quay/data/database.py

import inspect
import logging
import string
import sys
import time
import uuid

from collections import defaultdict
from datetime import datetime
from random import SystemRandom

import resumablehashlib
import toposort

from enum import Enum
from peewee import *
from sqlalchemy.engine.url import make_url

from data.fields import ResumableSHA256Field, ResumableSHA1Field, JSONField, Base64BinaryField
from data.read_slave import ReadSlaveModel
from util.names import urn_generator


logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


SCHEME_DRIVERS = {
  'mysql': MySQLDatabase,
  'mysql+pymysql': MySQLDatabase,
  'sqlite': SqliteDatabase,
  'postgresql': PostgresqlDatabase,
  'postgresql+psycopg2': PostgresqlDatabase,
}

SCHEME_RANDOM_FUNCTION = {
  'mysql': fn.Rand,
  'mysql+pymysql': fn.Rand,
  'sqlite': fn.Random,
  'postgresql': fn.Random,
  'postgresql+psycopg2': fn.Random,
}

def real_for_update(query):
  return query.for_update()

def null_for_update(query):
  return query

def delete_instance_filtered(instance, model_class, delete_nullable, skip_transitive_deletes):
  """ Deletes the DB instance recursively, skipping any models in the skip_transitive_deletes set.

      Callers *must* ensure that any models listed in the skip_transitive_deletes must be capable
      of being directly deleted when the instance is deleted (with automatic sorting handling
      dependency order).

      For example, the RepositoryTag and Image tables for Repository will always refer to the
      *same* repository when RepositoryTag references Image, so we can safely skip
      transitive deletion for the RepositoryTag table.
  """
  # We need to sort the ops so that models get cleaned in order of their dependencies
  ops = reversed(list(instance.dependencies(delete_nullable)))
  filtered_ops = []

  dependencies = defaultdict(set)

  for query, fk in ops:
    # We only want to skip transitive deletes, which are done using subqueries in the form of
    # DELETE FROM <table> in <subquery>. If an op is not using a subquery, we allow it to be
    # applied directly.
    if fk.model_class not in skip_transitive_deletes or query.op != 'in':
      filtered_ops.append((query, fk))

    if query.op == 'in':
      dependencies[fk.model_class.__name__].add(query.rhs.model_class.__name__)
    elif query.op == '=':
      dependencies[fk.model_class.__name__].add(model_class.__name__)
    else:
      raise RuntimeError('Unknown operator in recursive repository delete query')

  sorted_models = list(reversed(toposort.toposort_flatten(dependencies)))
  def sorted_model_key(query_fk_tuple):
    cmp_query, cmp_fk = query_fk_tuple
    if cmp_query.op == 'in':
      return -1
    return sorted_models.index(cmp_fk.model_class.__name__)
  filtered_ops.sort(key=sorted_model_key)

  with db_transaction():
    for query, fk in filtered_ops:
      model = fk.model_class
      if fk.null and not delete_nullable:
        model.update(**{fk.name: None}).where(query).execute()
      else:
        model.delete().where(query).execute()

    return instance.delete().where(instance._pk_expr()).execute()


SCHEME_SPECIALIZED_FOR_UPDATE = {
  'sqlite': null_for_update,
}

class CallableProxy(Proxy):
  def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
    if self.obj is None:
      raise AttributeError('Cannot use uninitialized Proxy.')
    return self.obj(*args, **kwargs)


class CloseForLongOperation(object):
  """ Helper object which disconnects the database then reconnects after the nested operation
      completes.
  """

  def __init__(self, config_object):
    self.config_object = config_object

  def __enter__(self):
    if self.config_object.get('TESTING') == True:
      return

    close_db_filter(None)

  def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
    # Note: Nothing to do. The next SQL call will reconnect automatically.
    pass


class UseThenDisconnect(object):
  """ Helper object for conducting work with a database and then tearing it down. """

  def __init__(self, config_object):
    self.config_object = config_object

  def __enter__(self):
    configure(self.config_object)

  def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
    close_db_filter(None)


class TupleSelector(object):
  """ Helper class for selecting tuples from a peewee query and easily accessing
      them as if they were objects.
  """
  class _TupleWrapper(object):
    def __init__(self, data, fields):
      self._data = data
      self._fields = fields

    def get(self, field):
      return self._data[self._fields.index(TupleSelector.tuple_reference_key(field))]

