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<p align="center">
<img src="src/frontend/static/icons/Hipster_HeroLogoCyan.svg" width="300"/>
</p>
**Online Boutique** is a cloud-native microservices demo application.
Online Boutique consists of a 10-tier microservices application. The application is a
web-based e-commerce app where users can browse items,
add them to the cart, and purchase them.
**Google uses this application to demonstrate use of technologies like
Kubernetes/GKE, Istio, Stackdriver, gRPC and OpenCensus**. This application
works on any Kubernetes cluster (such as a local one), as well as Google
Kubernetes Engine. It’s **easy to deploy with little to no configuration**.
If you’re using this demo, please **★Star** this repository to show your interest!
> 👓**Note to Googlers:** Please fill out the form at
> [go/microservices-demo](http://go/microservices-demo) if you are using this
> application.
Looking for the old Hipster Shop frontend interface? Use the [manifests](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/microservices-demo/tree/v0.1.5/kubernetes-manifests) in release [v0.1.5](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/microservices-demo/releases/v0.1.5).
## Screenshots
| Home Page | Checkout Screen |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| [![Screenshot of store homepage](./docs/img/online-boutique-frontend-1.png)](./docs/img/online-boutique-frontend-1.png) | [![Screenshot of checkout screen](./docs/img/online-boutique-frontend-2.png)](./docs/img/online-boutique-frontend-2.png) |
## Service Architecture
**Online Boutique** is composed of many microservices written in different
languages that talk to each other over gRPC.
[![Architecture of
microservices](./docs/img/architecture-diagram.png)](./docs/img/architecture-diagram.png)
Find **Protocol Buffers Descriptions** at the [`./pb` directory](./pb).
| Service | Language | Description |
| ---------------------------------------------------- | ------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| [frontend](./src/frontend) | Go | Exposes an HTTP server to serve the website. Does not require signup/login and generates session IDs for all users automatically. |
| [cartservice](./src/cartservice) | C# | Stores the items in the user's shopping cart in Redis and retrieves it. |
| [productcatalogservice](./src/productcatalogservice) | Go | Provides the list of products from a JSON file and ability to search products and get individual products. |
| [currencyservice](./src/currencyservice) | Node.js | Converts one money amount to another currency. Uses real values fetched from European Central Bank. It's the highest QPS service. |
| [paymentservice](./src/paymentservice) | Node.js | Charges the given credit card info (mock) with the given amount and returns a transaction ID. |
| [shippingservice](./src/shippingservice) | Go | Gives shipping cost estimates based on the shopping cart. Ships items to the given address (mock) |
| [emailservice](./src/emailservice) | Python | Sends users an order confirmation email (mock). |
| [checkoutservice](./src/checkoutservice) | Go | Retrieves user cart, prepares order and orchestrates the payment, shipping and the email notification. |
| [recommendationservice](./src/recommendationservice) | Python | Recommends other products based on what's given in the cart. |
| [adservice](./src/adservice) | Java | Provides text ads based on given context words. |
| [loadgenerator](./src/loadgenerator) | Python/Locust | Continuously sends requests imitating realistic user shopping flows to the frontend. |
## Features
- **[Kubernetes](https://kubernetes.io)/[GKE](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/):**
The app is designed to run on Kubernetes (both locally on "Docker for
Desktop", as well as on the cloud with GKE).
- **[gRPC](https://grpc.io):** Microservices use a high volume of gRPC calls to
communicate to each other.
- **[Istio](https://istio.io):** Application works on Istio service mesh.
- **[OpenCensus](https://opencensus.io/) Tracing:** Most services are
instrumented using OpenCensus trace interceptors for gRPC/HTTP.
- **[Stackdriver APM](https://cloud.google.com/stackdriver/):** Many services
are instrumented with **Profiling**, **Tracing** and **Debugging**. In
addition to these, using Istio enables features like Request/Response
**Metrics** and **Context Graph** out of the box. When it is running out of
Google Cloud, this code path remains inactive.
- **[Skaffold](https://skaffold.dev):** Application
is deployed to Kubernetes with a single command using Skaffold.
- **Synthetic Load Generation:** The application demo comes with a background
job that creates realistic usage patterns on the website using
[Locust](https://locust.io/) load generator.
