io/[PROJECT_ID]` instead.
1. Find the IP address of your application, then visit the application on your
browser to confirm installation.
kubectl get service frontend-external
**Troubleshooting:** A Kubernetes bug (will be fixed in 1.12) combined with
a Skaffold [bug](https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/skaffold/issues/887)
causes load balancer to not to work even after getting an IP address. If you
are seeing this, run `kubectl get service frontend-external -o=yaml | kubectl apply -f-`
to trigger load balancer reconfiguration.
### Option 3: Using Pre-Built Container Images
> 💡 Recommended if you want to deploy the app faster in fewer steps to an
> existing cluster.
**NOTE:** If you need to create a Kubernetes cluster locally or on the cloud,
follow "Option 1" or "Option 2" until you reach the `skaffold run` step.
This option offers you pre-built public container images that are easy to deploy
by deploying the [release manifest](./release) directly to an existing cluster.
**Prerequisite**: a running Kubernetes cluster (either local or on cloud).
1. Clone this repository, and go to the repository directory
1. Run `kubectl apply -f ./release/kubernetes-manifests.yaml` to deploy the app.
1. Run `kubectl get pods` to see pods are in a Ready state.
1. Find the IP address of your application, then visit the application on your
browser to confirm installation.
```sh
kubectl get service/frontend-external
```
### (Optional) Deploying on a Istio-installed GKE cluster
> **Note:** you followed GKE deployment steps above, run `skaffold delete` first
> to delete what's deployed.
1. Create a GKE cluster (described in "Option 2").
1. Use [Istio on GKE add-on](https://cloud.google.com/istio/docs/istio-on-gke/installing)
to install Istio to your existing GKE cluster.
```sh
gcloud beta container clusters update demo \
--zone=us-central1-a \
--update-addons=Istio=ENABLED \
--istio-config=auth=MTLS_PERMISSIVE
```
> NOTE: If you need to enable `MTLS_STRICT` mode, you will need to update
> several manifest files:
>
> - `kubernetes-manifests/frontend.yaml`: delete "livenessProbe" and
> "readinessProbe" fields.
> - `kubernetes-manifests/loadgenerator.yaml`: delete "initContainers" field.
1. (Optional) Enable Stackdriver Tracing/Logging with Istio Stackdriver Adapter
by [following this guide](https://cloud.google.com/istio/docs/istio-on-gke/installing#enabling_tracing_and_logging).
1. Install the automatic sidecar injection (annotate the `default` namespace
with the label):
```sh
kubectl label namespace default istio-injection=enabled
```
1. Apply the manifests in [`./istio-manifests`](./istio-manifests) directory.
(This is required only once.)
```sh
kubectl apply -f ./istio-manifests
```
1. Deploy the application with `skaffold run --default-repo=gcr.io/[PROJECT_ID]`.
1. Run `kubectl get pods` to see pods are in a healthy and ready state.
1. Find the IP address of your Istio gateway Ingress or Service, and visit the
application.
```sh
INGRESS_HOST="$(kubectl -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway \
-o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}')"
echo "$INGRESS_HOST"
```
```sh
curl -v "http://$INGRESS_HOST"
```
### Cleanup
If you've deployed the application with `skaffold run` command, you can run
`skaffold delete` to clean up the deployed resources.
If you've deployed the application with `kubectl apply -f [...]`, you can
run `kubectl delete -f [...]` with the same argument to clean up the deployed
resources.
## Conferences featuring Hipster Shop
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- [Google Cloud Next'18 London Keynote](https://youtu.be/nIq2pkNcfEI?t=3071)
showing Stackdriver Incident Response Management
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- Google Cloud Next'18 SF
- [Day 1 Keynote](https://youtu.be/vJ9OaAqfxo4?t=2416) showing GKE On-Prem
- [Day 3 Keynote](https://youtu.be/JQPOPV_VH5w?t=815) showing Stackdriver
APM (Tracing, Code Search, Profiler, Google Cloud Build)
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- [Introduction to Service Management with Istio](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCJrdKdD6UM&feature=youtu.be&t=586)
---
This is not an official Google project.