  @classmethod
  def tuple_reference_key(cls, field):
    """ Returns a string key for referencing a field in a TupleSelector. """
    if field._node_type == 'func':
      return field.name + ','.join([cls.tuple_reference_key(arg) for arg in field.arguments])

    if field._node_type == 'field':
      return field.name + ':' + field.model_class.__name__

    raise Exception('Unknown field type %s in TupleSelector' % field._node_type)

  def __init__(self, query, fields):
    self._query = query.select(*fields).tuples()
    self._fields = [TupleSelector.tuple_reference_key(field) for field in fields]

  def __iter__(self):
    return self._build_iterator()

  def _build_iterator(self):
    for tuple_data in self._query:
      yield TupleSelector._TupleWrapper(tuple_data, self._fields)


db = Proxy()
read_slave = Proxy()
db_random_func = CallableProxy()
db_for_update = CallableProxy()
db_transaction = CallableProxy()


def validate_database_url(url, db_kwargs, connect_timeout=5):
  db_kwargs = db_kwargs.copy()
  db_kwargs['connect_timeout'] = connect_timeout

  driver = _db_from_url(url, db_kwargs)
  driver.connect()
  driver.close()


def _db_from_url(url, db_kwargs):
  parsed_url = make_url(url)

  if parsed_url.host:
    db_kwargs['host'] = parsed_url.host
  if parsed_url.port:
    db_kwargs['port'] = parsed_url.port
  if parsed_url.username:
    db_kwargs['user'] = parsed_url.username
  if parsed_url.password:
    db_kwargs['password'] = parsed_url.password

  # Note: sqlite does not support connect_timeout.
  if parsed_url.drivername == 'sqlite' and 'connect_timeout' in db_kwargs:
    del db_kwargs['connect_timeout']

  return SCHEME_DRIVERS[parsed_url.drivername](parsed_url.database, **db_kwargs)


def configure(config_object):
  logger.debug('Configuring database')
  db_kwargs = dict(config_object['DB_CONNECTION_ARGS'])
  write_db_uri = config_object['DB_URI']
  db.initialize(_db_from_url(write_db_uri, db_kwargs))

  parsed_write_uri = make_url(write_db_uri)
  db_random_func.initialize(SCHEME_RANDOM_FUNCTION[parsed_write_uri.drivername])
  db_for_update.initialize(SCHEME_SPECIALIZED_FOR_UPDATE.get(parsed_write_uri.drivername,
                                                             real_for_update))

  read_slave_uri = config_object.get('DB_READ_SLAVE_URI', None)
  if read_slave_uri is not None:
    read_slave.initialize(_db_from_url(read_slave_uri, db_kwargs))

  def _db_transaction():
    return config_object['DB_TRANSACTION_FACTORY'](db)

  db_transaction.initialize(_db_transaction)

def random_string_generator(length=16):
  def random_string():
    random = SystemRandom()
    return ''.join([random.choice(string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits)
                    for _ in range(length)])
  return random_string


def uuid_generator():
  return str(uuid.uuid4())


get_epoch_timestamp = lambda: int(time.time())


def close_db_filter(_):
  if not db.is_closed():
    logger.debug('Disconnecting from database.')
    db.close()

  if read_slave.obj is not None and not read_slave.is_closed():
    logger.debug('Disconnecting from read slave.')
    read_slave.close()


class QuayUserField(ForeignKeyField):
  def __init__(self, allows_robots=False, robot_null_delete=False, *args, **kwargs):
    self.allows_robots = allows_robots
    self.robot_null_delete = robot_null_delete
    if not 'rel_model' in kwargs:
      kwargs['rel_model'] = User