## Installation
We offer the following installation methods:
1. **Running locally** (~20 minutes) You will build
and deploy microservices images to a single-node Kubernetes cluster running
on your development machine. There are three options to run a Kubernetes
cluster locally for this demo:
- [Minikube](https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube). Recommended for
Linux hosts (also supports Mac/Windows).
- [Docker for Desktop](https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop).
Recommended for Mac/Windows.
- [Kind](https://kind.sigs.k8s.io). Supports Mac/Windows/Linux.
1. **Running on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)** (~30 minutes) You will build,
upload and deploy the container images to a Kubernetes cluster on Google
Cloud.
1. **Using pre-built container images:** (~10 minutes, you will still need to
follow one of the steps above up until `skaffold run` command). With this
option, you will use pre-built container images that are available publicly,
instead of building them yourself, which takes a long time).
### Prerequisites
- kubectl (can be installed via `gcloud components install kubectl`)
- Local Kubernetes cluster deployment tool:
- [Minikube (recommended for
Linux)](https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/minikube/)
- [Docker for Desktop (recommended for Mac/Windows)](https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop)
- It provides Kubernetes support as [noted
here](https://docs.docker.com/docker-for-mac/kubernetes/)
- [Kind](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind)
- [skaffold]( https://skaffold.dev/docs/install/) ([ensure version ≥v1.10](https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/skaffold/releases))
- Enable GCP APIs for Cloud Monitoring, Tracing, Debugger:
```
gcloud services enable monitoring.googleapis.com \
cloudtrace.googleapis.com \
clouddebugger.googleapis.com
```
### Option 1: Running locally
> 💡 Recommended if you're planning to develop the application or giving it a
> try on your local cluster.
1. Launch a local Kubernetes cluster with one of the following tools:
- To launch **Minikube** (tested with Ubuntu Linux). Please, ensure that the
local Kubernetes cluster has at least:
- 4 CPU's
- 4.0 GiB memory
- 32 GB disk space
```shell
minikube start --cpus=4 --memory 4096 --disk-size 32g
```
- To launch **Docker for Desktop** (tested with Mac/Windows). Go to Preferences:
- choose “Enable Kubernetes”,
- set CPUs to at least 3, and Memory to at least 6.0 GiB
- on the "Disk" tab, set at least 32 GB disk space
- To launch a **Kind** cluster:
```shell
kind create cluster
```
2. Run `kubectl get nodes` to verify you're connected to “Kubernetes on Docker”.
3. Run `skaffold run` (first time will be slow, it can take ~20 minutes).
This will build and deploy the application. If you need to rebuild the images
automatically as you refactor the code, run `skaffold dev` command.
4. Run `kubectl get pods` to verify the Pods are ready and running.
5. Access the web frontend through your browser
- **Minikube** requires you to run a command to access the frontend service:
```shell
minikube service frontend-external
```
- **Docker For Desktop** should automatically provide the frontend at http://localhost:80
- **Kind** does not provision an IP address for the service.
You must run a port-forwarding process to access the frontend at http://localhost:8080:
```shell
kubectl port-forward deployment/frontend 8080:8080
```
### Option 2: Running on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)
> 💡 Recommended if you're using Google Cloud Platform and want to try it on
> a realistic cluster.
1. Create a Google Kubernetes Engine cluster and make sure `kubectl` is pointing
to the cluster.
```sh
gcloud services enable container.googleapis.com
```
```sh
gcloud container clusters create demo --enable-autoupgrade \
--enable-autoscaling --min-nodes=3 --max-nodes=10 --num-nodes=5 --zone=us-central1-a
```
```
kubectl get nodes
```
2. Enable Google Container Registry (GCR) on your GCP project and configure the
`docker` CLI to authenticate to GCR:
```sh
gcloud services enable containerregistry.googleapis.com
```
```sh
gcloud auth configure-docker -q
```
3. In the root of this repository, run `skaffold run --default-repo=gcr.io/[PROJECT_ID]`,
where [PROJECT_ID] is your GCP project ID.
This command:
- builds the container images
- pushes them to GCR
- applies the `./kubernetes-manifests` deploying the application to
Kubernetes.
**Troubleshooting:** If you get "No space left on device" error on Google
Cloud Shell, you can build the images on Google Cloud Build: [Enable the
Cloud Build
API](https://console.cloud.google.com/flows/enableapi?apiid=cloudbuild.googleapis.com),
then run `skaffold run -p gcb --default-repo=gcr.io/[PROJECT_ID]` instead.