    super(QuayUserField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)


class BaseModel(ReadSlaveModel):
  class Meta:
    database = db
    read_slaves = (read_slave,)

  def __getattribute__(self, name):
    """ Adds _id accessors so that foreign key field IDs can be looked up without making
        a database roundtrip.
    """
    if name.endswith('_id'):
      field_name = name[0:len(name) - 3]
      if field_name in self._meta.fields:
        return self._data.get(field_name)

    return super(BaseModel, self).__getattribute__(name)


class User(BaseModel):
  uuid = CharField(default=uuid_generator, max_length=36, null=True)
  username = CharField(unique=True, index=True)
  password_hash = CharField(null=True)
  email = CharField(unique=True, index=True,
                    default=random_string_generator(length=64))
  verified = BooleanField(default=False)
  stripe_id = CharField(index=True, null=True)
  organization = BooleanField(default=False, index=True)
  robot = BooleanField(default=False, index=True)
  invoice_email = BooleanField(default=False)
  invalid_login_attempts = IntegerField(default=0)
  last_invalid_login = DateTimeField(default=datetime.utcnow)
  removed_tag_expiration_s = IntegerField(default=1209600)  # Two weeks
  enabled = BooleanField(default=True)
  invoice_email_address = CharField(null=True, index=True)

  def delete_instance(self, recursive=False, delete_nullable=False):
    # If we are deleting a robot account, only execute the subset of queries necessary.
    if self.robot:
      # For all the model dependencies, only delete those that allow robots.
      for query, fk in reversed(list(self.dependencies(search_nullable=True))):
        if isinstance(fk, QuayUserField) and fk.allows_robots:
          model = fk.model_class

          if fk.robot_null_delete:
            model.update(**{fk.name: None}).where(query).execute()
          else:
            model.delete().where(query).execute()

      # Delete the instance itself.
      super(User, self).delete_instance(recursive=False, delete_nullable=False)
    else:
      if not recursive:
        raise RuntimeError('Non-recursive delete on user.')

      # These models don't need to use transitive deletes, because the referenced objects
      # are cleaned up directly
      skip_transitive_deletes = {Image}
      delete_instance_filtered(self, User, delete_nullable, skip_transitive_deletes)


Namespace = User.alias()


class TeamRole(BaseModel):
  name = CharField(index=True)


class Team(BaseModel):
  name = CharField(index=True)
  organization = QuayUserField(index=True)
  role = ForeignKeyField(TeamRole)
  description = TextField(default='')

  class Meta:
    database = db
    read_slaves = (read_slave,)
    indexes = (
      # A team name must be unique within an organization
      (('name', 'organization'), True),
    )


class TeamMember(BaseModel):
  user = QuayUserField(allows_robots=True, index=True)
  team = ForeignKeyField(Team, index=True)

  class Meta:
    database = db
    read_slaves = (read_slave,)
    indexes = (
      # A user may belong to a team only once
      (('user', 'team'), True),
    )


class TeamMemberInvite(BaseModel):
  # Note: Either user OR email will be filled in, but not both.
  user = QuayUserField(index=True, null=True)
  email = CharField(null=True)
  team = ForeignKeyField(Team, index=True)
  inviter = ForeignKeyField(User, related_name='inviter')
  invite_token = CharField(default=urn_generator(['teaminvite']))


class LoginService(BaseModel):
  name = CharField(unique=True, index=True)


class FederatedLogin(BaseModel):
  user = QuayUserField(allows_robots=True, index=True)
  service = ForeignKeyField(LoginService, index=True)
  service_ident = CharField()
  metadata_json = TextField(default='{}')

  class Meta:
    database = db
    read_slaves = (read_slave,)
    indexes = (
      # create a unique index on service and the local service id
      (('service', 'service_ident'), True),

      # a user may only have one federated login per service
      (('service', 'user'), True),
    )


class Visibility(BaseModel):
  name = CharField(index=True, unique=True)


class Repository(BaseModel):
  namespace_user = QuayUserField(null=True)
  name = CharField()
  visibility = ForeignKeyField(Visibility)
  description = TextField(null=True)
  badge_token = CharField(default=uuid_generator)

  class Meta:
    database = db
    read_slaves = (read_slave,)
    indexes = (
      # create a unique index on namespace and name
      (('namespace_user', 'name'), True),
    )

  def delete_instance(self, recursive=False, delete_nullable=False):
    if not recursive:
      raise RuntimeError('Non-recursive delete on repository.')