4. Find the IP address of your application, then visit the application on your
browser to confirm installation.
kubectl get service frontend-external
### Option 3: Using Pre-Built Container Images
> 💡 Recommended if you want to deploy the app faster in fewer steps to an
> existing cluster.
**NOTE:** If you need to create a Kubernetes cluster locally or on the cloud,
follow "Option 1" or "Option 2" until you reach the `skaffold run` step.
This option offers you pre-built public container images that are easy to deploy
by deploying the [release manifest](./release) directly to an existing cluster.
**Prerequisite**: a running Kubernetes cluster (either local or on cloud).
1. Clone this repository, and go to the repository directory
1. Run `kubectl apply -f ./release/kubernetes-manifests.yaml` to deploy the app.
1. Run `kubectl get pods` to see pods are in a Ready state.
1. Find the IP address of your application, then visit the application on your
browser to confirm installation.
```sh
kubectl get service/frontend-external
```
### Option 4: Deploying on a Istio-enabled GKE cluster
> **Note:** if you followed GKE deployment steps above, run `skaffold delete` first to delete what's deployed.
1. Create a GKE cluster (described in "Option 2").
2. Use the [Istio on GKE add-on](https://cloud.google.com/istio/docs/istio-on-gke/installing)
to install Istio to your existing GKE cluster.
```sh
gcloud beta container clusters update demo \
--zone=us-central1-a \
--update-addons=Istio=ENABLED \
--istio-config=auth=MTLS_PERMISSIVE
```
3. (Optional) Enable Stackdriver Tracing/Logging with Istio Stackdriver Adapter
by [following this guide](https://cloud.google.com/istio/docs/istio-on-gke/installing#enabling_tracing_and_logging).
4. Install the automatic sidecar injection (annotate the `default` namespace
with the label):
```sh
kubectl label namespace default istio-injection=enabled
```
5. Apply the manifests in [`./istio-manifests`](./istio-manifests) directory.
(This is required only once.)
```sh
kubectl apply -f ./istio-manifests
```
6. In the root of this repository, run `skaffold run --default-repo=gcr.io/[PROJECT_ID]`,
where [PROJECT_ID] is your GCP project ID.
This command:
- builds the container images
- pushes them to GCR
- applies the `./kubernetes-manifests` deploying the application to
Kubernetes.
**Troubleshooting:** If you get "No space left on device" error on Google
Cloud Shell, you can build the images on Google Cloud Build: [Enable the
Cloud Build
API](https://console.cloud.google.com/flows/enableapi?apiid=cloudbuild.googleapis.com),
then run `skaffold run -p gcb --default-repo=gcr.io/[PROJECT_ID]` instead.
7. Run `kubectl get pods` to see pods are in a healthy and ready state.
8. Find the IP address of your Istio gateway Ingress or Service, and visit the
application.
```sh
INGRESS_HOST="$(kubectl -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway \
-o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}')"
echo "$INGRESS_HOST"
```
```sh
curl -v "http://$INGRESS_HOST"
```
### Cleanup
If you've deployed the application with `skaffold run` command, you can run
`skaffold delete` to clean up the deployed resources.
If you've deployed the application with `kubectl apply -f [...]`, you can
run `kubectl delete -f [...]` with the same argument to clean up the deployed
resources.
## Conferences featuring Online Boutique
- [Google Cloud Next'18 London – Keynote](https://youtu.be/nIq2pkNcfEI?t=3071)
showing Stackdriver Incident Response Management
- Google Cloud Next'18 SF
- [Day 1 Keynote](https://youtu.be/vJ9OaAqfxo4?t=2416) showing GKE On-Prem
- [Day 3 – Keynote](https://youtu.be/JQPOPV_VH5w?t=815) showing Stackdriver
APM (Tracing, Code Search, Profiler, Google Cloud Build)
- [Introduction to Service Management with Istio](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCJrdKdD6UM&feature=youtu.be&t=586)
- [KubeCon EU 2019 - Reinventing Networking: A Deep Dive into Istio's Multicluster Gateways - Steve Dake, Independent](https://youtu.be/-t2BfT59zJA?t=982)
---
This is not an official Google project.
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