    # These models don't need to use transitive deletes, because the referenced objects
    # are cleaned up directly
    skip_transitive_deletes = {RepositoryTag, RepositoryBuild, RepositoryBuildTrigger, BlobUpload,
                               Image, TagManifest, DerivedStorageForImage}

    delete_instance_filtered(self, Repository, delete_nullable, skip_transitive_deletes)


class Star(BaseModel):
  user = ForeignKeyField(User, index=True)
  repository = ForeignKeyField(Repository, index=True)
  created = DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)

  class Meta:
    database = db
    read_slaves = (read_slave,)
    indexes = (
      # create a unique index on user and repository
      (('user', 'repository'), True),
    )


class Role(BaseModel):
  name = CharField(index=True, unique=True)


class RepositoryPermission(BaseModel):
  team = ForeignKeyField(Team, index=True, null=True)
  user = QuayUserField(allows_robots=True, index=True, null=True)
  repository = ForeignKeyField(Repository, index=True)
  role = ForeignKeyField(Role)

  class Meta:
    database = db
    read_slaves = (read_slave,)
    indexes = (
      (('team', 'repository'), True),
      (('user', 'repository'), True),
    )


class PermissionPrototype(BaseModel):
  org = QuayUserField(index=True, related_name='orgpermissionproto')
  uuid = CharField(default=uuid_generator)
  activating_user = QuayUserField(allows_robots=True, index=True, null=True,
                                  related_name='userpermissionproto')
  delegate_user = QuayUserField(allows_robots=True,related_name='receivingpermission',
                                null=True)
  delegate_team = ForeignKeyField(Team, related_name='receivingpermission',
                                  null=True)
  role = ForeignKeyField(Role)

  class Meta:
    database = db
    read_slaves = (read_slave,)
    indexes = (
      (('org', 'activating_user'), False),
    )


class AccessTokenKind(BaseModel):
  name = CharField(unique=True, index=True)


class AccessToken(BaseModel):
  friendly_name = CharField(null=True)
  code = CharField(default=random_string_generator(length=64), unique=True,
                   index=True)
  repository = ForeignKeyField(Repository)
  created = DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
  role = ForeignKeyField(Role)
  temporary = BooleanField(default=True)
  kind = ForeignKeyField(AccessTokenKind, null=True)


class BuildTriggerService(BaseModel):
  name = CharField(index=True, unique=True)


class RepositoryBuildTrigger(BaseModel):
  uuid = CharField(default=uuid_generator)
  service = ForeignKeyField(BuildTriggerService, index=True)
  repository = ForeignKeyField(Repository, index=True)
  connected_user = QuayUserField()
  auth_token = CharField(null=True)
  private_key = TextField(null=True)
  config = TextField(default='{}')
  write_token = ForeignKeyField(AccessToken, null=True)
  pull_robot = QuayUserField(allows_robots=True, null=True, related_name='triggerpullrobot',
                             robot_null_delete=True)


class EmailConfirmation(BaseModel):
  code = CharField(default=random_string_generator(), unique=True, index=True)
  user = QuayUserField()
  pw_reset = BooleanField(default=False)
  new_email = CharField(null=True)
  email_confirm = BooleanField(default=False)
  created = DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)


class ImageStorage(BaseModel):
  uuid = CharField(default=uuid_generator, index=True, unique=True)
  image_size = BigIntegerField(null=True)
  uncompressed_size = BigIntegerField(null=True)
  uploading = BooleanField(default=True, null=True)
  cas_path = BooleanField(default=True)
  content_checksum = CharField(null=True, index=True)


class ImageStorageTransformation(BaseModel):
  name = CharField(index=True, unique=True)


class ImageStorageSignatureKind(BaseModel):
  name = CharField(index=True, unique=True)


class ImageStorageSignature(BaseModel):
  storage = ForeignKeyField(ImageStorage, index=True)
  kind = ForeignKeyField(ImageStorageSignatureKind)
  signature = TextField(null=True)
  uploading = BooleanField(default=True, null=True)

  class Meta:
    database = db
    read_slaves = (read_slave,)
    indexes = (
      (('kind', 'storage'), True),
    )


class ImageStorageLocation(BaseModel):
  name = CharField(unique=True, index=True)


class ImageStoragePlacement(BaseModel):
  storage = ForeignKeyField(ImageStorage)
  location = ForeignKeyField(ImageStorageLocation)

  class Meta:
    database = db
    read_slaves = (read_slave,)
    indexes = (
      # An image can only be placed in the same place once
      (('storage', 'location'), True),
    )


class UserRegion(BaseModel):
  user = QuayUserField(index=True, allows_robots=False)
  location = ForeignKeyField(ImageStorageLocation)

  indexes = (
    (('user', 'location'), True),
  )


_ImageProxy = Proxy()


class Image(BaseModel):
  # This class is intentionally denormalized. Even though images are supposed
  # to be globally unique we can't treat them as such for permissions and
  # security reasons. So rather than Repository <-> Image being many to many
  # each image now belongs to exactly one repository.
  docker_image_id = CharField(index=True)
  repository = ForeignKeyField(Repository)

  # '/' separated list of ancestory ids, e.g. /1/2/6/7/10/
  ancestors = CharField(index=True, default='/', max_length=64535, null=True)

  storage = ForeignKeyField(ImageStorage, index=True, null=True)

  created = DateTimeField(null=True)
  comment = TextField(null=True)
  command = TextField(null=True)
  aggregate_size = BigIntegerField(null=True)
  v1_json_metadata = TextField(null=True)
  v1_checksum = CharField(null=True)

  security_indexed = BooleanField(default=False, index=True)
  security_indexed_engine = IntegerField(default=-1, index=True)

  # We use a proxy here instead of 'self' in order to disable the foreign key constraint
  parent = ForeignKeyField(_ImageProxy, index=True, null=True, related_name='children')

  class Meta:
    database = db
    read_slaves = (read_slave,)
    indexes = (
      # we don't really want duplicates
      (('repository', 'docker_image_id'), True),

      (('security_indexed_engine', 'security_indexed'), False),
    )


_ImageProxy.initialize(Image)


class DerivedStorageForImage(BaseModel):
  source_image = ForeignKeyField(Image)
  derivative = ForeignKeyField(ImageStorage)
  transformation = ForeignKeyField(ImageStorageTransformation)
  uniqueness_hash = CharField(null=True)

  class Meta:
    database = db
    read_slaves = (read_slave,)
    indexes = (
      (('source_image', 'transformation', 'uniqueness_hash'), True),
    )


class RepositoryTag(BaseModel):
  name = CharField()
  image = ForeignKeyField(Image)
  repository = ForeignKeyField(Repository)
  lifetime_start_ts = IntegerField(default=get_epoch_timestamp)
  lifetime_end_ts = IntegerField(null=True, index=True)
  hidden = BooleanField(default=False)
  reversion = BooleanField(default=False)

  class Meta:
    database = db
    read_slaves = (read_slave,)
    indexes = (
      (('repository', 'name'), False),

      # This unique index prevents deadlocks when concurrently moving and deleting tags
      (('repository', 'name', 'lifetime_end_ts'), True),
    )


class TagManifest(BaseModel):
  tag = ForeignKeyField(RepositoryTag, index=True, unique=True)
  digest = CharField(index=True)
  json_data = TextField()


class BUILD_PHASE(object):
  """ Build phases enum """
  ERROR = 'error'
  INTERNAL_ERROR = 'internalerror'
  BUILD_SCHEDULED = 'build-scheduled'
  UNPACKING = 'unpacking'
  PULLING = 'pulling'
  BUILDING = 'building'
  PUSHING = 'pushing'
  WAITING = 'waiting'
  COMPLETE = 'complete'

  @classmethod
  def is_terminal_phase(cls, phase):
    return (phase == cls.COMPLETE or
            phase == cls.ERROR or
            phase == cls.INTERNAL_ERROR)


class QueueItem(BaseModel):
  queue_name = CharField(index=True, max_length=1024)
  body = TextField()
  available_after = DateTimeField(default=datetime.utcnow, index=True)
  available = BooleanField(default=True, index=True)
  processing_expires = DateTimeField(null=True, index=True)
  retries_remaining = IntegerField(default=5, index=True)


class RepositoryBuild(BaseModel):
  uuid = CharField(default=uuid_generator, index=True)
  repository = ForeignKeyField(Repository, index=True)
  access_token = ForeignKeyField(AccessToken)
  resource_key = CharField(index=True, null=True)
  job_config = TextField()
  phase = CharField(default=BUILD_PHASE.WAITING)
  started = DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
  display_name = CharField()
  trigger = ForeignKeyField(RepositoryBuildTrigger, null=True, index=True)
  pull_robot = QuayUserField(null=True, related_name='buildpullrobot', allows_robots=True,
                             robot_null_delete=True)
  logs_archived = BooleanField(default=False)
  queue_id = CharField(null=True, index=True)


class LogEntryKind(BaseModel):
  name = CharField(index=True, unique=True)


class LogEntry(BaseModel):
  kind = ForeignKeyField(LogEntryKind, index=True)
  account = QuayUserField(index=True, related_name='account')
  performer = QuayUserField(allows_robots=True, index=True, null=True,
                            related_name='performer', robot_null_delete=True)
  repository = ForeignKeyField(Repository, index=True, null=True)
  datetime = DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, index=True)
  ip = CharField(null=True)
  metadata_json = TextField(default='{}')

  class Meta:
    database = db
    read_slaves = (read_slave,)
    indexes = (
      # create an index on repository and date
      (('repository', 'datetime'), False),

      # create an index on repository, date and kind
      (('repository', 'datetime', 'kind'), False),
    )


class RepositoryActionCount(BaseModel):
  repository = ForeignKeyField(Repository, index=True)
  count = IntegerField()
  date = DateField(index=True)

  class Meta:
    database = db
    read_slaves = (read_slave,)
    indexes = (
      # create a unique index on repository and date
      (('repository', 'date'), True),
    )


class OAuthApplication(BaseModel):
  client_id = CharField(index=True, default=random_string_generator(length=20))
  client_secret = CharField(default=random_string_generator(length=40))
  redirect_uri = CharField()
  application_uri = CharField()
  organization = QuayUserField()

  name = CharField()
  description = TextField(default='')
  avatar_email = CharField(null=True, db_column='gravatar_email')


class OAuthAuthorizationCode(BaseModel):
  application = ForeignKeyField(OAuthApplication)
  code = CharField(index=True)
  scope = CharField()
  data = TextField()  # Context for the code, such as the user


class OAuthAccessToken(BaseModel):
  uuid = CharField(default=uuid_generator, index=True)
  application = ForeignKeyField(OAuthApplication)
  authorized_user = QuayUserField()
  scope = CharField()
  access_token = CharField(index=True)
  token_type = CharField(default='Bearer')
  expires_at = DateTimeField()
  refresh_token = CharField(index=True, null=True)
  data = TextField()  # This is context for which this token was generated, such as the user


class NotificationKind(BaseModel):
  name = CharField(index=True, unique=True)


class Notification(BaseModel):
  uuid = CharField(default=uuid_generator, index=True)
  kind = ForeignKeyField(NotificationKind, index=True)
  target = QuayUserField(index=True)
  metadata_json = TextField(default='{}')
  created = DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, index=True)
  dismissed = BooleanField(default=False)
  lookup_path = CharField(null=True, index=True)


class ExternalNotificationEvent(BaseModel):
  name = CharField(index=True, unique=True)


class ExternalNotificationMethod(BaseModel):
  name = CharField(index=True, unique=True)


class RepositoryNotification(BaseModel):
  uuid = CharField(default=uuid_generator, index=True)
  repository = ForeignKeyField(Repository, index=True)
  event = ForeignKeyField(ExternalNotificationEvent)
  method = ForeignKeyField(ExternalNotificationMethod)
  title = CharField(null=True)
  config_json = TextField()
  event_config_json = TextField(default='{}')


class RepositoryAuthorizedEmail(BaseModel):
  repository = ForeignKeyField(Repository, index=True)
  email = CharField()
  code = CharField(default=random_string_generator(), unique=True, index=True)
  confirmed = BooleanField(default=False)

  class Meta:
    database = db
    read_slaves = (read_slave,)
    indexes = (
      # create a unique index on email and repository
      (('email', 'repository'), True),
    )


class BlobUpload(BaseModel):
  repository = ForeignKeyField(Repository, index=True)
  uuid = CharField(index=True, unique=True)
  byte_count = IntegerField(default=0)
  sha_state = ResumableSHA256Field(null=True, default=resumablehashlib.sha256)
  location = ForeignKeyField(ImageStorageLocation)
  storage_metadata = JSONField(null=True, default={})
  chunk_count = IntegerField(default=0)
  uncompressed_byte_count = IntegerField(null=True)
  created = DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, index=True)
  piece_sha_state = ResumableSHA1Field(null=True)
  piece_hashes = Base64BinaryField(null=True)

  class Meta:
    database = db
    read_slaves = (read_slave,)
    indexes = (
      # create a unique index on email and repository
      (('repository', 'uuid'), True),
    )


class QuayService(BaseModel):
  name = CharField(index=True, unique=True)


class QuayRegion(BaseModel):
  name = CharField(index=True, unique=True)


class QuayRelease(BaseModel):
  service = ForeignKeyField(QuayService)
  version = CharField()
  region = ForeignKeyField(QuayRegion)
  reverted = BooleanField(default=False)
  created = DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, index=True)

  class Meta:
    database = db
    read_slaves = (read_slave,)
    indexes = (
      # unique release per region
      (('service', 'version', 'region'), True),

      # get recent releases
      (('service', 'region', 'created'), False),
    )


class TorrentInfo(BaseModel):
  storage = ForeignKeyField(ImageStorage)
  piece_length = IntegerField()
  pieces = Base64BinaryField()

  class Meta:
    database = db
    read_slaves = (read_slave,)
    indexes = (
      # we may want to compute the piece hashes multiple times with different piece lengths
      (('storage', 'piece_length'), True),
    )


class ServiceKeyApprovalType(Enum):
  SUPERUSER = 'Super User API'
  KEY_ROTATION = 'Key Rotation'
  AUTOMATIC = 'Automatic'


_ServiceKeyApproverProxy = Proxy()
class ServiceKeyApproval(BaseModel):
  approver = ForeignKeyField(_ServiceKeyApproverProxy, null=True)
  approval_type = CharField(index=True)
  approved_date = DateTimeField(default=datetime.utcnow)
  notes = TextField(default='')

_ServiceKeyApproverProxy.initialize(User)


class ServiceKey(BaseModel):
  name = CharField()
  kid = CharField(unique=True, index=True)
  service = CharField(index=True)
  jwk = JSONField()
  metadata = JSONField()
  created_date = DateTimeField(default=datetime.utcnow)
  expiration_date = DateTimeField(null=True)
  rotation_duration = IntegerField(null=True)
  approval = ForeignKeyField(ServiceKeyApproval, index=True, null=True)


is_model = lambda x: inspect.isclass(x) and issubclass(x, BaseModel) and x is not BaseModel
all_models = [model[1] for model in inspect.getmembers(sys.modules[__name__], is_model)]